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Subject: 無我,無常


Author:
Tong Tong
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Date Posted: 16:10:11 10/03/03 Fri

『三法印』即諸行無常、諸法無我、涅槃寂靜;是佛教特徵的三種法門。此三項義理可用以印證各種說法之是否正確,故稱三法印。茲簡述如下:

一、諸行無常。諸行係指一切有為法,所謂行即表示由因緣和合而造作者。無常係述一切有為法皆由因緣而生,依生、住、異、滅四相,於剎那間生滅,而為本無今有、今有後無。即說世間一切現象(有為法)與萬物經常轉變不息,無固定不變壞之物存在,故謂諸行無常。《涅槃經》:「諸行無常,是生滅法,生滅滅已,寂滅為樂。」

二、諸法無我。諸法又稱萬法,現代語稱之為存在、一切現象(不包含涅槃等無為法)。無我又作非我;我即永遠不變(常)、中心之所有主(主)、具有支配能力(宰);因此主張所有之存在無有如是之我。即說一切有為、無為法中,並無「我」之實體;亦即一切法皆依因緣而生,相互依存,無實體性;有為法雖有作用,然不常住;無為法雖常住,然無作用;故稱諸法無我。且一切世間有為、無為諸法概皆無我,眾生不能了知,而於一切法強立主宰,故佛說無我以破眾生之我執。

三、涅槃寂靜。涅槃又譯寂滅、滅度、無生;即燃燒煩惱之火滅盡,完成悟智(菩提)之境地;乃超越生死(迷界)之悟界,為佛教終極之實踐目的。寂靜係心凝住於一處之平等安靜狀態;誑悜袬I定可令心止於一處、遠離散亂等,且攝持平等。即一切眾生不知生死之苦,而起惑造業,流轉三界,故佛說涅槃之法,以出離生死之苦,得寂滅涅槃。

以上,諸行無常係明有為;涅槃寂靜係明無為;諸法無我則通明有為、無為。學佛者需印定其說,即是佛說;否則仍是流轉三界,不得「正法」。





(作者:無心)

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