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Date Posted: 08:30:34 02/28/03 Fri
Author: ÇÐÍ
Subject: áîëüøèíñòâî íàøèõ ñîâðåìåííèêîâ – ïàòðèîòû

ÑØÀ íå ìîãóò èçáàâèòüñÿ îò íåëåãàëüíûõ èììèãðàíòîâ

Ñëóæáà èììèãðàöèè è íàòóðàëèçàöèè ÑØÀ íå ñïðàâëÿåòñÿ ñ ïîòîêîì íåëåãàëüíûõ èììèãðàíòîâ è íå ìîæåò âûñëàòü èíîñòðàíöåâ, ñðåäè êîòîðûõ ìîãóò îêàçàòüñÿ òåððîðèñòû, ñîîáùàåò Reuters ñî ññûëêîé íà îò÷åò ìèíèñòåðñòâà þñòèöèè ÑØÀ, îáíàðîäîâàííûé â ñðåäó. Ðàññëåäîâàíèå, ïðîâåäåííîå ãåíåðàëüíûì èíñïåêòîðîì ìèíèñòåðñòâà, óñòàíîâèëî, ÷òî òîëüêî 13 ïðîöåíòîâ íåëåãàëüíûõ èììèãðàíòîâ, êîòîðûì áûëî ïðèêàçàíî ïîêèíóòü ñòðàíó, íî êîòîðûå íå áûëè àðåñòîâàíû, äåéñòâèòåëüíî óåõàëè.
Åñëè æå ðàññìîòðåòü îòäåëüíî èììèãðàíòîâ èç ñòðàí, êîòîðûå ÑØÀ îïðåäåëèëè êàê "ñïîíñîðîâ òåððîðèçìà", òî äåëî îáñòîèò åùå õóæå: óåõàëè ëèøü 6 ïðîöåíòîâ èç òåõ, êîìó áûëî ïðèêàçàíî ïîêèíóòü ñòðàíó.
Ïî ñâåäåíèÿì ñîñòàâèòåëåé îò÷åòà, íà èþíü 2002 ãîäà â ÑØÀ íàõîäèëîñü îêîëî 355 òûñÿ÷ íåëåãàëüíûõ èììèãðàíòîâ, êîòîðûì áûëî ïðèêàçàíî ïîêèíóòü ñòðàíó, íî êîòîðûå íå ñäåëàëè ýòîãî.
Êðîìå òîãî, INS óäàëîñü âûñëàòü ëèøü 3 ïðîöåíòà ëþäåé, êîòîðûì âëàñòè ÑØÀ îòêàçàëèñü ïðåäîñòàâèòü óáåæèùå. "Ñòîëü íèçêèé ïîêàçàòåëü äëÿ ýòîé êàòåãîðèè ëèö âûçûâàåò îïàñåíèÿ, òàê êàê â ýòîé ãðóïïå ìîãóò íàõîäèòüñÿ ïîòåíöèàëüíûå òåððîðèñòû, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèå óãðîçó äëÿ áåçîïàñíîñòè ñòðàíû, - ãîâîðèòñÿ â îò÷åòå. - Ìû âûÿñíèëè, ÷òî íåñêîëüêî ÷åëîâåê, ïðèçíàííûõ âèíîâíûìè â òåððîðèñòè÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè â ÑØÀ, ïîïðîñèëè ïîëèòè÷åñêîãî óáåæèùà, ïûòàÿñü îñòàòüñÿ â ñòðàíå".
Ëåíòà.

Àãåíòñòâî ðåãèîíàëüíûõ ïîëèòè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé (ÀÐÏÈ) ïðåäñòàâèëî åæåíåäåëüíûé äàéäæåñò îïåðàòèâíîé ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêîé èíôîðìàöèè.
Ðåñïîíäåíòàì áûë çàäàí âîïðîñ: "Êàê Âû ñ÷èòàåòå, íóæíà ëè Ðîññèè ñâîÿ íàöèîíàëüíàÿ èäåÿ? Îöåíèòå ïî ïÿòèáàëëüíîé øêàëå, ãäå 1 - "ñîâñåì íå íóæíà", à 5 - "áåçóñëîâíî íóæíà"". Êàê ïîêàçàëè ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèÿ, 69% óáåæäåíû, ÷òî Ðîññèè íóæíà íàöèîíàëüíàÿ èäåÿ (ïðè÷åì, 51% ïîñòàâèë öèôðó 5, à 18% - 4). Âñåãî ëèøü 12% ðåñïîíäåíòîâ îòâåòèëè íà 1 è 2. 13% çàíèìàþò ïðîìåæóòî÷íóþ ïîçèöèþ. Çàòðóäíèëèñü ñ îòâåòîì íà äàííûé âîïðîñ 6% ó÷àñòíèêîâ èññëåäîâàíèÿ. Ïðèìå÷àòåëüíî, ÷òî íàèáîëüøóþ ïîòðåáíîñòü â íàöèîíàëüíîé èäåå ïðèçíàþò âîåííîñëóæàùèå è ïðåäïðèíèìàòåëè.
Âòîðîé âîïðîñ áûë â ðàçâèòèå ïåðâîãî: "Åñëè Âû îòâåòèëè óòâåðäèòåëüíî, òî êàêàÿ ýòî èäåÿ?" Ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ ìíåíèå ðåñïîíäåíòîâ, êîòîðûå ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî Ðîññèè íóæíà íàöèîíàëüíàÿ èäåÿ. Ïîñêîëüêó ðåñïîíäåíòû ìîãëè íàçâàòü íåñêîëüêî âàðèàíòîâ îòâåòà, òî ñóììà çíà÷åíèé íå ñîñòàâëÿåò 100%.
Êàê ïîêàçàëè ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèÿ, ïîäàâëÿþùåå áîëüøèíñòâî íàøèõ ñîâðåìåííèêîâ – ïàòðèîòû. 32% íàçâàëè èäåþ ïàòðèîòèçìà, åùå 14% áëèçêóþ åé èäåþ äåðæàâíîñòè, åùå 13% ñâÿçàííóþ ñ ýòèìè äâóìÿ èäåþ íàöèîíàëüíîé ñàìîáûòíîñòè, åùå 6% - èäåþ ðåëèãèè (íàäî ïîíèìàòü, ðå÷ü èäåò î Ïðàâîñëàâèè.  öåëîì ôîðìóëà “Ïðàâîñëàâèå, Ñàìîäåðæàâèå (Âåëèêîäåðæàâèå), Íàðîäíîñòü” ïîëó÷èëà ïîääåðæêó 65% îïðîøåííûõ. Äðóãèå ïðåòåíäåíòû íà ðîëü íàöèîíàëüíîé èäåè: "äåìîêðàòèÿ" – 32% ðåñïîíäåíòîâ; “ñîöèàëèçì + êîììóíèçì” – 22%; êàïèòàëèçì – âñåãî 3% (è âïðÿìü, êàêàÿ ìîæåò áûòü ó êàïèòàëèçìà èäåÿ). Ïîêàçàòåëüíî, ÷òî ÷èñëî ðåñïîíäåíòîâ, íàçâàâøèõ "äåìîêðàòèþ" â êà÷åñòâå íàöèîíàëüíîé èäåè óìåíüøàåòñÿ ñ ðîñòîì âîçðàñòà ðåñïîíäåíòîâ, ò.å. âçðîñëåÿ, ëþäè óìíåþò. "Ïàòðèîòèçì" â êà÷åñòâå îñíîâíîé íàöèîíàëüíîé èäåè ÷àùå âñåõ íàçûâàþò âîåííîñëóæàùèå, ðóêîâîäèòåëè è ñïåöèàëèñòû ñ âûñøèì îáðàçîâàíèåì, ðåæå âñåãî - ïåíñèîíåðû, äîìîõîçÿéêè è áåçðàáîòíûå. "Äåìîêðàòèþ" â êà÷åñòâå íàöèîíàëüíîé èäåè ÷àùå âñåãî íàçûâàþò ñòóäåíòû, ñïåöèàëèñòû ñ âûñøèì îáðàçîâàíèåì, ðåæå âñåãî - âîåííîñëóæàùèå è äîìîõîçÿéêè.
Èíòåðåñíûå ðåçóëüòàòû ïîëó÷åíû è ïðè îòâåòå íà äâà äðóãèõ âîïðîñà. "Êàê Âû äóìàåòå, áóäåò ëè íàøå ãîñóäàðñòâî â áëèæàéøèå ãîäû: ñòàíîâèòüñÿ ñèëüíåå, îñòàâàòüñÿ òàêèì æå, ñòàíîâèòüñÿ ñëàáåå?" 32% ðåñïîíäåíòîâ ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî â áëèæàéøèå ãîäû íàøå ãîñóäàðñòâî áóäåò ñòàíîâèòüñÿ ñèëüíåå. Áîëüøèíñòâî ðîññèÿí (42%) ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî Ðîññèÿ îñòàíåòñÿ ïðåæíåé, à 22% ñ÷èòàþò ÷òî îíà áóäåò ñòàíîâèòüñÿ ñëàáåå. À â îòâåòàõ íà âîïðîñ: "Êàêàÿ ñòðàíà, ïî Âàøåìó ìíåíèþ, ñòàíåò ÷åðåç 30 ëåò âåäóùåé ìèðîâîé äåðæàâîé?", äâà ïåðâûõ ìåñòà äåëÿò Ðîññèÿ (!) è ÑØÀ (23%). Î òîì, ÷òî ÷åðåç 30 ëåò âåäóùåé ìèðîâîé äåðæàâîé áóäåò Îáúåäèíåííàÿ Åâðîïà, ãîâîðÿò 16% ðåñïîíäåíòîâ. Òðåòüå è ÷åòâåðòîå ìåñòî ïîäåëèëè àçèàòñêèå ñòðàíû, Êèòàé è ßïîíèÿ (14 è 9% ñîîòâåòñòâåííî). 15% çàòðóäíÿþòñÿ ñ îòâåòîì.
Îïðîñ ïðîâîäèòñÿ áîëåå ÷åì â 84 ãîðîäñêèõ è ñåëüñêèõ íàñåëåííûõ ïóíêòàõ â 28 ñóáúåêòàõ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, âî âñåõ ôåäåðàëüíûõ îêðóãàõ ñòðàíû. Îáúåì âûáîðêè 1600 ÷åëîâåê. Ðåçóëüòàòû îïðîñîâ ïðåäñòàâèòåëüíû ïî ôåäåðàëüíîìó îêðóãó, òèïó íàñåëåííîãî ïóíêòà, ïîëó, âîçðàñòó, îáðàçîâàíèþ, ñîöèàëüíîìó ïîëîæåíèþ, äîõîäàì ñåìüè è ìåäèà ïðåäïî÷òåíèÿì. Ìåòîä îïðîñà - ëè÷íîå èíòåðâüþ ïî ìåñòó æèòåëüñòâà ðåñïîíäåíòà.
Ðóññêàÿ ëèíèÿ

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