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Date Posted: 18:47:34 09/03/02 Tue
Author: Irish History
Subject: Chronology

CHRONOLOGY


1916

Irish Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army join forces and participate in week-long Easter Rebellion in Dublin. Leaders executed, hundreds jailed or interned after this latest abortive attempt to break with the British Empire.

1918

Last all-Ireland general election. Great swing nationally for the ideals enshrined in the Easter 1916 Proclamation of the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic, which promised to treat "all the children of the nation equally". Constitutional nationalists suffer major decline. Sinn Fein attracts major support.

1919

Dail Eireann - an all-Ireland parliament - meets in Dublin. British authorites declare its enactments illegal and launch a campaign of political and military repression. The republican army, forged in the flames of 1916, responds in defence of the democratic will of the national majority and its newly established institutions. The period known as the War of Independence or the Black and Tan War begins.

1921

Britain decides to withdraw from five-sixths of Irish territory, but retains its forces in the remainder. Partition finalised. No national referendum, or other formof electoral mandate sought by Britain. Republican forces split over 'Treaty'. Britain arms pro-Treaty forces, and period known as the 'Civil War' or the Second Defence of the Republic begins. Stormont rule and the Irish Free State imposed by force of arms on both sides of an artificial border. Stormont, opened by the King of England, who expressed the desire for peace in Ireland, declares itself "A Protestant Government for a Protestant People".


1949

Free State ('26 Counties') declared Republic of Ireland. Integration of Stormont statelet ('Six Counties') into the United Kingdom reinforced by British Labour government.

1956-62

Operation Harvest. Border campaign by Irish Republican Army; internment, as in previous two decades, introduced by both partitionist statelets.

1966

Golden jubilee celebrations of 1916 Rising banned in the Six Counties, but proceed regardless. Six Republican organisers arrested, charged and jailed in Crumlin Road prison, Belfast. Put on hard labour. 3 from Belfast - M. McBirney, Sullivan & L.Martin. 3 from Derry - M.Mongomery, P. Kirk and F.Ó Dochartaigh. Gusty Spence's loyalist Ulster Volunteer Force opens fire on four young Catholics in Belfast. An eighteen-year-old barman, Peter Ward, is shot dead after leaving work on 26th June.

1967

JANUARY : Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) formed in Belfast.

1968

AUGUST 24th: first peaceful Civil Rights march from Coalisland to Dungannon, Co. Tyrone.

OCTOBER

5th second march in Derry attacked by paramilitary RUC police force. Author arrested, with two other key organisers, in a dawn raid, next day. E. McCann, E. Melaugh & F. Ó Dochartaigh. All three were charged with defying the ban on a proscribed march.

9th formation of Derry Citizens' Action Committee (DCAC).

1969

JANUARY: Civil Rights 'Students' March' attacked by loyalists at Burntollet Bridge en route from Belfast to Derry. Loyalists and police outraged that march "got through". RUC paramilitary police enter the working-class Bogside and attack homes during the hours of darkness, after marchers experience massive welcome in city centre.

MARCH: Power station is blown up by UVF - Action not claimed - IRA blamed by Stormont government, police and British media.

APRIL: Terence O'Neill, 'moderate', succeeded by a relative, James Chichester-Clark as Stormont Prime Minister.

JULY:

14th Francis McCloskey, a 67 year-old Catholic, died one day after being hit on the head with a baton while walking to his home in the village of Dungiven, Co. Derry. He is listed as the first civilian to be killed By the RUC during street disturbances.

17th Anti-Stormont Rioting. Samuel Devenney, a 42 year-old Catholic dies in Derry City after being savagely beaten at his own fireside three months earlier by the RUC; the second recorded civilian fatality.

AUGUST:

2nd Patrick Corry, a 61 year-old Catholic civilian dies. He had been hit on the head with a number of batons during altercations between local people and RUC, at Unit Flats off Upper Library Street, Belfast.

12th - 15th Rioting in Derry spreads to Belfast. RUC reduced to state of exhaustion over a 72-hour period.

14th John Gallagher, a Catholic civilian was shot dead by the 'B' Specials during street disturbances, Catherdral Road, Armagh. Troops occupy Derry city centre.

Battle of the Bogside leads to re-intervention of British army, first in Derry and then in Belfast. 8,000 soldiers reinforce the existing British garrison in the Six Counties by the year's end.

15th Armed Republicans are reported defending working-class districts wherein majority are from the minority community. Herbert Roy, a 26-year old, becomes the first Protestant civilian to be shot while part of a loyalist crowd during street disturbances, corner of Divis Street and Dover Steet, Lower Falls, Belfast.

Patrick Rooney, a 9 year-old Catholic is shot dead when shots were fired into his home, St. Brendan's Path, Divis Flats, Belfast.

Hugh McCabe, a 20 year-old Catholic civilian is shot dead by the RUC while on the roof of Whitehall Block, Divis Flats, Belfast.

Samuel McLarnon, a 47 year-old Catholic civilian is shot dead by the RUC at his home during nearby street disturbances, Herbert Street, Ardoyne, Belfast.

Michael Lynch, a 28 year old Catholic civilian is shot dead by RUC during street disturbances, Butler Street, Ardoyne, Belfast.

Gerald McAuley, a 15-year old Catholic, a member of Na Fianna Eireann (republican boy scouts) was shot dead by loyalists during street disturbances, Waterville Street, Falls Road, Belfast.

David Linton, a 48 year-old Protestant civilian is shot dead during street disturbances at the junction of Palmer Street and Crumlin Road, Belfast.

British troops move into Belfast districts and begin to erect 'peace-lines'. Initially welcomed by minority community.

SEPTEMBER:

John Todd, a 29 year-old Protestant civilian is shot dead during street distrurbances, Alloa Street, Lower Oldpark, Belfast. "Non-specific republican group", engaged in defending nationalist ghettos is believed to be responsible.

OCTOBER:

RUC 'B' Specials to be disbanded - and replaced by Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR), which will accept Catholic recruits. UDR to be under direct British army control. Specials re-join 'new' regiment in large numbers. RUC reorganised, supposedly for a 'new role'. Outraged 'loyalists' attack British Army and RUC.

11th. Two Protestant civilians, George Dickie (25) and Herbert Hawe (32) shot dead by the British Army during street disturbances on the Shankill Road, Belfast.

Constable Victor Arbuckle is shot dead by Belfast loyalists engaged in rioting against disbandment of 'B' Specials and 'new role' policy. First RUC fatality.

21st Thomas McDowell, a member of the loyalist UVF died two days after being injured in premature bomb explosion at hydroelectric power station near Ballyshannon, Co. Donegal, which is in the 26-Counties.

DECEMBER: Split in official IRA - Provisionals emerge.

1970

JANUARY: Sinn Fein follows IRA and splits. Majority become known as the 'Officials' or 'Stickies'. The minority become known as the 'Provos'.

APRIL: UDR inaugurated. Labour Party forecast to loose General Election in Britain. British army uses batons and CS gas against nationalist rioters, and their General Officer Commanding, GOC, Freeland, threatens to shoot rioters on sight.

JUNE: General Election in Britain. Conservatives come to power and nationalists anticipate increased repression. Provisional IRA defend the isolated Short Strand enclave from Loyalist attacks.

JULY: British army imposes Whitehall-inspired Falls Road curfew - five Catholics killed, 60 injured and hundreds of homes devastated.

1971

FEBRUARY: Gunner Robert Curtis killed by machine-gunfire on the New Lodge Road during major rioting in this nationalist area: first British soldier to be killed in action by the PIRA - 18 months after troops are deployed.

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