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Date Posted: 21:25:49 02/10/03 Mon
Author: jo-dan
Subject: Ch25 - Jordan's Sections...almost...

Hey girls, i'm missing one section, The Popluar Front and the Left, but I'm really trying! Sorry these are sooo late!! Please forgive me!
-jo


I. The Great Crash
A. Stock Market Boom
i. from Feb. 1928 stock prices rose steadily for 1 ½ years
a. between may 1928 and sept. 1928, stock prices increased 40%
b. trading increased from 2 and 3 million shares per day to 5 million shares per day
- trading ballooned up to 10 or 12 million shares per day
B. Black Tuesday
i. Oct 21 and oct 23, stocks fall dramatically followed by temporary recovers by companies like J.P. Morgan
ii. oct 29, 1929 – 16 million shares traded, industrial index drops 63 points, some company stocks became worthless
a. the decline continued for 4 years and didn’t recover for over a decade
b. many thought the crash was the beginning, if not the cause, of the Great Depression


I. Progress of the Depression
A. the collapse continues w/ a banking collapse
i. between 1930 and 1933, many banks went bankrupt or closed completely to avoid bankruptcy
a. b/c of banking closures, depositors lost $2.5 bil. In deposits and the nation’s money supply greatly decreased
- according to some measurements, total money supply fell more than 1/3 from 1930 to 1933
- this led to deflation
ii. to further crisis, The Federal Reserve Board raised interest rates in 1931 to protect the Fed’s own solvency
B. severe contraction
i. the collapse was so rapid that no one could explain it
a. the American gross national; product plummeted from $104 bil in 1929 to $76.4 bil in 1932
b. Americans spent $16.2 bil in capital investment and in 1933 they invested only ½ of a billion
c. the consumer price index declined 25% from 1929 to 1933 and the wholesale price index dropped 32%
d. gross farm income dropped from $12 bil to $5 bil in 4 years
e. by 1932, 25% of the American work force was unemployed
- for the rest of the decade, unemployment averaged 20% and never dropped below 15%


I. Mexican Americans in Depression America
A. the Mexican population in the US grew steadily
i. 1930s – 2 mil Hispanics in US, most lived in urban areas of the southwest, but some lived in Chicago, Detroit and NY
B. The Depression
i. the jobs the Mexicans had were now taken by Anglos
- created widespread Mexican unemployment
ii. American officials went so far as to take the Mexicans across the border back to Mexico
a. in the first years of the depression only ½ a million Chicanos (Mexicans in the US) were left in the US
B. Hispanic Discrimination
i. dealt w/ many challenges that blacks faced
- no access to American schools
- no hospital admission
- some became communists
- some turned to the Mexican consulates
- some turned to the social and economic leaders of Mexican American communities
ii. organized resistance
- cali – a union is formed of migrant farm workers
- unions were repressed and many Mexican Americans went to Los Angeles and lived in poverty



I. Women and the Workplace in the Great Depression
A. Popular Disapproval of Women’s Employment
i. during the depression, women’s employment was considered wrong
a. from 1932 to 1937, it was illegal for more than one member of a family to hold a federal service job, so most of those jobs went to men
ii. despite this disapproval, wives and mothers in the workplace increased by 20% from when the depression started
a. women’s employment opportunities decreased during the depression b/c men began moving into fields otherwise considered for women such as teaching and social work
- but white women w/ jobs such as stenographers and salesclerks were basically safe b/c these jobs were less likely to be hurt by the depression and men were less likely to take them
- almost half of all black women lost their jobs during the depression but still, 38% had jobs as compared to 24% of white women
-- this is mostly b/c of social preference, white women were less likely to work than black women
B. The Demise of the National Women’s Party
i. had fought for women’s rights all throughout the 20s
a. fought for the equal rights amendments
ii. in the hard economic times, financial concerns overtook feminist ideas
a. despite some significant gains in the New Deal, by the end of the 30, American feminism had reached and all time low


I. Radio
A. almost every American family in the 1930s had a radio
i. those who didn’t (such as those who lived in poorer neighborhoods) would gather around the house of the neighbor who did have a radio
ii. teenagers would also invite friends over to listen and dance to the radio
B. Escapist Programming
i. radio shows such as Superman, Amos ‘n Andy, The Lone Ranger, and Dick Tracy took people out of the reality of the depression
a. soap operas became popular among women who were home all day (soap companies generally sponsored them)
ii. radio programs were broadcast live
a. this led to the widespread popularity of jazz, swing bands, and even classical music
C. Radio’s Impact
i. radio began broadcasting major events like the world series, football games, the Oscars, political conversations and presidential inaugurations
ii. one man, Orson Welles created an account of aliens taking over the world
a. this seemed extremely real to people and created a panic
iii. Radio’s significance
a. it drew the nation together by creating the possibility of shared experiences and common access to culture and information
b. it helped reshape the social life of the nation, for the way it encouraged many families and individuals to center their lives more around the home than they had in the past

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