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Date Posted: 20:17:19 11/25/02 Mon
Author: Jowdan
Subject: Ch16 - Migration from the East

I. Migration from the East
A. Post-War Migration
i. instead of people coming over in thousands, they came in millions
a. many were established easterners looking to make a profit on the new land
b. 2 million between 1870 and 1900 were immigrants direct from Europe
B. Homestead Act of 1862
i. provided 160 acres of land to people willing to cultivate it for 5 years and make it better
ii. intended progresses:
a. a free farm for anyone who needed one
b. a form of government relief where people might not usually have prospects
c. help to create new markets and new outposts for the nation’s growing economy
iii. unintended failures:
a. many farmers were not able to keep up the land due simply to inexperience
b. farmers who were experienced realized that farming west of the Mississippi was different
- 160 acres was too small for grazing and grain farming
c. even though 400,000 people stayed on the plains for the 5 years, many more abandoned them, unable to make a living
C. Government Assistance
i. passed 3 new acts supposed to help the struggling settlers
a. The Timber Culture Act of 1873
- gave farmers 160 additional acres if they agreed to plant trees on 40 of those acres
b. The Desert Land Act of 1877
- let settlers buy their land at $1.25/acre(only for 640 acres) if they agreed to have irrigated their holdings within 3 years
c. The Timber and Stone Act of 1878
- authorized land sales at $2.50/acre
ii. these acts led to the widespread fraud
a. companies would use “dummies” to gain millions of acres of land by defrauding the government
D. State Admissions
- Kansas – 1861
- Nevada – 1864
- Nebraska – 1867
- Colorado – 1876
- North and Souh Dakota, Montana and Washington – 1889
- Wyoming, Idaho – 1890
- Utah – 1896 (only after mormons convinced the government that polygamy was abolished)
- Oklahoma – 1889-1890

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