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Date Posted: 14:57:43 01/16/03 Thu
Author: j
Subject: Ch21 - The Clubwomen

I. The Clubwomen
A. Women’s clubs
i. a large network of women’s associations that proliferated rapidly in the 1880s and 1890s and led to reform
B. with the creation of the General Federation of Women’s Clubs(GFWC), in 1892, the clubs moved from just a place where women could talk to a place where women coul organize and share political ideals
ii. black women also created clubs b/c they were often not allowed to join white women’s clubs
a. they lobbied for lynching to be a federal crime
b. others protested aspects of segregation
C. The Club Movement
i. it gave women a way to define their place in society w/out openly challenging the male dominated order
ii. it gave women a place to act and express themselves in ways usually impossible in a male dominated society
iii. the club movement did not only help the upper class women
a. the club movement led to the winning of state and federal laws that that
- regulated the conditions of women and child labor
- regulated food and drug industries
- reformed policies toward Indian tribes
- applied new standards to urban housing
- most notably – outlawed the manufacturing and sale of alcohol
D. Women’s Trade Union League
i. founded in 1903 by upper class women and merged w/ many women’s clubs
a. groups like this relied on male voters, legislators, and public officials to get their ideas heard
- most clubs emphasized to men how they want to “nuture and protect” the women and children of American and create a “moral uplift”

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