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Date Posted: 04:04:38 11/04/05 Fri
In reply to:
jesus
's message, "Re: mandolin" on 05:54:09 11/02/05 Wed
>>Mandolin Family of Instruments
>>[ Gallery of Instruments ] [ Gallery 2 ] [ How to Play
>>the Mandolin Family ]
>>Instruments
>>and playing
>>Tunes
>>Chords
>>Scales and Modes
>>Links
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>More ..
>> Mandolins evolved from the Lute family in Italy
>>during the 17th -18th centuries,
>>and the deep bowled mandolin produced particularly in
>>Naples became
>>a common type in the19th century.
>>The original instrument was the mandola ( mandorla is
>>almond in Italian and
>>describes the instrument body shape) and evolved in
>>the 15th century from the lute.
>>A later, smaller mandola was developed and became
>>known as a mandolina.
>>
>>The 20th century saw the rise in popularity of the
>>mandolin for celtic, bluegrass,
>>jazz and classical styles.
>>Much of the development of the mandolin from
>>neapolitan bowl back
>>to the flat back style is thanks to Orville Gibson
>>(1856 - 1918)
>>and Lloyd Loar, his chief designer.
>>Further back, around 15,000 - 8,000 BC, single
>>stringed instruments have
>>been seen in cave paintings. They were bowed, struck
>>and plucked.
>>From these, the families of instruments developed.
>>Single strings were long
>>and gave a single melody line. To shorten the scale
>>length (see more ..),
>>other strings were added with a different tension so
>>one string took over
>>where another left off. In turn, this led to diads and
>>chords (see chords).
>>The bowed family became the rabob, rebec and then the
>>fiddle becoming
>>the violin and modern family by 1520 (incidentally
>>also in Naples).
>>The plucked family led to lute-like instruments in
>>2000 BC Mesopotamia,
>>and developed into the Oud or Ud before appearing in
>>Spain in 711 courtesy of the Moors.
>>
>>Over the next centuries, frets were added and the
>>strings doubled to courses
>>leading to the first Lute appearing in the 13th
>>Century.
>>The history of the Lute and the Mandolin are
>>intertwined from this point.
>>The Lute gained a 5th course by the 15th century, a
>>6th a century later and up to
>>13 courses in its heyday. As early as the 14th century
>>a miniature Lute or Mandora appeared.
>>Similar to the mandola, it had counterparts in Arab
>>countries (Dambura) and Assyria (Pandura).
>>From this, the Mandolino (a small gut strung Mandola
>>with 6 strings tuned g b e' a' d'' g''
>>sometimes called the Baroque Mandolin and played with
>>a quill, wooden plectrum or finger-style) was
>>developed in several places in Italy but seems to have
>>became known as the Mandolin in early 18th century
>>(around 1735) Naples.
>>
>>The 'modern' often termed Neapolitan mandolin
>>(bowl-back, 4 course paired metal strings) appeared
>>about 100 years later in around 1830.
>>The style was adopted and developed by others, notably
>>in Rome giving two distinct but similar types of
>>mandolin - Neapolitan and Roman. many of the best
>>players chose the Roman made mandolins. The
>>development of the Mandolino in Rome seems to have
>>followed a slightly different course from that in
>>Naples with many innovations of the Mandolina and
>>later the Mandolin.
>>
>>Classic 'modern' mandolins were made by the Vinaccia
>>family (mid-1700s onwards) in direct continuance from
>>their mandolinos and Calace (1863 - onwards) in Naples
>>and Luigi Embergher (1856 - 1943), Ferrari family
>>(1716 - onwards also originally mandolino makers) and
>>De Santi (1834 - 1916) in Rome.
>>It is widely accepted that the evolution of the
>>mandolin to the modern style is attributed to the
>>Vinaccia family.
>>
>>Mandolins became very popular and many lower grades
>>were produced
>>so that tourists (on the Grand Tour) could take home a
>>mandolin.
>>Often these were only fit to hang on walls as
>>souvenirs and were brought back in their thousands.
>>Some are playable but none match the workmanship and
>>playability of the great makers.
>>
>>
>>
>>© Paul Slater 2001 contact paul@banjolin.supanet.com
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