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Date Posted: 14:37:44 09/09/06 Sat
Author: No name
Subject: 美研光學鐘準足四億年 「一秒」定義或重寫

美研光學鐘準足四億年 「一秒」定義或重寫

10/09/2006

【本報訊】「一秒」的定義可能又要再改寫！美國科學家提出量度時間的新方法，利用雷射光束撞擊銫原子，其震動次數比現時「量度」一秒的銫原子震動次數快十萬倍。以此理論研製的「光學鐘」，將比現時的標準原子鐘還要準確百倍，科學家揚言將改變時間的定義。
每秒滴答快10萬倍
五十八歲的伯奎斯特是位不太守時的物理學家，但矛盾的是他正埋首研究的「光學鐘」，比號稱美國之最的「超精確時鐘」更準確。他與科羅拉多州博爾德「標準及科技國立學院」的其他物理學家，在今夏發表了一個時鐘比併報告，「超精確時鐘」每七千萬年會出現一秒的偏差，但「光學鐘」每四億年才行快或行慢一秒，新舊技術一經比較，高下立見。

伯奎斯特表示，只要進一步發展技術，未來所研製的「光學鐘」將比現時標準鐘準確至少一百倍。

新時鐘比現時的標準原子鐘「滴答」得更快，每個時間單位的「滴答次數」愈多，時間便愈準確。現時的「原子鐘」利用銫原子的固有振頻進行調整，一秒相當於約九十二億次「滴答」，但「光學鐘」以經過精確調校的激光束撞擊原子，每秒的「滴答」次數因而快上十萬倍，為「秒」帶來新定義。

伯氏估計，科學家還要花多五至十年決定以何種原子作「光學鐘」的核心，新發明可望為太空探索和互聯網保安等範疇帶來變革。

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