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Date Posted: 17:58:10 07/17/03 Thu
Author: Ronaldo G.M. Rosa
Subject: Task 11

ELEVENTH CLASS July 14th to 18th

Genre-based approach

Explain what a genre-based approach is.


==== ====


GENRE-BASED APPROACH


"A genre is a particular class of speech events (in discourse analysis) which are considered as being of the same type, having particular and distinctive characteristics."
(http://www.sil.org/lingualinks/LANGUAGELEARNING/OtherResources/GlssryOfLnggLrnngTrms/WhatIsAGenre.htm)

On the webpage "EN6959 - MAESP Curriculum Design" (http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~enhyland/lectures_1-10.htm), the social purposes and conventions are emphasized in the definition of genres:

"Genres are abstract, socially recognised ways of using language. When writing we follow certain conventions for organising messages because we want our reader to recognise our social purposes."

According to Cori Crane et alli, there are different interpretations of the idea of genre, "all however include the social situatedness of genre":

1. "Genres are configurations of meaning that are recurrently phased together to enact social practices." (Martin 2002)
2. "A genre exists only in the recognition and attributions of the users." (Bazerman 1994)
3. "... Some set of communicative purposes [and] various patterns of similarity in terms of structure, style, content and intended audience." (Swales 1990).

(Crane et alli. "Genre: Where art thou? - Tracing the Role of Genre in the Foreign Language Curriculum" http://uccllt.ucdavis.edu/Events/papers/Crane,etal.Irvine2002Paper.htm)


The notion of genre is related to the diverse forms that the discourse may present, conditioned by its social purposes and reflected in its formal configuration:

"Genres thus provide us with resources for getting things done in all areas of life. We all have a repertoire of appropriate responses we can call on to engage in recurring situations, from shopping lists to job applications. Genre analysts have sought to elaborate many of these for the better understanding and teaching of ESP." (http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~enhyland/lectures_1-10.htm)


According to F.A. Rodrigues, "it seems safe to say (...) that literary and non-literary text types are likely to share most of the following generic features:
01. Genres are conventionalized occasions of social interaction,
02. Genres are to be understood as social action,
03. Genres involve a set of relationships between people acting in a given social context and performing certain social roles,
04. Genres entail relationships in which participants share the same set of purposes,
05. Genres are recognized by members of the same discourse community,
06. Genres are distinct ways of using language to achieve different goals,
07. Genres are interactive processes of oral and/or written communication,
08. Genres have linguistic stability and recurrence,
09. Genres have similar patterns in structure, style and intended audience,
10. Genres are processes of social language/linguistic practices "


It is usually considered that there are three broad approaches to genre:

1) Systemic Functional view: a genre is defined as a staged, goal oriented social process. This involves the interaction of participants using language in a conventional, step-wise structure.

2) ESP perspective: a genre comprises a class of communicative events linked by shared purpose recognized by the members of a particular community. These purposes are the rationale of the genre and help to shape the ways it is structured and the choices of content and style it makes available.

3) New Rhetoric view: gives less emphasis to the form of discourse and more to the action it is used to accomplish, seeking to establish the connections between genre and repeated situations and to identify the way in which genres are seen as recurrent rhetorical actions.

(source: http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~enhyland/lectures_1-10.htm)


The genre-based approach concentrates on the communicative purpose of the text, its structure and the type of language that is suitable for that purpose.

In the genre-based approach, genres are studied in context of use. Typical authentic texts are crucial. They will give learners an awareness and a meta-language for identifying areas to work on in their language learning.



Bibliography and references


Cori Crane, Janel Galvanek, Olga Liamkina, Marianna Ryshina-Pankova. "Genre: Where art thou? - Tracing the Role of Genre in the Foreign Language Curriculum"
http://uccllt.ucdavis.edu/Events/papers/Crane,etal.Irvine2002Paper.htm

Critchley, Michael. "Adapting Genre Theory to EFL Contexts"
http://www.encounters.jp/mike/professional/publications/bevseminar.html

Gallagher, Chris. "Writing Across Genres"
http://langue.hyper.chubu.ac.jp/jalt/pub/tlt/00/jul/gallagher.html

Rodrigues, Felix Augusto. "A Brief genre-based study of electronic mail"
http://sw.npd.ufc.br/abralin/anais_con2nac_tema056.pdf

Watson, C. "Dissertation Abstract" (1996)
http://www.surrey.ac.uk/ELI/watsonc.html

"EN6959 - MAESP Curriculum Design"
http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~enhyland/lectures_1-10.htm

"What is a genre?"
http://www.sil.org/lingualinks/LANGUAGELEARNING/OtherResources/GlssryOfLnggLrnngTrms/WhatIsAGenre.htm



Ronaldo G. Machado Rosa
16/July/2003

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