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Date Posted: 9/11/13 22:55
Author: jb
Subject: Re: 狐狸物語:中國漢字聽寫大會

「阻尼」可以和電阻有關,但不是電阻。

阻尼是震盪系統內讓震盪穩定的裝置。

電阻不一定要在震盪系統內。

用最簡單的方法解釋,汽車避震器就是一種阻尼。避震器不會在瞬間就讓車輛停止晃動,避震器是用時間換取穩定。

假設我要關掉電流,我可以把電線切斷,或是裝一億歐姆或是十億歐姆的電阻。就算還有一點點電流通過,裝了這麼大的電阻以後,也幾乎等於沒有電流了。這是二極體或是電晶體控制電流開關的方法。

阻尼不同。阻尼不會一次就達到吸收能量的目標。以「欠阻尼」為例,欠阻尼是靠時間,一次一次吸收,到最後把所有的能量都吸收掉。汽車的避震器不會馬上讓汽車停止晃動,但是避震器的彈簧(或其他裝置)會在晃動的時候一次又一次吸收晃動的能量。晃動幾次以後,就吸收幾乎全部的能量(變成熱能消耗掉)。

電阻是一次把電流殺死。

阻尼是在有電流的情況下,讓電流穩定,吸收的是所謂的「突波」(surge)。

好比說閃電打到電線,電路突然有個「突波」,就要用阻尼電路吸收。但這個電路的目的不是切斷電流,而是讓電流穩定。

電阻 resistor (n)
電阻值 resistance (n)

阻尼(零件名稱) damper (n)
阻尼(功能) damping (n)

門上面裝一個彈簧,這就是簡單的阻尼。到處都有這種裝彈簧,自己會關上的門。

過阻尼:彈簧關門的時候比開門慢多了,彈簧會慢慢慢慢慢慢關門。

臨界阻尼:彈簧關門,門在關上時停止一切晃動。

欠阻尼:門一直晃動,但是幅度越來越小,終於停止。

沒有阻尼:門晃動不停,一直晃動下去。

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