Earth: The Water Planet 2 -- Science Disproves Evolution

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Did comets or meteorites deliver Earth�s water? Although comets contain considerable water (b), comets did not provide much of the Earth�s water, because comet water contains too much heavy hydrogen, relatively rare in Earth�s oceans. Comets also contain too much argon. If comets provided only 1% of Earth�s water, then our atmosphere should have 400 times more argon than it does (c). The few types of meteorites that contain water also have too much heavy hydrogen (d). [Pages 289�355 explain why comets, asteroids, and some types of meteorites contain so much water and heavy hydrogen. Pages 359�407 explain why comets have so much argon. Heavy hydrogen is described on page 297.]

These observations have caused some to conclude that water was transported from the outer solar system to Earth by objects that no longer exist (e). If so, many of these �water tankers� should have collided with the other inner planets (Mercury, Venus, and Mars) as well. Actually, their water characteristics are not like those of Earth (f). Instead of imagining �water tankers� that conveniently disappeared, perhaps we should ask if the Earth was created with its water already present.

b. The water content of Comet Tempel 1 was 38% by mass. [See Endnote 5 on page 312.]

c. �Hence, if comets like Hale-Bopp brought in the Earth�s water, they would have brought in a factor of 40,000 times more argon than is presently in the atmosphere.� T. D. Swindle and D. A. Kring, �Implications of Noble Gas Budgets for the Origin of Water on Earth and Mars,� Eleventh Annual V. M. Goldschmidt Conference, Abstract No. 3785 (Houston: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 20�24 May 2001). [To learn how comets probably collected argon, see Endnote 33 on page 315.]

d. �Oxygen, D/H and Os [osmium] isotopic ratios all...rule out extant meteoritic material as sources of the Earth�s water.� Michael J. Drake and Kevin Righter, �Determining the Composition of the Earth,� Nature, Vol. 416, 7 March 2002, p. 42.

D/H is the ratio of heavy hydrogen (also called deuterium, or D) to normal hydrogen (H). Drake and Righter give many other reasons why meteorites could not have provided much of Earth�s water.

e. �Earth is thought to have formed dry owing to its location inside the �snow line,� which is the distance from the Sun [5 AU] within which it was too warm for water vapour in the nascent Solar System to condense as ice and be swept up into forming planetesimals. Therefore, the water that now fills our oceans and makes life possible must have been delivered to Earth from outside the snow line, perhaps by impacting asteroids and comets.� Henry H. Hsieh, �A�Frosty Finding,� Nature, Vol.�464, 29�April 2010, p.�1287.

�If existing objects in space couldn�t have combined to make Earth�s unique mix of water and other elements, the planet must have formed from�and entirely depleted�an ancient supply of water-rich material that has no modern analog, Drake and Righter argue.� Harder, p. 185.

f. �If water came from millions of comets or small asteroids, the same steady rain would have bombarded Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, so they would all have begun with the same water characteristics, he says. However, the waters of those four planets now have dissimilar profiles, Owen and other geochemists have found.� Ibid.

After reading pages 289�355 you will see that the water in comets, asteroids, and meteoroids�as well as some water detected elsewhere in the inner solar system�came primarily from the subterranean water chambers. During the flood, this subterranean water mixed with Earth�s surface water, giving our surface water different isotope characteristics from water in comets, asteroids, and meteoroids.

�The carrier�s [the tanker�s] elemental and isotopic characteristics would have to have been unlike those of any object that researchers have yet found in the solar system....it doesn�t seem geochemically plausible...� Ibid., p. 186.