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Date Posted: 02:53:42 01/19/07 Fri
Author: Anandan
Subject: Ping
In reply to: Anandan 's message, "Networking - Software tools" on 05:41:31 01/10/07 Wed

The ping program is basd on Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), part of the TCP/IP protocol. ICMP was designed to pass information about network performance betwen network devices and exchange error messages. It supports a wide variety of message ypes, including this query/response mechanism.

The normal operation of ping relies on ECHO_REQUEST and ECHO_REPLY (two ICMP messages), but it may respond to ICMP messages other than ECHO_REPLY when reply.
The default behavior of ping will vary among implmentations. The Solaris OS version of ping responds that the destination is alive or that no answer was received.
sol3#ping 202.100.163.10
202.100.163.10 is alive
sol3#ping 202.100.163.20
no answer from 202.100.163.20
sol3#

ping can be used with an IP number or with a hostname.

Other implementations will, by default, repleatedly send
ECHO-REQUESTs until interrupted.
[root@kingfisher Extra]# ping fileserver
PING fileserver.nmsworks.co.in (192.168.9.31) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from fileserver.nmsworks.co.in (192.168.9.31): icmp_seq=0 ttl=63 time=0.636 ms
64 bytes from fileserver.nmsworks.co.in (192.168.9.31): icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.649 ms
64 bytes from fileserver.nmsworks.co.in (192.168.9.31): icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.643 ms

--- fileserver.nmsworks.co.in ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.636/0.642/0.649/0.029 ms, pipe 2
[root@kingfisher Extra]#

Execution of the program was interrupted with a Ctrl-C, at which point the summary statistics were printed. Without an interrupt, the program will continue indefinitely.

Ping Options
-c option allows one to specify the number of packets to be sent.
-f: packets should be sent as fast as the receiving host can handle them. This can be usd to stress-test a link or to get some indication of the comparative performance of interfaces. Use of this command is restricted to root.
-l:takes a count and sends ou that many packes as fast as possible. It then falls back to normal mode. This could be used to see how the router handles a flood of packets.Use of this command is restricted to root.
-i: allows users to specify the amount of time in seconds to wait between sending consecuive packets.This could be a useful way to space out packets for extended runs or for use with scripts.
-n: restricts output to numeric form. This is useful if you are having DNS problems.
-v for verbose output.
-q and -Q for quiet output.
-s allws one to specify how much data to send (8 is the minimum)Setting the packet size can help in diagnosing a problem caused by path Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) settings (the largest frame size that can be sent on the path) or fragmentation problems.
-p option allows one to specify a pattern for the data included within he packet after the timestamp. One might use this if he/she thinks have data-dependent problems.

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