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Date Posted: 23:03:35 06/24/07 Sun
Author: Anandan
Subject: route command
In reply to: Anandan 's message, "Networking - Software tools" on 05:41:31 01/10/07 Wed

The route command on a Linux system produces the following:
# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.9.50 indlocal.nmswor 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0
indlocal.nmswor * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0
92.168.9.0 10.7.139.101 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
10.7.150.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
default 10.65.0.31 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

1. Destination field may represent a destination host IP or a Network IP address.
2. Gateway defines the address of the next hop router to which the packet is delivered.
3. GenMask field defines the mask applied for the entry. Using the field you may understand whether classless subnetting/supernetting concept is used.

4. Flags: This field defines upto five flags. Flags are on/off switches that signify either presence or absence. The five flags are U (up), G (gateway), H (host-specific), D (added by redirection), and M (modified by redirection).
a) U (up) flag indicates the router is up and running. If this flag is not present, it means that the router is down. The packet cannot be forwarded and is discarded.
b) G (gateway) means that the destination is in another network. The packet is delivered to the next-hop router for delivery (indirect delivery). When this flag is missing, it means the destination is in this network.
c) H (host-specific) indicates that the entry in the network address field is a host-specific address. When it is missing, it means that the address is only the network addressof the destination.
d) D (added by redirection) indicates that the routing information for this destination has been added to the host routing table by a redirection message from ICMP.
e) M (modified by redirection) flag indicates that the routing information for this destination has been modified by a redirection message from ICMP.

5. Ref - This field gives the number of users that are using this route at the moment. For example, if five people at the same time are connecting to the same host from this router, the value of this column is 5.

6. Use field shows the number of packets transmitted through this router for the corresponding destination.

7. Interface field shows the name of the interface.

8. Metric field normally represent the cost for the destination, some time it may represent the priority etc.

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