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Date Posted: 15:06:39 05/22/13 Wed
Author: On November 1, 1683 New York Capital Albany 24 Eagle Street
Subject: July 26, 1788 (11th)Nickname(s): The Empire StateMotto(s): Excelsior (Latin)[1]Ever upward

On November 1, 1683, the Province of New York was split into counties, with Albany County being the largest. At that time the county included all of present New York State north of Dutchess and Ulster Counties in addition to present-day Bennington County, Vermont, theoretically stretching west to the Pacific Ocean;[23][24] the city of Albany became the county seat.[25] Albany was formally chartered as a municipality by provincial Governor Thomas Dongan on July 22, 1686. The Dongan Charter was virtually identical in content to the charter awarded to the city of New York three months earlier.[26] Dongan created Albany as a strip of land 1 mile (1.6 km) wide and 16 miles (26 km) long.[27] Over the years Albany would lose much of the land to the west and annex land to the north and south. At this point, Albany had a population of about 500 people.[28]

In 1754, representatives of seven British North American colonies met in the Stadt Huys, Albany's city hall, for the Albany Congress; Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania presented the Albany Plan of Union there, which was the first formal proposal to unite the colonies.[29] Although it was never adopted by Parliament, it was an important precursor to the United States Constitution.[30][Note 6] The same year, the French and Indian War, the fourth in a series of wars dating back to 1689, began; it ended in 1763 with French defeat, resolving a situation that had been a constant threat to Albany and held back its growth.[31] In 1775, with the colonies in the midst of the Revolutionary War, the Stadt Huys became home to the Albany Committee of Correspondence (the political arm of the local revolutionary movement), which took over operation of Albany's government and eventually expanded its power to control all of Albany County. Tories and prisoners of war were often jailed in the Stadt Huys alongside common criminals.[32] In 1776, Albany native Philip Livingston signed the Declaration of Independence at Independence Hall in Philadelphia.[33]

During and after the Revolutionary War, Albany County saw a great increase in real estate transactions. After Horatio Gates' win over John Burgoyne at Saratoga in 1777, the upper Hudson Valley was generally at peace as the war raged on elsewhere. Prosperity was soon seen all over Upstate New York. Migrants from Vermont and Connecticut began flowing in, noting the advantages of living on the Hudson and trading at Albany, while being only a few days' sail from New York City.[34] Albany reported a population of 3,498 in the first national census in 1790, an increase of almost 700% since its chartering.[28] In 1797, the state capital of New York was moved permanently to Albany. From statehood to this date, the Legislature had frequently moved the state capital between Albany, Kingston, Hurley, Poughkeepsie, and the city of New York.[35] Albany is the tenth-oldest state capital, but the second-oldest state capital city, in the United States, after Santa Fe, New Mexico.[36]
==========================
Admission to Union July 26, 1788 (11th)

Nickname(s): The Empire State
Motto(s): Excelsior (Latin)[1]
Ever upward

Settled1614
Incorporation as city1686
GovernmentAlbany City Hall
- location24 Eagle Street
- coordinates42396N 734516W / 42.65167N 73.75444W / 42.65167; -73.75444
MayorGerald Jennings (D)

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