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Date Posted: 02:12:53 06/19/02 Wed
Author: Anhel
Subject: Ãåðî¿÷íà ÷åðâîíà àðì³ÿ - òà ðåà볿

http://www.radiosvoboda.org/programs/history/2002/05/20020508083149.asp

Ìàð’ÿíà Äðà÷

Ïðàãà, 8 òðàâíÿ 2002 - Íà Çàõîä³ ç’ÿâëÿþòüñÿ íîâ³ äàí³ ïðî ìàñîâ³ çëî÷èíè ×åðâîíî¿ àð쳿 ó ªâðîï³ â îñòàíí³ ì³ñÿö³ Äðóãî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè. Àâòîð íîâî¿ êíèãè íà öþ òåìó, â³äîìèé áðèòàíñüêèé ³ñòîðèê Åíòîí³ Á³âîð (Beevor) ñòâåðäæóº, ùî âñüîãî áóëî ç´âàëòîâàíî 2 ì³ëüéîíè í³ìîê. Íåìàëî ç íèõ ï³ñëÿ öüîãî íàêëàëè íà ñåáå ðóêè. Àëå ðàäÿíñüê³ ñîëäàòè ïåðåêîíóâàëè ñåáå ó òîìó, ùî íàñèëëÿ º ñïðàâåäëèâîþ ïîìñòîþ.

Ç-ï³ä ïåðà áðèòàíñüêîãî äîñë³äíèêà Åíòîí³ Á³âîðà âèéøëî âæå ê³ëüêà áåñòñåëåð³â ïðî ³ñòîð³þ Äðóãî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè, ñåðåä ÿêèõ "Ñòàë³íãðàä" – êíèãà, ùî îòðèìàëà ëåäü íå êîæíó ìîæëèâó ë³òåðàòóðíó ïðåì³þ íà Çàõîä³. Îñòàíí³é äîðîáîê Á³âîðà -"Ïàä³ííÿ Áåðë³íà" - ùîéíî îïóáë³êîâàíî ó Âåëèê³é Áðèòàí³¿. Óæå ãîòóþòüñÿ ïåðåêëàäè, à 10-ãî òðàâíÿ äîêóìåíòàëüíèé ô³ëüì ïðî ðîáîòó íàä êíèãîþ çáèðàºòüñÿ ïîêàçàòè áðèòàíñüêèé òåëåêàíàë Á³-á³-ñ³-2. Îäíà ç ãîëîâíèõ òåì, ÿêó ïîðóøóº Á³âîð, öå äîëÿ æ³íîê, ÿê³ áóëè æåðòâàìè íàñèëëÿ ×åðâîíî¿ àð쳿.

Áðèòàíñüêèé ³ñòîðèê öèòóº ñïîãàäè Íàòàë³ ¥åññå, ñîðàòíèö³ Àíäð³ÿ Ñàõàðîâà, ÿêà â ÷àñè â³éíè áóëà ôðîíòîâèì êîðåñïîíäåíòîì. "Ðàäÿíñüê³ ñîëäàòè ´âàëòóâàëè êîæíó í³ìêó â³êîì â³ä 8-ìè äî 80-òè, öå áóëà àðì³ÿ ´âàëò³âíèê³â," - ñòâåðäæóº âîíà. Ðàäÿíñüêèé ìàéîð â ³íòåðâ’þ áðèòàíñüêîìó æóðíàë³ñòîâ³ ó ò³ ÷àñè ç³çíàâñÿ: "Íàø³ ñîëäàòè íàñò³ëüêè ñêó÷èëè çà ñåêñîì, ùî ´âàëòóâàëè ³ æ³íîê 60-70-òè ðîê³â, íà çäèâóâàííÿ áàáóñü, ÿêùî íå íà ðàä³ñòü." À îäèí ³ç ðîñ³éñüêèõ âåòåðàí³â íå ïðèõîâóº ³ çàäîâîëåííÿ: "Òàì ó ͳìå÷÷èí³ ì³ëüéîíè íàøèõ. "

Ñòàòèñòèêó ïðî ç´âàëòóâàííÿ çáèðàëè í³ìåöüê³ ë³êàðí³. Çà äàíèìè äâîõ ãîëîâíèõ ãîñï³òàë³â Áåðë³íà, ê³ëüê³ñòü æåðòâ ó í³ìåöüê³é ñòîëèö³ ñòàíîâèëà â³ä 95 äî 130 òèñÿ÷. Îäèí ³ç ë³êàð³â ïðèïóñêàº, ùî êîæíà äåñÿòà æ³íêà çãîäîì ïîìåðëà, ïåðåâàæíî íàêëàâøè íà ñåáå ðóêè. Óñüîãî æ, ÿê ï³äðàõóâàâ áðèòàíñüêèé ³ñòîðèê, òðàãåä³þ ïåðåæèëè 2 ì³ëüéîíè í³ìåöüêèõ æ³íîê, íåìàëî ç íèõ, ÿêùî íå á³ëüø³ñòü, çàçíàëè ãðóïîâèõ ç´âàëòóâàíü. ª äîêóìåíòàëüí³ äîêàçè ³ ïðî òå, ùî æåðòâàìè íàñèëëÿ áóëè íå ëèøå í³ìêè, à ïîëüêè, óêðà¿íêè, á³ëîðóñêè – æ³íêè, ÿêèõ âèâåçëè äî ͳìå÷÷èíè íà ðàáñüêó ïðàöþ.  ³íòåðâ’þ ðàä³î "Ñâîáîäà" áðèòàíñüêèé ³ñòîðèê Åíòîí³ Á³âîð çàçíà÷èâ: "Ìàáóòü, íàéá³ëüøå âðàæຠç òîãî, ùî ïîòðàïèëî íàì äî ðóê, òàê öå äóæå äåòàëüíèé ðàïîðò çàñòóïíèêà íà÷àëüíèêà ïîë³òè÷íîãî â³ää³ëó Ïåðøîãî Óêðà¿íñüêîãî ôðîíòó, ÿêèé ïîâ³äîìëÿº Öåíòðàëüíîìó Êîì³òåòîâ³ êîìñîìîëó ïðî ïîøèðåí³ ç´âàëòóâàííÿ ðîñ³éñüêèõ, óêðà¿íñüêèõ òà á³ëîðóñüêèõ æ³íîê ³ ä³â÷àò - òèõ, êîãî íàñèëüíî çàáðàëè äî ͳìå÷÷èíè ñèëè Âåðìàõòó ³ çìóñèëè äî ðàáñüêî¿ ïðàö³. Âñ³ ö³ ìîëîä³ æ³íêè ê³ëüêà ðîê³â ìîëèëèñÿ, ùîá ¿õ âèçâîëèëà ×åðâîíà àðì³ÿ, à ÷åðâîíîàðì³éö³ ¿õ ´âàëòóâàëè é çíóùàëèñÿ ç íèõ."

Òèì ÷àñîì óêðà¿íñüêèé ³ñòîðèê, àâòîð 12 êíèã ïðî Äðóãó ñâ³òîâó â³éíó ³êòîð Êîâàëü êàæå ðàä³î "Ñâîáîäà," ùî ðàäÿíñüêå êîìàíäóâàííÿ íå çàîõî÷óâàëî òàêèõ ó÷èíê³â, àëå äèâèëîñÿ íà íèõ êð³çü ïàëüö³. ³äîìà ³ ðåàêö³ÿ Ñòàë³íà. Äàë³ Â³êòîð Êîâàëü:

"³í êàçàâ, ùî ÷åðâîíîàðì³éö³ ´âàëò³âíèêè íå ÷èíèëè çëî÷èí³â, à ïðîñòî, ÿê â³í âèñëîâëþâàâñÿ, "øàëèëè," òîáòî íåâèííî ïóñòóâàëè. Ïðî öå ðîçïîâ³â ó 61-ìó ðîö³ þãîñëàâñüêèé êîìóí³ñò-äèñèäåíò ̳ëîâàí Äæ³ëàñ, ó ÿêîãî áóëè ïðî öå äóæå íåïðèºìí³ ðîçìîâè ç³ Ñòàë³íèì, òîìó, ùî â³í äåñü çãàäàâ ïðî ö³ êàçóñè, Ñòàë³í ïðî öå ä³çíàâñÿ ³ ñòðàøíî ðîçëþòóâàâ, ùî Äæ³ëàñ ãàíüáèòü Ðàäÿíñüêó àðì³þ. À ³ñòîðèêè, ÿñíå ä³ëî, öèì íå çàéìàëèñÿ âçàãàë³ ó íàñ."

³êòîð Êîâàëü ââàæàº, ùî ðàäÿíñüêèõ ñîëäàò íà íàñèëëÿ øòîâõàëà ñòàë³íñüêà ïðîïàãàíäà, ÿêà ïîñò³éíî òâåðäèëà ïðî ìàñîâ³ ç´âàëòóâàííÿ í³ìö³â íà îêóïîâàíèõ òåðèòîð³ÿõ.

Öå áóëî ðîçïàëþâàííÿ îäíîãî ç íàéñèëüí³øèõ ïîäðàçíèê³â, çäàòíèõ âïëèâàòè íà ÷îëîâ³÷èé ñêëàä àð쳿, ïîñèëþâàòè éîãî çàâçÿòòÿ ó â³éí³ ç âîðîãîì. Íàñïðàâä³, ÿê êàæå óêðà¿íñüêèé ³ñòîðèê, í³÷îãî ïîä³áíîãî í³ìö³ íå ðîáèëè:

"ß ñàì áóâ íà îêóïîâàí³é òåðèòîð³¿. Ìîæó öå ïîòâåðäèòè: ìåí³ áóëî â³ä 16 äî 18 ðîê³â ³ ÿ æèâ ó Êèºâ³ ³ áðîäèâ ïî ñåëàõ Êè¿âñüêî¿ ³ ×åðêàñüêî¿ îáëàñò³ çà õàð÷àìè, òàê ùî º ó ìåíå äîñâ³ä. ×îìó íå áóëî öüîãî íàñïðàâä³, áî òóò ä³ÿëà çàãàëüíà âèìîãà óòëåðà äî êîìàíäíîãî ñêëàäó í³ìåöüêî¿ àð쳿. Âîíà ïîëÿãàëà îñü ó ÷îìó: çàáîðîíÿòè ñåêñóàëüí³ êîíòàêòè í³ìåöüêèõ ñîëäàò³â òà îô³öåð³â ³ç ì³ñöåâèìè æ³íêàìè. Ìåòà çàáîðîíè áóëà ðàñèñòñüêà – íå ñ³ÿòè í³ìåöüê³ ãåíè ñåðåä ñëîâ’ÿíñüêîãî íàñåëåííÿ. ͳìåöüêå â³éñüêî áóëî äèñöèïë³íîâàíå ³ ïðî ñåêñóàëüíå íàñèëüñòâî íà îêóïîâàí³é òåðèòî𳿠ðîçìîâ íå áóëî âçàãàë³. Çâè÷àéíî, ó ì³ñòàõ ñåêñóàëüí³ çâ’ÿçêè ì³æ í³ìåöüêèìè ñîëäàòàìè ÷è îô³öåðàìè òà ì³ñöåâèìè æ³íêàìè áóëè, òîìó ùî íå âàæêî áóëî çíàéòè òàêèõ æ³íîê ñåðåä á³äóþ÷îãî ì³ñüêîãî íàñåëåííÿ. Íà ñåëàõ í³ìö³â óçàãàë³ íå áóëî, òîìó òàì áóëî ÷èñòî. Äî òîãî æ êîæåí í³ìåöüêèé ñîëäàò, íà â³äì³íó â³ä â³éñüêîâîñëóæáîâö³â ×åðâîíî¿ àð쳿, ùîðîêó îòðèìóâàâ ì³ñÿ÷íó â³äïóñòêó äîäîìó."

Çà ñâ³ä÷åííÿì ³êòîðà Êîâàëÿ, óêðà¿íñüêèõ ³ñòîðèê³â ìàëî ö³êàâèòü òåìà íàñèëëÿ ×åðâîíî¿ àð쳿 ó Çàõ³äí³é ªâðîï³. Çà ðàäÿíñüêèõ ÷àñ³â ³ñíóâàëà öåíçóðà, à ñüîãîäí³ çãàñ ³íòåðåñ ñóñï³ëüñòâà äî â³éíè çàãàëîì. Ïðî öþ ãàíåáíó ñòîð³íêó ³ñòî𳿠çàòå ä³çíàþòüñÿ ñîòí³ òèñÿ÷ ëþäåé íà Çàõîä³, ÿêèì ïîòðàïèòü äî ðóê êíèãà áðèòàíñüêîãî àâòîðà. Ç´âàëòóâàííÿ öå íå ïðîñòî ïîáóòîâà äðàìà ³, ÿê ñòâåðäæóº Åíòîí³ Á³âîð, ÷îëîâ³÷å ñàìîçàäîâîëåííÿ íå ìຠâèïðàâäàííÿ. Ïî䳿 1945-ãî ðîêó, íà éîãî äóìêó, ùå ðàç äîâîäÿòü, íàñê³ëüêè íåòðèâêèì ìîæå áóòè çîâí³øí³é áëèñê öèâ³ë³çàö³¿, ÿêùî íåìຠñòðàõó ïîêàðàííÿ.

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