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Date Posted: 23:39:41 08/12/06 Sat
Author: Wikipedia
Subject: Ryodox has vandalized, spammed, and unneutralized this page once again!

[[Image:David_Duke2.jpg|frame|David Duke]]

'''David Ernest Duke''' (born [[July 1]], [[1950]]) is a former [[Louisiana]] [[State legislature|State Representative]] and former leader of the [[Ku Klux Klan]].

He has made a number of unsuccessful political bids for higher office, including run for the Louisiana State House, Louisiana State Senate, United States Senate, United States House, [[governor]] of Louisiana and twice for [[president of the United States]]. In [[2002]] he pled guilty to tax evasion and fraud charges. He is a long-time [[New Orleans]] resident and the proud father of Erika and Kristin Duke. [http://www.nndb.com/people/210/000024138/]

==Youth & Early Adulthood, the Klan and first campaigns==

David Duke was born in [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa]], [[Oklahoma]] to David H. & Maxine Duke. As a Shell Oil engineer his fathers frequently moved his wife, David, and his sister Dotti to numerious locations around the world. The Duke's spent a short period of living in the [[Netherlands]] before they settled in [[Louisiana]]. Young David became interested in the white nationalist movement at an early age and joined the Klan in 1967. Duke went on to study at [[Louisiana State University]] in Baton Rouge and in 1970, he formed a [[caucasian]] campus-group known as the White Youth Alliance. That same year, he made himself known even more by demonstrating in swastika regalia to protest [[William Kunstler]]'s appearance at [[Tulane University]], LA. He was involved in the campus [[ROTC]], until he was kicked out due to his radical beliefs. In 1971, he went to [[Laos]] to teach English to Laotian military officers and serve on cargo flights for [[Air America]] over the course of ten weeks.

Duke returned to LSU, graduating in 1974. He became notorious on campus for wearing a [[Nazism|Nazi]] uniform, [[Ku Klux Klan]] apparel, and [[swastika]] paraphernalia while picketing and holding parties on the anniversary of the birth of [[Adolf Hitler]]. The year of his graduation, he was elected [[Grand Wizard]] of the [[Ku Klux Klan#Knights of the Ku Klux Klan|Knights of the Ku Klux Klan]]. He attracted attention for trying to modernize the Klan and turn it into a modern nationalist political force. For example, he changed the title of 'Grand Wizard' to 'National Director' and sported a conservative suit as opposed to the traditional white robe.

In 1976, Duke sought a seat in the Louisiana State Senate as a [[United States Democratic Party|Democrat]]. In 1978, he left the Klan and two years later formed the [[National Association for the Advancement of White People]] (NAAWP). In 1987, he conducted a direct-mail appeal using the identity and mailing-list of the [[Forsyth County Defense League]], in Georgia, without permission, which League officials described as a fund-raising "scam" (detailed in ''The Rise of David Duke'' by Tyler Bridges). In 1988, he ran in the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]] primary for President of the United States. After a dismal showing in the Democratic primaries, he appeared on many state ballots as the nominee of the [[Populist Party (United States)|Populist Party]] and received approximately 25,000 votes in the 1988 general election.

Using the [[pseudonym]] Dorothy Vanderbilt, Dr. Duke published a self-help book for women titled ''Finders-Keepers'' in 1976. The publication gives advice to women regarding vaginal exercises, [[fellatio]], [[anal sex]], and [[anilingus ]]. [http://archives.cjr.org/year/92/1/picayune.asp][http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/duke.asp] The manual is no longer in print and hard to find, however “The Picayune”, a local Mississippi newspaper, managed to find a copy and trace the trail of it’s proceeds to the original author via the publisher.

In the 1980s, he was heavily involved in [[gambling]] and [[stock market]] investments, which were covered by the [[Times-Picayune]], as well as by others. [[Columbia Journalism Review]], [http://archives.cjr.org/year/92/1/picayune.asp ''THE PICAYUNE CATCHES UP WITH DAVID DUKE''] [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2248/is_n111_v28/ai_14605963/pg_5 ''Attitudes of Mississippi college students toward David Duke before and after seeing the film 'Who Is David Duke?'''] [[The Nation]], [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20060410/blumenthal ''Republicanizing the Race Card'']

In the latter years of the 1980s, Duke sought to revamp his appearance by undergoing [[plastic surgery]], and also shaved off his moustache following his election to the Louisiana House of Representatives.

In [[1984]] David Duke and wife [[Chloe Hardin]] were divorced. Hardin then moved to [[West Palm Beach]], [[Florida]] to be closer to her family. There she became involved with Duke’s childhood friend, [[Don Black]], whom she married several years later. [http://www.adl.org/poisoning_web/black.asp] In 1995, the Blacks began a small bulletin board service or [[BBS]] by the name [[Stormfront]]. Today, Stormfront has become the premier online forum for [[White Supremacy]] and [[White Nationalism]]. [http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=551] [http://www.nndb.com/people/210/000024138/][http://www.nationalist.org/alt/2000/nov/duke.html]

==The Louisiana legislature==

In [[1989]], he ran as a [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] for a seat representing [[Metairie, Louisiana|Metairie]] in the Louisiana State House of Representatives. He defeated fellow Republican John Treen, the brother of [[David Treen]], the first Republican to be elected governor of [[Louisiana]] since Reconstruction, by a narrow margin of 51-49 percent. Duke's victory came despite visits to the district in support of John Treen's candidacy by President [[George H.W. Bush]], former President [[Ronald Reagan]], and other [[GOP]] notables.

==Challenging Senator J. Bennett Johnston, Jr.==

In 1990, Duke challenged incumbent [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] Senator [[Bennett Johnston]] in the open primary as a Republican and received 44 percent of the vote, including more than 60 percent of the white vote, according to exit polls. Johnston was able to win re-election (and thus avoid a direct run-off with Duke) by receiving 53 percent of the vote. The endorsed Republican party candidate, State Senator Ben Baggert of [[New Orleans]], who had been supported by the Virginia Republican leader [[Oliver North]], withdrew from the race two days before the vote. Distressed national Republican officials had anticipated Baggert losing and fragmenting Johnston's support; so funding for Baggert's campaign was halted, and he dropped out though his name remained on the ballot. "Louisiana Republican Quits, Reducing Duke's Chances", ''[[Washington Post]]'', October 5, 1990. Republican Senator [[John C. Danforth]] of Missouri openly endorsed Democrat Johnston.

==Duke derails Roemer's gubernatorial reelection campaign==

Duke ran for governor as a [[United States Republican Party|Republican Party]] candidate, despite getting an official reproval (letter expressing the GOP's disdain for Duke's activities) from that party. In the open [[primary]], Duke was second to former governor [[Edwin Washington Edwards]] in votes; thus he faced Edwards in a runoff. Duke received 32 percent of the vote in that initial round, pushing incumbent Republican [[Buddy Roemer]] down to third place with 27 percent of the vote, effectively defeating Roemer's bid for re-election. The election garnered national media attention. While Duke had a small hard-core constituency of devoted admirers, many others in Louisiana voted for him as a "protest vote", in order to register dissatisfaction with Louisiana's establishment politicians.

Some dismissed the reports of Duke's having ties to [[neo-Nazi]] and KKK organizations as simple mud-slinging. {{fact}}

Between the primary and the runoff, technically called the "general election" under Louisiana's "jungle" primary (in which all candidates run on one ballot, regardless of party), Duke enjoyed the peak of his notoriety. White supremacist and [[far-right]] organizations from around the country contributed to his campaign fund. At the same time, Duke tried to distance himself from his more extreme views in public appearances while never officially repudiating them. Whenever reporters asked about his neo-Nazi and KKK ties, Duke refused to comment and denounced the reporters for trying to dig up dirt from the past. {{fact}}

Meanwhile, a large anti-Duke coalition threw its support to Edwards. His old rival Treen endorsed Edwards, who was widely perceived as corrupt, but the possibility of electing Duke as governor was seen as far worse. {{cn}} {{fact}}

A popular bumper sticker read "Vote for the Crook. It's Important." Ads and documentaries aired on [[television]] showing footage of Duke from earlier years at Klan rallies and acting as a [[neo-Nazi]] spokesman. {{fact}}

When a reporter asked Edwards what he needed to do to triumph over Duke, Edwards replied with a smile, "Stay alive." Duke lost the election by a wide margin. Edwards polled 1,057,031 (61.2 percent). Duke's 671,009 votes represented 38.8 percent of the total. Duke claimed, "I won my constituency. I won 55 percent of the white vote." In actuality, Duke had done little better in percent terms than the first major Republican gubernatorial candidate in modern Louisiana history, [[Charlton Lyons]], had done in 1964. {{fact}}

==A second Senate campaign, 1996==

In 1996, Duke ran again for the U.S. Senate, when Johnston announced his retirement. He polled 141,489 votes (11.5 percent). Republican former state representative Louis [[Woody Jenkins]] of [[Baton Rouge]] and Democrat [[Mary Landrieu]] of [[New Orleans]], the former state treasurer, went into the [[general election]] contest. Landrieu was declared the winner by some 4,000 votes. Duke's supporters are believed to have supported Jenkins.

== Race to succeed Bob Livingston ==

In [[1998]], Duke published his autobiography ''My Awakening: A Path to Racial Understanding''. In 1999, he again ran as a Republican in a special election for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. He finished third with 19 percent of the vote and failed to make the general election. This House seat opened when [[Bob Livingston]] of the New Orleans suburbs suddenly resigned when pornographer [[Larry Flynt]] threatened to expose Livingston's adulterous relationship with a woman. Former Governor Treen and State Representative [[David Vitter]] went into the general election, which Vitter won by a 51-49 percent margin over Treen. Duke endorsed Treen, perhaps as a way of embarrassing the former governor, who had supported Edwards over Duke in the 1991 gubernatorial general election.

In [[2000]] the former Republican supported [[Reform Party of the United States]] candidate [[Patrick J. Buchanan]] for President, eschewing the Republican Party that had never embraced him or his followers. He and his supporters contributed over $15,000 to Buchanan.[http://www.opensecrets.org/newsletter/ce72/06thirdparties.asp "Third Parties Struggle with Fundraising"], by By Krista Schlyer, [[Opensecrets.org]], accessed June 3, 2006

In [[2000]] David Duke published in [[Russia]] his latest controversial book: ''Jewish Supremacism: My Awakening on the Jewish Question.'' While the book's title leads one to believe it is a continuation of his first autobiographical work, the book instead purports to be a collection of historical documents that detail religious beliefs of Jewish supremacism since [[antiquity]]. The book is dedicated to [[Israel Shahak]], a controversial writer, who was an ardent critic of what he saw as supremacist religious teachings in modern Jewish culture. Duke denies the book is motivated by [[anti-Semitism]]. {{fact}}

On [[February 5]] [[2002]], Duke claimed on his [[Internet]] radio show that [[Ariel Sharon]] was "the world's worst terrorist" and that [[Mossad]] was involved in the [[9/11 attacks]]. The broadcast claimed that [[Zionists]] were behind the 9/11 in order to reduce sympathy for [[Muslim]] nations in the West, and claimed that the number of Israelis killed in the attack was lower than it would be under normal circumstances, citing early assessments by ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'' and "the legendary involvement of Israeli nationals in businesses at the [[World Trade Center]]". According to Duke, this indicated that Israeli security services had prior knowledge of the attack. [http://www.davidduke.com/?p=114&page=1] This conspiracy theory lacks substantial factual support and is widely disputed by the American public.

== Guilty Plea and Incarceration ==
David Duke pleaded guilty to [[Tax avoidance and tax evasion|tax evasion]] and [[mail fraud]] in December 2002. Four months later Duke was sentenced to 15 months in prison for his crimes. He served the time in [[Big Spring, Texas]]. He was also fined US $10,000, ordered to cooperate fully with the IRS, and to pay money still owed for his 1998 taxes. Following his release in [[May 2004]], Duke defended his public persona by announcing that his decision to plea guilty was motivated by the bias of [[Zionist]]s in [[United States federal court system]]. He claimed the charges were contrived to derail his political career and discredit him to his loyal [[White Nationalist]] followers.

Duke served 15 onths in prision for a six-year scheme to dupe thousands of his followers into contributing funds to the White Civil Rights cause. Through snail-mail, Duke later appealed to his supporters that he was about to lose his house and his life savings. Duke raised hundreds of thousands of dollars in this fraudulent campaign. It is alleged that Duke gambled away most of the funds he obtained, or used the money to pay off old debts related to gambling.

== Recent Activity ==
On [[May 29]] [[2004]], David Duke brought together in [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans]] leaders of the European Nationalist movement to sign an agreement that would "mainstream our cause". The ''[[New Orleans Protocol]]'' signatories pledged to avoid violence and internecine attacks. It was immediately signed by eight [[racialist]] [[far right]] figures of varying extremity, most representing organizations, including the notorious [[National Alliance]], and [[Stormfront (website)|Stormfront]]. Duke signed on behalf of his new organization, European-American Unity and Rights Organization (EURO), previously called '''N.O.F.E.A.R.''', the ''National Organization for European-American Rights'', until a legal challenge by fashion company [[No Fear|No Fear Inc.]] caused him to change it. {{fact}}

[[Image:David_Duke_doctorate.jpg|thumb|250px|right|David Duke receiving his History doctorate]]
In 2005, Duke teamed up with childhood friend [[Don Black (nationalist)|Don Black]] of Stormfront and delivered a one-hour webcast six days a week. Listeners of his show can ask their questions by either logging on to Stormfront's forums or sending Duke an e-mail. In addition, he tours Europe and the Middle East, promoting his book and rallying support and funding for EURO. On [[March 19]] [[2005]], for example, his audience at [[Pedro Varela]]'s Spanish nationalist bookshop in Barcelona was disrupted by an estimated fifty protestors. On [[June 3]] [[2005]], Duke co-chaired a conference "Zionism As the Biggest Threat to Modern Civilization" in Ukraine, sponsored by the [[Interregional Academy of Personnel Management]] (MAUP), reportedly the largest non-state university in [[Ukraine]]. The conference was attended by several notable Ukrainian public figures and politicians, and alleged [[anti-Semitic]] writer [[Israel Shamir]]
[http://www.adl.org/NR/exeres/B74CD7C8-4878-4EF8-A8BA-AFA79C54AE9D,18AA02A5-13A1-44F3-B4D4-6176E1ECC36C,frameless.htm]

In September 2005 Duke received a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] title in History from MAUP. His doctoral thesis was titled "Zionism as a Form of Ethnic Supremacism" [http://www.davidduke.com/index.php?p=394]. This was the Ukrainian private university from which Duke had previously received a [[honorary degree|honorary doctorate]]. MAUP's "anti-Semitic actions" were "strongly condemned" by Foreign Minister of Ukraine [[Borys Tarasyuk]] and various Civil Rights organizations. [http://www.ukraineinfo.us/embassy/press-releases/press-releases-06/060125.html],
[http://www.brama.com/news/press/2006/01/060127uacc_MAUP-condemnation.html], [http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/012506MAUP.shtml], [http://www.adl.org/PresRele/ASInt_13/4851_13.htm]

On [[November 24]], [[2005]], Duke visited [[Syria]], addressing a rally, which was broadcast on Syrian television, and later giving an interview. [http://www.memritv.org/Transcript.asp?P1=941 "American White Supremacist David Duke: Israel Makes the Nazi State Look Very Moderate"], interview with [[David Duke]] on Syrian television, the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), November 25, 2005. Clip of the interview and of Duke's speech to a Syrian rally can be viewed [http://www.memritv.org/Search.asp?ACT=S1# here]. During the rally, he referred to [[Israel]] as a war-mongering country, and said that "[[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], [[New York City|New York]] and [[London]] and many other capitals of the world" are "occupied by the [[Zionism|Zionists]]." During the interview, he said that Israel "makes the [[Nazi]] state look very, very moderate." Syrian parliament member Muhammad Habash replied that Duke’s visit gave Syrians a "new and very positive view of the average American." [http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=93809]

In late 2005, Duke lost his home in New Orleans because of [[Hurricane Katrina]], which struck while he was in northern Europe. {{fact}}

Since 2005 Duke has appeared three times on "Current Issues," a [[Lafayette, Louisiana]]–based television show hosted and produced by Palestinian-American [[Hesham Tillawi]], which has recently been picked up by Bridges TV. Tillawi afforded Duke the opportunity to discourse at length about his beliefs about 'Jewish supremacism'. In an appearance on the show in October 2005, Duke also added that Jewish extremists are responsible for undermining the morality of America and are attempting to "wash the world in blood."[http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/hesham_tillawi.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=2&item=tillawi]

After John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt's paper on [[The Israel Lobby]] appeared in March 2006, David Duke praised the paper in a number of articles on his website, on his March 18 Live Web Radio Broadcast, and on [[MSNBC]]'s March 21 ''[[Scarborough Country]]'' program.[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11959495/ 'Scarborough Country' for March 21], show transcript, ''MSNBC'', March 21 2006.According to the [[New York Sun]], Duke said in an email, "It is quite satisfying to see a body in the premier American University essentially come out and validate every major point I have been making since even before the war even started." Duke added that "the task before us is to wrest control of America's foreign policy and critical junctures of media from the Jewish extremist Neocons that seek to lead us into what they expectantly call World War IV."

Stephen Walt responded, "I have always found Mr. Duke's views reprehensible, and I am sorry he sees this article as consistent with his view of the world."Eli Lake, [http://www.nysun.com/article/29380 David Duke Claims to Be Vindicated By a Harvard Dean], ''New York Sun'', March 20, 2006.

On the weekend of June 8-10, 2006, Duke attended as a speaker at the international "White World's Future" conference in [[Moscow]], which was coordinated and hosted by Pavel Tulaev.[http://www.davidduke.com/?p=581]

In [[2004]] Duke’s bodyguard, roommate, and longtime associate by the name of [[Roy Armstrong]] made a bid for the [[United States House of Representatives]] to serve Louisiana's First Congressional District. Armstrong lost the election handily to [[Bobby Jindal]], an [[Indian-American]] despite Duke acting as the head campaign advisor. [http://www.bayoubuzz.com/articles.aspx?aid=2044] [http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/KKK-Duke-Home-Raided.htm]

===Political Perspectives===

Duke is best known for his controversial views regarding race and politics. He is a self-styled [[White nationalism|white nationalist]] and is usually regarded as a [[White supremacy|white supremacist]] and a [[neo-Nazi]] by most political and civil rights organizations. {{fact}}Duke denies this description, stating that he is a "racial realist" and that he believes "all people have a basic human right to preserve their own heritage." [http://www.davidduke.com/index.php?p=266]

Duke is the president of the ''[[European-American Unity and Rights Organization]]'' (EURO), and remains a political activist against [[affirmative action]] as well as non-European immigration into the United States. Duke has gained an audience in [[Ukraine]] and the [[Arab world]] for his ideologies opposing [[Jew]]s and [[Zionism]]. In September 2005, Duke received a [[Ph.D.]] in History from the Ukrainian [[Interregional Academy of Personnel Management]] (MAUP), writing his doctoral thesis on "Zionism as a Form of Ethnic Supremacism." MAUP is a large university accredited by Ukraine's Ministry of Education, and is considered by various Civil Rights organizations as the main source of [[Anti-Semitism|anti-Semitic]] activity and publishing in [[Ukraine]]. [http://www.adl.org/main_Anti_Semitism_International/maup_ukraine.htm]

He is the author of two books, his autobiography, ''My Awakening'', and recently ''Jewish Supremacism''. Both books have been successful overseas and are now translated and published in 9 languages. {{fact}}

David Duke has expressed his support for [[Ernst Zündel]] and his [[Holocaust Denial]] campaign. Duke believes the [[Holocaust]] was a hoax designed to draw international sympathy for [[Zionist]] causes. [http://www.nationalvanguard.org/story.php?id=4667]

Currently, Duke expresses concern for the aging Zündel on his website calling him a "political prisoner" after Zündel was deported from [[Canada]] to [[Germany]]. [http://www.davidduke.com/index.php?p=263] Zündel is being held in a [[German]] prision on charges of defaming the dead, in this case, the 6,000,000 victims of the [[Holocaust]].[http://www.adl.org/learn/Ext_US/zundel.asp?xpicked=2&item=zundel]

==Works==

*Duke, David "Jewish Supremacism [http://www.davidduke.com/index.php?p=129]" (Free Speech Pr, 2003; 350 pages) ISBN 1892796058
* Duke, David "My Awakening" [http://www.davidduke.com/index.php?p=130] (Free Speech Books, 1998; 736 pages) ISBN 1892796007

==References==



==Further reading==

{{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.davidduke.com David Duke's official web site]
* [http://www.whitecivilrights.com/ European-American Unity and Rights Organization (EURO), David Duke, President]
* [http://www.nationalist.org/docs/cartoons/2004/crock.html ''Jailhouse Crock''] Critique of David Duke's fund-raising
* [http://usa.altermedia.info/index.php?p=357&more=1&c=1 "The truth about David Duke" by one of Duke's European Friends]
* [http://usa.altermedia.info/index.php?p=22&more=1&c=1 "The Federal Persecution of David Duke" by Duke's childhood friend Don Black]
* [http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/davidduke1.html Federal Indictment of David Duke on mail fraud and filing false tax return]
*"[http://www.newhousenews.com/archive/mcquaid041403.html Ex-Klan Leader Is Popular in Europe, Mideast, Even as He Heads to Jail Here]" Times-Picayune, New Orleans April 13, 2003 by John McQuaid,
*[http://www.xkkk.org Ex Klan leader Johnny Lee Clary was Dukes bodyguard and speaks about the KKK]Web page with many articles by ex Klan leader]
*[http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/051122/2005112209.html David Duke in Damascus to express solidarity with Syria] November 22, 2005.
*Bridges, Tyler "The Rise of David Duke" (Mississippi University Press, 1995; 300 pages) ISBN 0878056785
*Rose; Douglas D. ''The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race'' University of North Carolina Press. 1992
*Zatarain, Michael "David Duke: Evolution of a Klansman" (Pelican Publishing Company, 1990; Gretna, Louisiana; 304 pages) ISBN 0882898175

[[Category:Racism|Duke, David]]
[[Category:Members of the Louisiana House of Representatives|Duke, David]]
[[Category:United States presidential candidates|Duke, David]]
[[Category:American activists|Duke, David]]
[[Category:White nationalists|Duke, David]]
[[Category:Ku Klux Klan members|Duke, David]]
[[Category:Anti-Semitic people|Duke, David]]
[[Category:Neo-Nazis|Duke, David]]
[[Category:American criminals|Duke, David]]
[[Category:American fraudsters|Duke, David]]
[[Category:American tax evaders|Duke, David]]
[[Category:Louisiana politicians|Duke, David]]
[[Category:1950 births|Duke, David]]
[[Category:Living people|Duke, David]]
[[Category:People from Louisiana|Duke, David]]
[[Category:People from Oklahoma|Duke, David]]
[[Category:Criminals|Duke, David]]
[[Category:Louisiana Republicans|Duke, David]]
[[Category:neo-Nazis|Duke, David]]
[[Category:Holocaust denial|Duke, David]]
[[Category:Crimes|Duke, David]]

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