You're right. That passage (Lk 13:10-13) teaches nothing, absolutely nothing, about marriage. It does not say whether the woman was married already, a widow, or too old to marry anyway. It does not even care, since this passage is not about marriage.
It's a typical example of how UBF leaders read their own "theology" into the Bible. Then they call this "Bible study." In reality, it's a hattrick. He pulled that "marriage problem" teaching from that passage like a magician pulls a bunny out of a hat. And the UBF audience is amazed and enchanted. They don't examine the whole thing too closely in order to not destroy their beloved illusions.