| Subject: ID's 260-266 |
Author:
Keith Reed
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Date Posted: 17:17:49 05/22/02 Wed
In reply to:
Patrick
's message, "MISSING IDs" on 16:48:58 05/22/02 Wed
260) Vicente Fox: his election of president of Mexico in july 200o represented the culmination of a long process of political reform. Mexico’s old one party regime had finally broken down and democratic institutions have definitively taken its place. He’s focusing his platform on eliminating the authoritarian enclaves existent from past regimes.
261) Liberals (Colombia): more influenced by industrial, liberal-democratic powers of the 19th –century, generally argued for federalism, separation of church and state and free-trade economic policies.
262) Conservatives (Colombia): emphasized close cooperation between church and state, a strong central administration and protectionism.
263) ANUC: asociacion nacional de usurios campesinos created by reformists liberal president carlos LLeras to serve as a “pressure group” in favor of land reform and as a potential mass base for a future reelection bid. I t became radicalized and sponsored by numerous land invasions. The government responded by withdrawing financial support thus diving the organization and repressing its more radical leaders.
264) “oligarchical democracy” in Colombia: an exclusion of alternatives to the two traditional elite parties. The result was disenfranchisement of large portion of the electorate. After La Violencia, this party system developed into the National Front, in which Liberals and Conservatives agreed to alternate in presidency and share power, reducing elections to a ritual act in which fewer and fewer Colombians bothered to participate.
265) Andres Pastrana: Colombian conservative president elected in 1998. He ordered a halt in guerilla government attacks and their withdrawal from a demilitarized zone the size of Switzerland, while also offering to negotiate their reincorporation into Colombian political life. It remains to be seen whether these negotiations will succeed in solving threats to Colombian sovereignty.
266) Cesar Gaviria: elected president of Colombia in 1990, Gaviria’s platform opposed drug trafficking but pledged to peace. He opted for a new approach to the country’s drug lords and guerillas: negotiation and compromise. He guaranteed that if the Medillin cartel turned themselves in and cooperated with prosecutors, his government would not extradite them to the US. As a result two of most powerful heads of the cartels, Pablo Escobar and the Ochoas, turned themselves in. In the writing of the first constitution since 1886, Gaviria made sure that the constitutional assembly included reps outside of traditional parties and elites. The result was a constition that represented the long-awaited popular soverienty, that was missing in Columbia’s democracy. Also guerilla groups were guaranteed seats in this assembly if the guerilla groups ended their rebellion. This negotiation proved successful for four out of the six guerilla groups, including the M-19 and the ELN, whom put down their arms and participated with the constitutional assembly. However, the Cali cartel brought an emergence of major guerilla group movements that renewed the crisis in Colombia
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