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Date Posted: 19:11:42 02/04/03 Tue
Author: jo-dan
Subject: ch24 notes: Here's and idea......

ok so it takes forever to post ALL my notes, so here they are! posted all together! yes, i'm a genuis(no, im really not!) but it's just that i always have to post them one by one when they are all together when i type them so, here are all the notes i did for chapter 24! enjoy!
love always,
jordan
p.s.
if u really dont like this format, let me know cuz i can always go back to posting one by one, it's no biggie!



I. The “American Plan”
A. Protecting the open shop
i. many laborers could not organize b/c of the strength of the corporations
a. after 1919, corporate leaders worked hard to spread the idea that a crucial element of democratic capitalism was the protection of open shop
- open shop is any shop or factory in which no worker is required to join a union
ii. the crusade for open shop entitled, the “American Plan,” received endorsement from the National Association of Manufacturers in 1920
a. this became a pretext for a harsh campaign of union busting across the country
B. Corporate Leaders Efforts to Eliminate Unions
i. at first, corporate leaders tried to eliminate unions alone and accomplished nothing
a. soon, the government was helping the corporate leaders
- 1921, the supreme court upheld a lower court’s ruling that declared picketing illegal and supported the rights of courts to issue injunctions against strikers
ii. 1922, justice department intervened to stop a strike by 400,000 railroad workers
iii. 1924, courts refused to give protection to the united mine workers
a. mine owners launched a violent campaign in western Pennsylvania to drive union workers from the coal fields
- as a result, of these developments, union membership declined from 5 mil in 1920 to under 3 mil in 1929



I. The “Flapper”: Image and Reality
A. New, secular views of womanhood had effects on women beyond the middle class
i. women were throwing away rigid, Victorian female respectabilities
a. they could smoke, drink, dance, wear seductive clothes and makeup, attend lively parties, and strive for physical and emotional fulfillment
b. Freudian ideas of the 1920s that had been simplified and distorted contributed to the growth of these impulses
B. The “Flapper”
i. the large working class of women who wanted a more liberated lifestyle
a. they expressed their liberation in dress, hairstyle, speech and behavior
b. many young, affluent, upper-class, ‘bohemian” women copied the working class b/c they liked the style
ii. despite all of this, women were still mostly financially dependant on men



I. The Harlem Renaissance
A. Harlem, NYC
i. once an affluent white suburb
a. after WWI, became one of the largest and most and most influential African-American communities
B. The Harlem Renaissance
i. a new generation of black artists and intellectuals created the flourishing afro-american culture known to whites as the Harlem Renaissance
a. nightclubs were a place for talented jazz musicians to play
- Cotton Club
-- home to such future greats as Duke Ellington, Jelly Roll Morton, and Fletcher Henderson
b. many white New Yorkers traveled to Harlem to see these black artists
ii. literature in the harlem renaissance
a. black artists were demonstrating the richness of their own heritage while trying to prove their race was worthy of respect
b. Alain Locke- published a collection of writings in 1925 called The New Negro
- others include Langston Hughes, Zora Neales Hurtson, Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, and James Weldon Johnson
iii. Painters in the harlem renaissance
a. most notably, Aaron Douglas
- chronicled the afro-american experience through art
- soon was asked to create important murals in universities and public buildings
* the harlem renaissance not only helped advance afro-american art and culture, but brought its products to the attention of the larger society in ways that had tremendous impacts on both blacks and whites
* at the time, the leaders of the harlem renaissance didn’t know the affect they had in the future of blacks in America


I. Nativism and the Klan
A. Government Actions against immigration
i. 1921, congress passes an emergency immigration bill
a. this establishes a quota system that said immigration from any country could not exceed 3% of the number of people that nationality had living in the US in 1910
b. this cut immigration from 800,000/yr to 300,000/yr
c. the nativists remained unsatisfied
ii. National Origins Act of 1924
a. banned immigration from east asia entirely
- this hurt the Japanese mostly b/s china had been cut off from immigration since 1892
b. European percentage of immigrants went from 3% to 2%
c. the quota was not based on the 1910 percentage, but the 1890 percentage instead
d. the only semi-acceptable immigrants were northwestern eupropeans (people of ‘nordic’ or teutonic’ origins)
iii. 5 years later, a further restriction set a limit of 150,000 immigrants/yr
a. in the years that followed, immigration officials seldom permitted ˝ that number
B. The New Klan
i. 1915, the new Klan is re-founded in Atlanta, Georgia
a. at first, the Klan was largely concerned w/ intimidating blacks
- after WWI, the Klan became concerned w/ catholics, jews, and foreigners
- this spread quickly throughout the US
C. The KKK’s new approaches
i. the creation of women’s and children’s auxiliaries spread the Klan ideas
a. these groups, including the Klan itself, terrorized blacks, jews, caholics, and foreigners
b. they terrorized them by:
- boycotting their businesses
- threatening their families
- and attempting to drive them out of the communities
D. Defending “Traditional Values”
I. the Klan was fighting not just to preserve racial homogeneity, but to defend its definition of a traditional culture against the values and morals of modernity
ii. the Klan provided its members w/ a sense of brotherhood and authority in its communities
a. despite all the women joining the Klan, the men kept the women in “traditional gender roles”
- women didn’t realize this and just saw their meetings as opportunities for activism and involvement within the confines of the conventional female “spheres”
E. the decline of the KKK
i. after 1925, internal power struggles brought down the KKK


I. Harding and Coolidge
A. Warren G. Harding
i. elected president in 1920
a. didn’t accomplish much
B. The Teapot Dome Scandal
i. Harding appointed men like Harry Daugherty and Albert B. Fall (both men who helped Harding gain the presidency) to his cabinet
a. these men were a part of a so called Ohio Gang
ii. this scandal involved rich naval oil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, California
a. at Fall’s urging, Harding transferred control of the reserves from the navy to the interior department
b. Fall, in turn, leased the reserves to 2 wealthy businessmen in order to ease his private financial concerns
- Fall was convicted of bribery and sent to a year in prison; Harry Daugherty narrowly escaped a similar fate
iii. not long after, Harding went on a speaking tour of the west where he was mis-diagnosed w/ food poisoning and actually died of 2 major heart attacks
C. Calvin Coolidge
i. Coolidge gained his parties nomination for vice-presidency after he showed his disapproval of the Boston Police Strike that year
a. Coolidge did not do much as president, he claimed the government should interfere as little as possible in the life of the nation
ii. he ran for president again in 1924 and won, he chose not to run in 1928

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