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Date Posted: 19:09:57 02/11/03 Tue
Author: Bezzzath
Subject: Ch25 beth's section sorry girls

African American and the Depression
A. African-American Suffering
1. Experienced more unemployment, homelessness, malnutrition then whites
a. When prices of cotton collapse it left some with no income at all
b. White now took over the usual black jobs: janitors
2. White wanted all blacks dismissed from his job
a. 1930 the Black Shirts slogan was “No Jobs for Niggers Until Every White Man Has a Job!”
b. By 1932 over ½ of the blacks didn’t have a job
3. 1930s about 400,000 blacks went North
a. Conditions were respects little better
B. Scottsboro Case
1. Segregation and disfranchisement in the South survived the Depression
2. March of 1931, nine black teenagers were taken off a freight train and arrested for vagrancy and disorder
a. Later accused of rape by two white women
b. In, an all white jury, Alabama quickly convicted the “Scottsboro boys”
i. Sentenced eight of them to death
3. The Supreme Court overturned the convictions
a. In a series of new trials it got national attention
b. The International Labor Defense helped the case, so did the NAACP
c. Eventually they all gained their freedom
C. NAACP’s Changing Role
1. Working hard to win a position for blacks with in the emerging labor movement
2. Congress of Industrial Organizations to help brake down the racial barriers within labor unions
a. Walter White helped

Depression Values
A. Prosperity and industrial growth
1. Social values
B. Persistence of the “Success Ethic”
1. The individual was in control of his or her fate
a. That anyone showing talent could become a success
2. They looked to government for assistance
a. Also blamed corporate moguls
C. Self Blame
1. The survival of the fittest was going down
a. People were traumatized by the Depression
b. Suddenly found themselves without jobs
c. Started blaming themselves
2. Refused to leave their homes
3. Restore themselves to prosperity and success
a. Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People
b. Self help manual telling individual initiative

The Hoover Program
A. Failure of Voluntarism
1. Attempt to restore public confident in the economy
a. Pleaded businessmen not to cut production or lay off workers
b. Economic conditions had deteriorated so much that the structure of voluntary cooperation collapsed
B. Agricultural Marketing Act
1. Hoover gave money to the big business, however it was not enough to reach the smaller one
a. Trickling effect
2. He worried more about the budget
a. Raised taxes
3. A. M. Act. helped framers maintain prices
a. Tried to protect the farmers by raising the tariff
4. Hawley-Smoot Tariff
a. Protection on seventy-five farms
C. Hoover’s Declining Popularity
1. Saw the Depression a slum in the economy, which would eventuality go away
a. “Hoovervilles”
D. Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Provide federal loans to troubled banks, railroads, and other businesses

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