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Date Posted: 19:40:29 11/25/02 Mon
Author: Jowdan
Subject: Ch16 - The Western Tribes

I. The Western Tribes
A. Caste System
i. top- Spanish and Mexican – owned largest homes and controlled trading
ii. then Pueblos
iii. bottom – Apaches, Navajos, and others – some captured in war and enslaved for a while, others voluntarily left the tribes
a. those who had no tribes were known as genizaros
iv. this elaborate Spanish hierarchy reflected the southwest’s obsession with ancestry
B. Plains Indians
i. a diverse group of tribes and language groups
a. some formed alliances, others were in constant conflict
b. some were farmers, others hunters
ii. similar traits of different tribes:
- cultures based on close and extended family networks, and on an intimate relationship w/ nature
- tribes generally divided into bands
ii. Bands
a. up to 500 men and women, usually made up of highly interrelated people
b. jobs given by gender:
- women: largely domestic and artistic
- men: hunters and traders. Supervised religious and military of the band
c. most plains Indians centered a religion on the spiritual power of the natural world
C. Importance of the Buffalo
i. ecomonic basis of life
a. flesh – used for eating
b. skin – material for clothes, shoes, tepees, blankets, robes and utensils
c. buffalo chips (dried manure) – used as fuel
d. bones – arrow tips
e. tendons – arrow bows
D. Weaknesses
i. largest – unable to come together as a whole unit to fight
ii. often distracted during war w/ whites by inter-tribe skirmishes
iii. many were very vulnerable to eastern disease, especially smallpox

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