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Date Posted: 21:55:26 09/29/02 Sun
Author: Jordan
Subject: Ch7 - Medicine ad Science

I.Medicine and Science
A.The first American medical school was established at the University of Pennsylvania in the 18th century
i.in early 18th century, however, many people became doctors through studying under established practitioners
a. some physicians believed in applying scientific methods to medicine and struggled against age-old superstitions
-teaching anatomy was especially difficult because of the dissecting of cadavers and the study involved
b.municipal authorities were baffled by epidemics and diseases that swept through the towns so frequently.
-very slowly they began to listen to Benjamin Rush, who told them that inadequate sanitation programs were to blame for diseases
B.Benjamin Rush
i.employed the dangerous and useless treatment such as bleeding and purging
a. many of his patients died from bleeding and purging including George Washington in 1799, who only had a minor throat infection
C.The Decline of Midwifery
i.medicine began to expand its reach beyond the normal scope of practice to childbirth, that had mostly been done with a midwife.
a.as a result of this, opportunities for women declined since midwifery was such an important profession for women
-poor women also suffered b/c those who could have afforded midwives could not afford high physicians fees
D.eduacation and medicine
i.both fell far short of the Jeffersonian vision
ii.despite the fact that education strengthened the elites rather than eroding them, the idea of equal educational opportunity survived, and in later decades became a vital force behind universal public education

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