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Date Posted: 15:35:35 07/03/03 Thu
Author: Adriana Sales Zardini
Subject: Task 9

Explain what a task-based approach is. Describe its main characteristics.

The task-based approach presents learners graded activities or tasks in order to develop their communicative competence. Students’ work with the target language, with the purpose of preparing learners to meet the challenges of real-world functions The role of task-based activities is to provide learners with opportunities to use the target language contextually, and to explore the target language through situational activities.

According to Gregory Hadley there are 3 main tasks:
- Pre-task (consciousness-raising activities: observation, discovery of topic, brainstorming).
- Task cycle (manipulating the target language: pairwork activities, group work activities, and information gap activities).
- Post-Task (Real life application: reading activities, listening to lectures).

According to Nunan there are three characteristics in the task-based approach:
- In language teaching, a contrast is drawn between “authentic” and “non-authentic” data. Authentic data are samples of spoken or written language that have not been specifically written for the purposes of language teaching. “Non-authentic” data are dialogues and reading passages that HAVE been specially written.
- In addition to data, learners need information. They need experiential information about the target culture, they need linguistic information about target language systems, and they need process information about how to go about learning the language.
- The third and final essential element is practice. Unless you are extraordinarily gifted as a language learner, it is highly unlikely that you will get very far without extensive practice.


Reference:
http://simsim.rug.ac.be/staff/elke/recpast/taskbased.html

Hadley, Gregory. A Task-Based Approach to Teaching English for Science and Technology.
http://www.nuis.ac.jp/~hadley/publication/kosentbl/taskbased.htm

Nunan, David. Aspects of Task-Based Syllabus Design. http://www3.telus.net/linguisticsissues/syllabusdesign.html
Stone, LeeAnn. Task-Based Activities: Making the Language Laboratory Interactive. ERIC Digest. http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed343407.html

Adriana Sales Zardini

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