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Date Posted: 16:13:03 07/08/03 Tue
Author: Juliana Coelho
Subject: 9

Explain what a task-based approach is. Describe its main characteristics.

A traditional model used to organize language lessons is the PPP (presentation, practice, production) approach. The individual language items are presented by the teacher, practised (spoken and written exercises), and then the learners use the same language in less controlled (speaking or writing) activities.
An alternative to this model is the Test-Teach-Test approach (TTT). In this models, the production stage comes first and the learners are required to perform a particular task (a role play, for example). This is followed by the teacher dealing with some of the grammatical or lexical problems that arose in the first stage and the learners then being required either to perform the initial task again or to perform a similar task.
A third model for organising lessons is the TBL - Task-based learning. It is typically based on three stages. The first is the pre-task stage, in which the teacher introduces and defines the topic and the learners engage in activities. The second is the "task cycle", in which the learners perform the task in pairs or small groups. The third and final stage is the language focus stage. Task-Based Learning can be defined as a series of activities that developed gradually according to learners’ level of knowledge of the language. These activities require learners to work with the target language, with the aim of preparing them to meet the challenges of real-world functions.

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