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Date Posted: 16:58:35 06/04/03 Wed
Author: GRASIELA IZAGA
Subject: TASK # 5 - FRACTAL MODEL - KRASHEN

TASK # 5
GRASIELA IZAGA


Compare the two texts ( Krashen na Fractal Model) and give your own opinion about how language is acquired.



Krashen´s theory of second language acquisition is based on five hypotheses:
1. The Acquisition-Learning hypothesis says that acquisition requires meaningful interaction in the target language- natural communication - in which speakers are concentrated in the communicative act. The "learning" is the product of formal instruction. It comprises a conscious process, which results in conscious knowledge about the language like knowledge of grammar rules.
2. The Monitor hypothesis encapsulates the relationship between acquisition and learning and defines the role of grammar. So acquisition would be the initiator while learning would perform the role of the monitor that act in a planning, editing and correcting function. But there are three conditions; sufficient time to the learner, focus on form or things about correctness and knowledge of the rule.
3. The Natural Order hypothesis that says that the acquisition of grammatical structures follows a natural order which is predictable. Although Krashen rejects grammatical sequencing when the goal is language acquisition.
4. The Input hypothesis is his attempt to explain how the learner acquires a second language. In put hypothesis is only concerned with acquisition, not learning. It says that the learner improves and progresses when he receives language "input" one step beyond his current stage of linguistic competence.
5. The Affective Filter hypothesis says that a number of "affective variables" play a facilitative, but non-casual, role in second language acquisition and these variables include : motivation, self-confidence and anxiety.

Vera Menezes Fractal model of language acquisition

She says that learning is not a phenomenon that can be explained by laws of cause and effect and that systems are complex, non-linear, dynamic, chaotic, unpredictable, sensitive to initial conditions, open, subject to attractors, and adaptive, and that they are characterized by the ability to self-organize and that this process of self -organization of the inter language is in continuous restructuring.
In her Fractal model the fractal structures work as "chaotic attractors" changing places and exchanging knowledge between them, and that when a turbulence cause alteration in one of the elements it affects the whole system and ,after these chaotic times, order is reestablished. The system has many subsystems such as : input, interaction, affiliation, motivation, automatism, social-historical context,bio-cognitive-affective.
The model proposed applies equally to L2 as to foreign language acquisition.
The main idea is that knowing a language is not only a matter of accumulating information, grammar rules, vocabulary ,but also, the ability to recreate phrases, language constructions in order to have ones own language.

I totally agree with Vera. Because of the unlimited ways of learning that her model accepts.
I also agree with her when she says that somewhere and somehow, at one moment all these abilities (thinking, speaking, vocabulary knowledge, etc.) simply get to work together. This moment can not be predicted because each one has a brain that work in a different way depending on what circumstances and stimulus he has during the process of learning. That is way there can not be a unique road to learn to speak a language.

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