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Date Posted: 17:21:05 06/06/03 Fri
Author: Luciano Santos Valadares
Subject: TASK 5

TASK 5

Krashen's theory of second language acquisition consist of five main hypothesis:
- The acquisition- learning;
- The monitor;
- The natural order;
- The input;
- The affective filter.

We can define the Acquisition-Learning hypothesis looking at the concepts showed by Hammer in The practice of ELT. Acquisition can be defined as the language we acquire subconsciously, the one we can use whenever we want, since it is available anytime. The term Learning can be defined as the language we learn, that is the one that is taught and studied as grammar and vocabulary, not available for spontaneous use.

The Input hypothesis is related to Acquisition, and how the Second Language takes place. He explains that a learner only progresses if he receives an “input” that is vaguely above of his productive level.

In this theory Krashen separates Acquisition from Learning what is not right for some theorists, because it is not possible to know if a person acquired or learned the language.

Different from Krashen’s theory, the Fractal Model of Language Acquisition proposed by Vera Menezes sees the learner as a human being, considering his needs, pace, personality, body-mind, environment or better an individual as a whole and not as person that needs to learn a language and this or that method or approach will be sufficient for his learning.

Krashen makes a clear distinction between learning and acquisition. The first is a product of formal instruction. The second is a subconscious process that requires interaction. According to Krashen acquisition is more important than learning. Krashen states in his Input Hypothesis that the learner develops when he receives an input that is one stage beyond his own stage. He also suggests a natural communicative input, because he is aware that not all learners are in the same stage.

Krashen is looking to second language acquisition through one isolated perspective and that’s why the Fractal Model is proposed. Second language learning is a complex process; many tried to explain this phenomenon. Thus, it is difficult to make some generalization about acquisition. That’s why it’s important to get from each theory the part that is more important and try to build a more complete theory.

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