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MACEDONIAN REVOLUTIONARY
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Date Posted: 09:31:22 05/30/03 Fri
FROM: \"Pavlos Gyparis\" pavlosg_louisgroup@hotmail.com | Save Address
DATE: Fri, 04 Oct 2002 14:16:56 +0300
TO: \"VMRO-MNM\" info@vmro-mnm.com
SUBJECT: Why FYROM should not be named \"Macedonia\"
The truth about Macedonia...
?
FYROM\'s residents have no historical cultural or linguistic ties with ancient Macedonia.
The heart of ancient Macedonia was not in the teritory which FYROM occupies but in the Greek part of Macedonia were all the major archaeological discoveries took place.
The name \"Republic of Macedonia implies a teritorial threat against Greece and other countries and it creates a great risk of renewed ethnic conflict in the Balkans.
The area of FYROM was never called \"Macedonia\" before the 2nd World War. This name was given to the Southern Yugoslavian providence by General Tito aiming to create conflicts in the region and to obtain Greek and Bulgarian teritories. Before the 2nd World War FYROM was called Vardarska.
FYROM\'s population is a mixture of many different ethnic groups. Only 60% of them are \"Macedonians\". There is also a large minority of Albanians (30%) and smaller groups of Serbs Turks, Greeks and others.
Ancient Macedonia and its civilization was part of the ancient Greek civilization.
Suggestions
Some suggestions for FYROM\'s permanent name:
The name this region used since the 2nd world war - Vardarska
The ancient name of the region - Paionia
A name which describes the country geographicaly - Central Balkan Republic
Related links
Are FYROM\'s residents Macedonians?
http://truth.macedonia.gr/index02.html
The vision of \"Greater Macedonia\" [External link]
http://uranus.eng.auth.gr/new/eng/macedonia/kofos/
© Real Macedonia 2001
The truth about Macedonia...
? What do the scholars say?
From \"A History of Macedonia\"
by Malcom Errington (Philipps-Universitat in Marburg, Germany)
University of California Press, 1993
Page 3
\"That the Macedonians and their kings did in fact speak a dialect of Greek and bore Greek names may be regarded nowadays as certain.\"
Page 4
\"Ancient allegations that the Macedonians were non-Greek all had their origin in Athens at the time of the struggle with Philip II.\"
From \"Alexander\'s empire\"
by John Pentland Mahaffy (University of Dublin, Ireland)
G Putnam\'s sons, London, 1881
Page 8
\"... for with Alexander the stage of Greek influence spread across the world. \"
From \"The tutorial history of Greece, to 323 B.C. : from the earliest times to the death of Demosthenes\"
by W. J. Woodhouse (Universiy of Sydney, Australia)
University Tutorial Press, 1904, (reprinted 1944)
Page 216
\" This was Macedonia in the strict sense, the land where settled immigrands of Greek stock later to be called Macedonians\"
From \"The Western Experience\"
by Mortimer Chambers (University of California),
Raymond Grew (University of Michigan),
David Herlihy (Harvard University),
Theodore Rabb (Princeton University)
and Isser Woloch (Columbia University)
Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 2nd edition , 1997
Page 79
\"THE MONARCHS OF MACEDONIA:
Macedonia (or Macedon) was an ancient, somewhat backward kingdom in northen Greece. Its emergence as a Hellenic power was due to a resourceful king, Philip II (359-336), whose career has been unjustly overshadowed by the deeds of his son, Alexander the Great\".
? What do the ancient historians say?
» On the origin on the Macedonians
» On the language of the Macedonians
» On the religion of the Macedonians
» On the culture of the Macedonians
» On the geography of Macedonia
» What did the Macedonians think of themselves?
» What did the rest of the Greeks think?
http://truth.macedonia.gr/quotes.html#origin
On the origin of the Macedonians
The Greek origin of the Macedonians is proven by the vast majority of the ancient historians.
Diodoros of Sicily talks about the links of Alexander to the Greek mythology (Diodoros, Historical Library 17.1.5):
\"On his father\'s side Alexander was a descendant of Heracles and on his mother\'s he could claim the blood of the Aeacids, so that from his ancestors on both sides he inherited the physical and moral qualities of greatness.\"
Herodotus confirms that the Macedonians were people of Greek origin (Histories of Herodotus Book 5, paragraph 22.1)
\"Now that these descendants of Perdiccas are Greeks, as they themselves say, I myself chance to know and will prove it in the later part of my history.That they are so has been already adjudged by those who manage the Pan-Hellenic contest at Olympia. \"
And later on (Book 8, paragraph 137.1) he verifies it:
\"This Alexander was seventh in descent from Perdiccas, who got for himself the tyranny of Macedonia in the way that I will show. Three brothers of the lineage of Temenus came as banished men from Argos to Illyria, Gauanes and Aeropus and Perdiccas; and from Illyria they crossed over into the highlands of Macedonia till they came to the town Lebaea.\"
Also in the very first book of his \"Histories\" (paragraph 56.3 ) Herodotus states about the origin of the the Greek people:
\"For in the days of king Deucalion it inhabited the land of Phthia, then the country called Histiaean, under Ossa and Olympus, in the time of Dorus son of Hellen; driven from this Histiaean country by the Cadmeans, it settled about Pindus in the territory called Macedonian; from there again it migrated to Dryopia, and at last came from Dryopia into the Peloponnese, where it took the name of Dorian.\"
Thoukididis also verifies that the Macedonian kings\' origin was from the Greek town of Argos (Book 2, 99.3):
\"The country on the sea coast, now called Macedonia, was first acquired by Alexander, the father of Perdiccas, and his ancestors, originally Temenids from Argos.\"
Aristotelis, the teacher of Alexander the Great says about the rivers in Macedonia (Meteorologika, Book I, Par. 13):
\"Of the rivers in the Greek world, the Achelous flows from Pindus, the Inachus from the same mountain; the Strymon, the Nestus, and the Hebrus all three from Scombrus; many rivers, too, flow from Rhodope.\"
Finally Isocratis states (To Philip, paragraph 32):
\"Argos is the land of your fathers, and is entitled to as much consideration at your hands as are your own ancestors;\"
On the language of the Macedonians
The Macedonians spoke the Greek language as the ancient authors verify. The Roman writer Titus Livius says : (from \"The Foundation of the City\", Paragraph 31)
\"The Aitolians, the Akarnanians, the Macedonians, men of the same language, are united or disunited by trivial causes that arise from time to time; with aliens, with barbarians, all Greeks wage and will wage eternal war; for they are enemies by the will of nature, which is eternal, and not from reasons that change from day to day.\"
Didorus of Sicily (17.67.1) says:
\"After this Alexander left Dareius\'s mother, his daughters, and his son in Susa, providing them with persons to teach them the Greek language, and marching on with his army on the fourth day reached the Tigris River. \"
On the religion of the Macedonians
The Macedonians had the same religion as the rest of the Greeks, they worshiped the twelve Olympian Gods.
Two quotes from Plutarch\'s \"Alexander\"
\"Philip, after this vision, sent Chaeron of Megalopolis to consult the oracle of Apollo at Delphi, by which he was commanded to perform sacrifice, and henceforth pay particular honour, above all other gods, to Zeus;\"
\"He [Alexander he Great] erected altars, also, to the gods, which the kings of the Praesians even in our time do honour to when they pass the river, and offer sacrifice upon them after the Greek manner.\"
Diodoros of Sicily also makes clear that the Macedonnians worshiped the twelve Greek Gods:
Histories, Chapter 16, 95.2
\"Along with lavish display of every sort, Philip included in the procession statues of the twelve Gods brought with great artistry and adorned with a dazzling show of wealth to strike awe to the beholder, and along with these was conducted a thirteenth statue, suitable for a god, that of Philip himself, so that the king exhibited himself enthroned among the twelve Gods.\"
Histories, Chapter 16, 91.5-6
\"He (King Philip) wanted as many Greeks as possible to take part in the festivities in honour of the gods, and so planned brilliant musical contests and lavish banquets for his friends and guests. Out of all Greece he summoned his personal guest-friends and ordered the members of his court to bring along as many as they could of their acquaintances from abroad.\"
On the culture of the Macedonians
\"Alexandros observed that his soldiers were exhausted with their constant campaigns. ... The hooves of the horses had been worn thin by steady marching. The arms and armour were wearing out, and the Hellenic clothing was quite gone. They had to clothe themselves in materials of the barbarians,...\"
(Diodoros of Sicily 17.94.1-2)
On the geography of Macedonian
The great philosopher Aristotelis (Aristotle) considers the rivers in Macedonias as \"rivers in the Greek world\"
\"Of the rivers in the Greek world, the Achelous flows from Pindus, the Inachus from the same mountain; the Strymon, the Nestus, and the Hebrus all three from Scombrus; many rivers, too, flow from Rhodope. ...\"
(Aristotelis, Meteorology, Book 1, Par. 13)
and later on he says:
\"The deluge in the time of Deucalion, for instance, took place chiefly in the Greek world and in it especially about ancient Hellas, the country about Dodona and the Achelous, a river which has often changed its course. Here the Selli dwelt and those who were formerly called Graeci and now Hellenes...\"
(Aristotelis, Meteorology, Book 1, Par. 13)
What did the Macedonians think of themselves?
It is very clear from the surviving ancient sources that the Macedonians considered themselves to be Greeks.
In Herodotus (Book 9, paragraph 45.2) Alexander I , king of Macedonia says:
\"... I myself am by ancient descent a Greek, and I would not willingly see Hellas change her freedom for slavery ...\"
Alexander III (the Great) talking to the king of the Persians says: (Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander II,14,4)
\"Your ancestors invaded Macedonia and the rest of Greece and did us great harm, though we had done them no prior injury [...] I have been appointed hegemon of the Greeks [...] \"
Arrian (\"Alexander the Great\" 1,16,7) describes the following incident: After winning an important battle in Asia ...
\"He [Alexander the Great] sent to Athens three hundred Persian panoplies to be set up to Athena in the acropolis; he ordered this inscription to be attached: Alexander son of Philip and the Hellenes, except the Lacedaemonians, set up these spoils from the barbarians dwelling in Asia\"
(Diodoros of Sicily 16.93.1)
\"Every seat in the theater was taken when Philip appeared wearing a white cloak and by his express orders his bodyguard held away from him and followed only at a distance, since he wanted to show publicly that he was protected by the goodwill of all the Hellenes, and had no need of a guard of spearmen.\"
And from Flavious Josephus (11.8.5) we have the following incident where Alexander clearly considers himself a Greek:
\"And when the book of Daniel was showed to him (Alexander the Great) wherein Daniel declared that one of the Greeks should destroy the empire of the Persians, he supposed that himself was the person intended\"
What did the rest of the Greeks think?
The ancient Greek people alwayws considered the Macedonians to be Greek as well. This can be easily proved because the Macedonians were members of all the Greek institutions, such as the Delphic amphictiony:
Pausanias writes in his book \"Description of Greece\" (10.3.3):
\"The Phocians were deprived of their share in the Delphic sanctuary and in the Greek assembly, and their votes were given by the Amphictyons to the Macedonians.\"
and also in his book \"Phokis\" (8,2 & 4):
\"They say that these were the tribes collected by Amphiktyon himself in the Hellenic Assembly: [...] the Macedonians joined and the entire Phocian race [...] In my day there were thirty members: six from each of Nikopolis, Macedonia and Thessaly [...] \"
Aeschines (On the Embassy 2.32) gives evidence of the Macedonian king Amyntas taking part at the congress of the Lacedaemonian allies and the other Greeks:
\"For at a congress of the Lacedaemonian allies and the other Greeks, in which Amyntas, the father of Philip, being entitled to a seat, was represented by a delegate whose vote was absolutely under his control, he joined the other Greeks in voting to help Athens to recover possession of Amphipolis. As proof of this I presented from the public records the resolution of the Greek congress and the names of those who voted\".
Isocratis, one of the most impotant orators of ancient Greece says in his speach \"To Philip\" addressed to King Philip II of Macedonia (Paragaraph 127):
\"Therefore, since the others are so lacking in spirit, I think it is opportune for you to head the war against the King; and, while it is only natural for the other descendants of Heracles, and for men who are under the bonds of their polities and laws, to cleave fondly to that state in which they happen to dwell, it is your privilege, as one who has been blessed with untrammeled freedom, to consider all Greece your fatherland, as did the founder of your race, and to be as ready to brave perils for her sake as for the things about which you are personally most concerned.\"
The Sicilian historian Diodoros says in his history about King Philip of Macedonia (Diodoros, Historical Library 16.95.1-2)
\"Such was the end of Philip, who had made himself the greatest of the kings in Europe in his time, and because of the extent of his kingdom had made himself a throned companion of the twelve gods. He had ruled twenty-four years. He is known to fame as one who with but the slenderest resources to support his claim to a throne won for himself the greatest empire in the Greek world, while the growth of his position was not due so much to his prowess in arms as to his adroitness and cordiality in diplomacy.
Even the Persians considerd Macedonia a part of Greece! The Persian king Mardonius says : (From the Histories of Herodotus Book 7, Paragraph 9.1-2).
\"We know the manner of their battle- we know how weak their power is; already have we subdued their children who dwell in our country, the Ionians, Aeolians, and Dorians. I myself have had experience of these men when I marched against them by the orders of thy father; and though I went as far as Macedonia, and came but a little short of reaching Athens itself, yet not a soul ventured to come out against me to battle. [...] Yet the Greeks are accustomed to wage wars, as I learn, and they do it most senselessly in their wrongheadedness and folly [...]. Since they speak the same language, they should end their disputes by means of heralds or messengers, or by any way rather than fighting; if they must make war upon each other, they should each discover where they are in the strongest position and make the attempt there. The Greek custom, then, is not good; and when I marched as far as the land of Macedonia, it had not come into their minds to fight.\"
Mardonius marched against the Greeks and he \"went as far as Macedonia, and came but a little short of reaching Athens itself\". Obviously he considers Macedonia a part of Greece!
Related links
How the Slavic propaganda exploits the ancient sources to dispute the Greek identity of the ancient Macedonians.
http://truth.macedonia.gr/distortion.html
What do today\'s scholars say about the identity of the ancient Macedonians?
http://truth.macedonia.gr/scholars.html
[ © Real Macedonia 2001
© Real Macedonia 2001
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FROM: \"vmro-mnm\" vmro-mnm@vmro-mnm.com | Save Address
DATE: Fri, 4 Oct 2002 16:54:43 +0200
TO: \"G-din. Ljupco Mircevski-Trepet\" trepet@vmro-mnm.com
SUBJECT: Prokleti Makedonski izrodi-predavnichki // http://www.president.gov.mk/eng/makedonija.htm
REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Documents:
plural elections
declaration of sovereignity
referendum
constitution
declaration of international recognition
adhesion of the Republic of Macedonia to the UN
integration in the European Union
Symbols
The Republic of Macedonia was established as an outcome of the century-long struggle of the Macedonian people for national liberation and for a state of its own.
The beginnings of the statehood of the Macedonian Slavs go back to the end of the 10th century and beginning of the 11th, with the creation of Samoil\'s state.
After the fall of Samoil\'s kingdom, during the centuries-long slavery, the wish for a state of its own never extinguished. This is proved by many uprisings against foreign rulers. In the more recent history, during the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans and in Macedonia occurred the most well-known national liberation uprisings, the Karpos uprising in 1689, the Kresna and Razlovci uprisings in 1878.
The foundations of the modern Macedonian state were established during the Ilinden uprising in 1903, with the proclamation of the Krusevo Republic (in the town of Krusevo), as the first Republic on the Balkans. Nikola Karev was declared first president of the first Macedonian Republic.
Less than a decade after the Ilinden uprising was violently quelled, Macedonian and the Macedonian people undergo some of the most tragic times of their history. After the Balkan wars in 1912 and 1913 Macedonia was divided among the neighboring Balkan countries whereas the Macedonian people are subjected to denationalization, assimilation and genocide. The contemporary Republic of Macedonia is situated on the territory that became part of Serbia after the Balkan wars. (later within Yugoslavia).
In the course of the Second World War, in August 2, (on the Ilinden Day) in 1944, the First Session of then Anti Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation (ASNOM) was held in the Monastery of St. Prohor of Pcinja. At this session, the foundations of the modern Republic of Macedonia were established, as a member of the Democratic Yugoslav Federation.
The first Macedonian Constitution adopted on December 31, 1946, declares the People\'s Republic of Macedonia as a state - a constitutive member of the Yugoslav Federation. In accordance with the Constitution of April 7, 1963, it was named as Socialist Republic of Macedonia and remained such until June 7,1991 when the Assembly passed a constitutional amendment deleting the designation \"Socialist\" from the state\'s name, establishing its present name - Republic of Macedonia.
PLURAL ELECTIONS
In accordance with the new Law on Elections and the new Law on Political Organization of Citizens, first democratic plural elections were held on November 11, 1990.
DECLARATION ON SOVEREIGNTY
In January 25, 1991, the new multi party Assembly adopted the Declaration on Sovereignty of the Republic, which, among other things, defines the Republic of Macedonia as a sovereign state, which decides independently about its future relations with the states of the other peoples of Yugoslavia, in accordance with its own interests,
REFERENDUM
After the dissolution of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, to which pertained the Republic of Macedonia, the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia proclaims a referendum on which the citizens had to decide for a secession from the Yugoslav federation and for the proclamation of an independent Republic of Macedonia.
At the referendum held on September 8, 1991, more than 90% of the citizens that voted were in favor of a sovereign and independent Republic of Macedonia.
Based upon the results of the referendum, the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia, in September 17, 1991, adopted a Declaration on Independence. The Declaration states that the Republic of Macedonia as a sovereign and independent state will strive for consistent observance of the generally accepted principles of the international relations contained in the Charter and other documents of the United Nations Organization, the CSCE Final Act from Helsinki and the CSCE Paris Charter, and that this will be the basis of its international relations.
THE CONSTITUTION
In November 17, 1991, the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia adopted and proclaimed the new Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia, which confirmed the state\'s name, and the Republic of Macedonia was defined as a sovereign, independent, democratic and welfare state. The sovereignty derives from the citizens and belongs to them. The Republic of Macedonia is organized in accordance with the principles of modern democratic and parliamentary states. The Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia follows the principles of a democratic political system and there is a multiparty parliamentary system.
DECLARARTION ON INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION
In December 19, 1991, the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia adopted a Declaration on the International Recognition of the Republic of Macedonia as a Sovereign and Independent State.
ADHESION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA TO THE UN
The Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia in July 29, 1992, passed a decision on the membership of the Republic of Macedonia in the United Nations Organization as a sovereign and independent state. Shortly after that, the President of the Republic of Macedonia submitted a formal application for admission of the Republic of Macedonia as a member of the UN. The Republic of Macedonia was accepted as member of the UN in April 8, 1993. The Republic of Macedonia has accepted the Declaration and other UN documents, the principals of the modern international relations and the existing standards within the international law.
INTEGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
One of the strategic orientations of the Republic of Macedonia as a state and of its citizens is the integration in the family of European nations, where we belong both geographically and from a civilizing point of view.
As a result of the democratic processes in the state and of its contribution to the stability and peace in the region, the Republic of Macedonia has done its first step to a full integration in the European Union and in Euro Atlantic structures, by signing the Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU on April 6, 2001.
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