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History====SPRING
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Date Posted: 27/11/10 1:57:35
In reply to:
Etymology
's message, "The word "Holodomor" literally translated from Ukrainian means "death by hunger," or "to kill by hunger, to starve to death."[" on 27/11/10 1:55:56
History
[edit] Scope and duration
The famine affected the Ukrainian SSR as well as the Moldavian ASSR (a part of the Ukrainian S.S.R. at the time) in Spring 1932[40] and from February to July 1933,[41] with the greatest number of victims recorded in the spring of 1933. The population in every part of the territory did not suffer from the Holodomor for the whole period.
There are reports that famine stopped directly at the border between Ukraine and the Russian (and Belarusian) republics.[42] Between 1926 and 1939, the Ukrainian population increased by 6.6%, whereas Russia and Belarus grew by 16.9% and 11.7%, respectively.[43][44]
From 1932 harvest Soviet authorities were able to procure only 4.3 million tons as compared with 7.2 million tons obtained from 1931 harvest.[45] Rations in the town were drastically cut back and in the winter 1932-33 and spring of 1933 many urban areas were starved.[46]
The first reports of mass malnutrition and deaths from starvation emerged from two urban areas of Uman, reported in January 1933 by the Vinnytsya and Kiev oblasts. By mid-January 1933 there were reports about mass “difficulties” with food in urban areas, which had been undersupplied through the rationing system, and deaths from starvation among people who were withdrawn from the rationing supply. This was to comply with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine Decree December 1932. By the beginning of February 1933, according to reports from local authorities and Ukrainian GPU, the most affected area was Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, which also suffered from epidemics of typhus and malaria. Odessa and Kiev oblasts were second and third, respectively. By mid-March, most reports originated from Kiev Oblast.
By mid-April 1933, the Kharkiv Oblast reached the top of the most affected list, while Kiev, Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Vinnytsya, Donetsk oblasts and Moldavian SSR followed it. Reports about mass deaths from starvation, dated mid-May through the beginning of June 1933, originated from raions in Kiev and Kharkiv oblasts. The “less affected” list noted the Chernihiv Oblast and northern parts of Kiev and Vinnytsya oblasts. The Central Committee of the CP(b) of Ukraine Decree of February 8, 1933, said no hunger cases should have remained untreated. Local authorities had to submit reports about the numbers suffering from hunger, the reasons for hunger, number of deaths from hunger, food aid provided from local sources, and centrally provided food aid required. The GPU managed parallel reporting and food assistance in the Ukrainian SSR. (Many regional reports and most of the central summary reports are available from present-day central and regional Ukrainian archives.)[47]
Evidence of widespread cannibalism was documented during the Holodomor.[48] The Soviet regime printed posters declaring: "To eat your own children is a barbarian act."[49] More than 2500 people were convicted of cannibalism during the Holodomor.[50]
The Ukrainian Weekly, which was tracking the situation in 1933, reported the difficulties in communications and appalling situation within the Soviet Ukraine. In addition, on December 1, 1933 the newspaper reported a mass-protest planned to take place in Syracuse, New York.
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