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Date Posted: 20:24:51 12/04/02 Wed
Author: Òðåéòÿê
Subject: ïåðåéäåìî â³ä òåðì³íîëî㳿 ç ³ñòîð³ºþ äî ïðàêòèêè
In reply to: Òðåéòÿê 's message, "Re: Ïðî ºâðå¿â, ãåáðå¿â, þäå¿â, ³óäå¿â, æèä³â òà ò.ï." on 19:23:29 12/04/02 Wed

ó ïîïåðåäíüîìó äîïèñ³ ïîÿñíþºòüñÿ, ÷îìó ç òåðì³íîëîã³÷íîãî ïîãëÿäó ïðàâèëüí³øå º óæèâàòè "æèäè", à íå "ºâðå¿".

Ðîçãëÿíåìî òåïåð, ùî ìàºìî â óêð. ìîâ³. ßê óæå çãàäóâàëîñÿ, â óêð. ìîâ³ çàâæäè óæèâàëîñÿ ñàìå "æèäè".  ò.÷. ó ìîâ³ Òàðàñà Øåâ÷åíêà, ó ïåðåäâîºíí³é ë³òåðàòóð³ Çàõ³äíî¿ Óêðà¿íè, òàê ñàìî öå ñëîâî óæèâàºòüñÿ ñüîãîäí³ â ä³àñïîð³, ïîäèâ³òüñÿ ÷àñîïèñè ³ ë³òåðàòóðó. ² ò.ä. Îòæå, öå ñëîâî â íîðìàëüí³é óêð. ìîâ³ ëåã³òèì³çîâàíå ³ íå º îáðàçëèâèì. ²íøà ð³÷, êîëè éäåòüñÿ ïðî âïëèâè ðîñ³éñüêî¿ ìîâè íà óêðà¿íñüêó ìîâó â Óêðà¿í³.  ðîñ³éñüê³é ìîâ³ öå ñëîâî çðîáèëîñÿ îáðàçëèâèì, õî÷à äàâí³øå òàêèì íå áóëî. Ùå 300 ðîê³â òîìó â ðîñ. ìîâ³ òåæ óæèâàëîñÿ "æèäè". Àëå òåðì³íîëîã³÷íî íåïðàâèëüíå óæèòòÿ "ºâðå¿" çàì³ñòü "æèäè" â ðîñ. ìîâ³ ìຠäîñèòü äîâãó òðàäèö³þ. Íå òàê º â óêð. ìîâ³. Àëå ÷åðåç òå, ùî ôàêòè÷íî êîæíèé óêðà¿íåöü â Óêðà¿í³ äîáðå çíຠðîñ. ìîâó, à ÷àñòî íàâ³òü ë³ïøå, í³æ óêðà¿íñüêó, òî â³í àâòîìàòè÷íî îð³ºíòóºòüñÿ íà ðîñ. ìîâó ³ ïåðåòÿãóº ¿¿ â ò.÷. òðàäèö³¿ â óêðà¿íñüêó.

×è öå äîáðå ³ ÷è òðåáà óêðà¿íöÿì â óñüîìó íàñë³äóâàòè ðîñ³éñüêó ìîâó? Íåõàé êîæíèé ñàì ñîá³ â³äïîâ³ñòü íà öå
ïèòàííÿ. Ìîÿ äóìêà: òðåáà ñïèðàòèñÿ íà óêðà¿íñüê³ òðàäèö³¿, à íå íà ðîñ³éñüê³, ÿêùî âçàãàë³ òî¿ ìîâè (óêð.)
ïîòðåáóºìî.

Ùîäî "ãåáðå¿â": ÿê óæå ïèñàëîñÿ, "ºâðåé" öå ò³ëüêè ôîíåòè÷íî â³äì³ííà ôîðìà ñëîâà "ãåáðåé". Ïåðåõîäèòè íà
"ãåáðå¿â" çàì³ñòü "ºâðå¿â" íàâðÿä ÷è äîö³ëüíî, áî öå îäíå òå ñàìå. Òîä³ âæå, çà òîþ ëîã³êîþ, òðåáà á ³ óêð. ïåðåêëàä Á³á볿 â³äïîâ³äíî âäîñêîíàëèòè, é óñ³ ñëîâà ç òèì ïîâ"ÿçàí³, âêëþ÷íî ç ãåîãð. íàçâàìè. Êîðîòøå, æîäíî¿
äîö³ëüíîñò³. Íå âàðòóº. ßêùî âæå âèð³øèëè íàñë³äóâàòè ðîñ. ìîâó, òî áóäüìî æ ïîñë³äîâíèìè.

Ñòîñîâíî ïîíÿòü "æèäè" ³ "þäå¿": öå ïîõ³äí³ îäíîãî-ºäèíîãî ñëîâà, ïðè÷îìó â æèä³âñüêèõ ìîâàõ íåìຠì³æ íèìè ð³çíèö³: íàâ³òü ñìèñëîâî¿. Æèä - öå çàâæäè îñîáà þäåéñüêîãî/æèä³âñüêîãî â³ðè. Çâè÷àéíî, ìîæíà ñîá³ ¿õ
ðîçð³çíèòè íà "æèäà - îñîáó æèä³âñüêîãî ïîõîäæåííÿ", é "þäåÿ - îñîáó þäåéñüêî¿ â³ðè", çã³äíî ç ïðàêòèêîþ
ºâðîïåéñüêèõ íàðîä³â. Àëå òîä³ ìóñèìî çäàâàòè ñîá³ ñïðàâó, ùî öåé ïîä³ë ââåäåíèé ñïåö³àëüíî äëÿ îçíà÷åííÿ äâîõ êàòåãîð³é îñ³á:

1. Æèä³â ç ïîõîäæåííÿ, ùî ïðèçíàþòüñÿ äî ³íøèõ ðåë³ã³é, àáî äî "æèä³â àáñîëþòíî íåâ³ðóþ÷èõ"
2. Íå-æèä³â ç ïîõîäæåííÿ, àëå òèõ, ùî ïåðåéøëè íà þäåéñüêó ðåë³ã³þ.

Ïðîòå, îáèäâ³ ö³ ãðóïè º äóæå íå÷èñåëüí³, òà ùî íàéãîëîâí³øå, âîíè íå ìàþòü ïðîäîâæåííÿ â ÷àñ³:
"æèäè-íåâ³ðè" çà ë³÷åí³ ïîêîë³ííÿ ïåðåñòàþòü áóòè æèäàìè ÷åðåç àñèì³ëÿö³þ, à "æèäè-íåîô³òè" ùå ñêîð³øå ñòàþòü òàêèìè ñàìèìè æèäàìè, ÿê ³ âñ³ ðåøòà æèä³â. Æèä ç ïåðøî¿ êàòåãî𳿠- íà÷å ðèáà, âèêèíóòà íà áåðåã, - íà ñâ³æîìó ïîâ³òð³ äîâãî íå æèâå :) ßê æèä, çâè÷àéíî. ³í îïèíèâñÿ ïîçà æèä³âñüêîþ ñèñòåìîþ íàö³îíàëüíîãî âèæèâàííÿ. Äðóãà êàòåãîð³ÿ - ìàéæå òåîðåòè÷íà. Íå äóìàþ, ùîá áàãàòî áóëî òàêèõ âèïàäê³â, òèì á³ëüøå, ùî æèä³âñüêà ðåë³ã³ÿ ñâ³äîìî óòðóäíþº òàêó ìîæëèâ³ñòü.

Îòæå, ÷è äîö³ëüíî ñèëîì³öü ðîçð³çíÿòè ö³ ïîíÿòòÿ ñïåö³àëüíî äëÿ îçíà÷åííÿ ïîâèùèõ äâîõ êàòåãîð³é, ïðèòîìó, ùî ñàì³ æèäè òîãî íå ðîáëÿòü?

Íà òîìó âñå ïðî æèä³â.

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