VoyForums
[ Show ]
Support VoyForums
[ Shrink ]
VoyForums Announcement: Programming and providing support for this service has been a labor of love since 1997. We are one of the few services online who values our users' privacy, and have never sold your information. We have even fought hard to defend your privacy in legal cases; however, we've done it with almost no financial support -- paying out of pocket to continue providing the service. Due to the issues imposed on us by advertisers, we also stopped hosting most ads on the forums many years ago. We hope you appreciate our efforts.

Show your support by donating any amount. (Note: We are still technically a for-profit company, so your contribution is not tax-deductible.) PayPal Acct: Feedback:

Donate to VoyForums (PayPal):

[ Login ] [ Contact Forum Admin ] [ Main index ] [ Post a new message ] [ Search | Check update time | Archives: 1, 2, [3], 4, 5, 6 ]

[ Next Thread | Previous Thread | Next Message | Previous Message ]

Date Posted: 18:06:58 10/28/02 Mon
Author: Òðåéòÿê
Subject: 2. "Êîáè ìàòêà áóëà æèâà", àáî äåùî ïðî Õìåëüíè÷÷èíó
In reply to: Òðåéòÿê 's message, "1. Íàö³îíàëüí³ ïð³îðèòåòè òà öåðêîâí³ ³íòåðåñè" on 18:03:11 10/28/02 Mon

"Êîáè ìàòêà áóëà æèâà", àáî äåùî ïðî Õìåëüíè÷÷èíó

Äðóãèé ïðèêëàä º ç óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ³ñòî𳿠ëèòîâñüêî-ïîëüñüêî¿ äîáè. ßê â³äîìî, òàòàðè, ïî÷èíàþ÷è â³ä ê³íöÿ XV äî ïî÷àòêó XVI² ñò. äóæå ÷àñòî íàá³ãàëè íà óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³: âèâîäèëè âåëèêèé ÿñèð, ³ ò.ä., é ï³âäåííèé êîðäîí çàñåëåíèõ óêðà¿íöÿìè çåìåëü â³äñóíóâñÿ äàëåêî íà ï³âí³÷, ìàéæå äî Êèºâà, òà é òàì íàñåëåííÿ ò³ñíèëîñÿ äîâêîëà óêð³ïëåíèõ çàìê³â. ˳âîáåðåææÿ (ìàéáóòíÿ Ïîëòàâùèíà) ñïóñòîøåíå áóëî íàñò³ëüêè, ùî íàïðèê³íö³ XVI - íà ïî÷àòêó XVII ñò. éîãî ôàêòè÷íî çàñåëèëè çàíîâî (çíàìåíèòà êîëîí³çàö³ÿ Âèøíåâåöüêèõ), õî÷à ùå â XV ñò. âîíî âæå áóëî çàñåëåíå. Òîä³ ñàìå â îáîðîí³ êðàþ ïîñòàëî êîçàöòâî, ùî ñôîðìóâàëîñÿ ï³ä ÷àñ òàòàðñüêèõ íàïàä³â, à âëàñíå ÿê âèñë³ä öèõ íàïàä³â: ëèòîâñüê³ êíÿç³ íå ìàëè çìîãè êðàþ îáîðîíèòè, òî íàñåëåííÿ ïî÷àëî çàõèùàòèñÿ ñàìîòóæêè. Íå ïåðåïîâ³äàòèìó äàë³ â³äîìó ³ñòîð³þ: â³éíà ç òàòàðàìè ïåðìàíåíòíî òðèâàëà ùå äîâãî, ³ çà ñâî¿õ íàéá³ëüøèõ âîðîã³â óêðà¿íö³ ïîâàæàëè, çðîçóì³ëî, òàòàð, à íå г÷ïîñïîëèòó. Çäàâàëîñÿ á, ïðîòÿãîì ï³âòîðà ñòîð³÷÷ÿ ö³ëà òðàäèö³ÿ âæå ñêëàëàñÿ: êîçàêè á"þòü òàòàð, ÷è òî ï³ä ïðîâîäîì "çàöíèõ" øëÿõòè÷³â, ÷è ñàìîñò³éíî, ï³ä ðóêîþ îáðàíèõ âàòàæê³â-ãåòüìàí³â, ³ â³ä÷àéäóøíî çàõèùàþòü ð³äíó õðèñòèÿíñüêó "ìàòêó". Àëå ïîò³ì ïî÷àëèñÿ íåïîðîçóì³ííÿ ç ìàòêîþ, ÿêà âèãîäóâàëà ñîá³ ñò³ëüêè çàöíèõ ñèí³â, ùî òèì çàáðàêëî ì³ñöÿ âäîìà, ³ âîíè ïî÷àëè ïðèáèðàòè ñîá³ îòå "äèêå (òîä³) ïîëå" - ìàéáóòíþ Íàääí³ïðÿíñüêó Óêðà¿íó, à çàðàçîì é óòèñêàòè êîçàê³â, ÿê³ îïèíèëèñÿ çà òèõ óìîâ çàíàäòî áëèçüêî äî ùîéíî ïîäàðîâàíèõ ìàºòíîñòåé. ² òðåáà æ áóëî íàñò³ëüêè ðîçñâàðèòèñÿ, ùî êîçàêè çàì³ñòü áèòè âîðîã³â ìàòêè, êîëè âîíà ñêàæå, ïî÷àëè íå ò³ëüêè ùî ä³ÿòè íà âëàñíó ðóêó, ùî äîïðîâàäèëî ìàòêó äî äèïëîìàòè÷íèõ òðóäíîù³â, àëå é çíåâàæàòè ìàºñòàò! Íå ñõîò³ëè âîíè êîðèòèñÿ íàêàçàì, ³ ïîâàæàòè ÷óæ³ ìàºòíîñò³. Çðîçóì³ëî, ùî "ìàòêà" ìóñèëà êàðàòè öåé íåïîñëóõ. Äàë³ çíàºòå, ùî áóëî: êîçàöüê³ ïîâñòàííÿ, ïî÷èíàþ÷è â³ä Êîñèíñüêîãî ç Íàëèâàéêîì, é çàê³í÷óþ÷è Áóòîì-Ïàâëþêîì ³ Õìåëüíèöüêèì, ùî ïåðøèìè ïî÷àëè ïåðòðàêòóâàòè ïðî ñîþç ç òðàäèö³éíèìè âîðîãàìè (Ìàêñèìå! - ñâÿòà òðàäèö³ÿ îáîðîíö³â õðèñòèÿíñòâà! - íå ïîðóøàòè â æîäíîìó ðàç³! - õî÷ áè ùî òàì áóëî...) - òàòàðàìè. (êîìóñü òàêè âèñòà÷èëî êëåïêè çáàãíóòè, ùî ñàì³ êîçàêè - äîáðà ï³õîòà - íå âïîðàþòüñÿ ç ïîëüñüêèì ðå´óëÿðíèì â³éñüêîì, à ñàìå ç³ çíàìåíèòîþ ïîëüñüêîþ ê³ííîòîþ - ïîçíà÷èâñÿ ã³ðêèé äîñâ³ä ê³ëüêîõ íåâäàëèõ ïîâñòàíü). Ïàâëþê íå ïîòðàïèâ, ïîòðàïèâ Õìåëüíèöüêèé, ³ îöå çàïîðîæö³, îöåé õðèñòèÿíñüêèé ôîðïîñò áîðîòüáè ç áóñóðìàíàìè (ïðèãàäàâñÿ "Ïðàâîñëàâíèé Òàë³áàí" Ëåìà :) ) âèðóøàþòü ðàçîì ç ó÷îðàøí³ìè çàêëÿòèìè âîðîãàìè íà ïîãèáåëü ìàòö³ (!) (íà öüîìó ì³ñö³ äóæå äîðå÷íî âèãëÿäàëà á Ѻíêºâ³÷åâà ³ñòåðèêà :) ), ³ òàêè ïåðåìàãàþòü ¿¿ â³éñüêî, ³ íå ò³ëüêè ïåðåìàãàþòü, à ïðîñòî ðîçáèâàþòü óùåíò! (á³ëüøå çà òå, "ìàòêà" òîä³ ÿê ï³ðíóëà ó ðó¿íó, òî ïî-ñïðàâæíüîìó ç íåþ âæå í³êîëè íå ï³äíÿëàñÿ)

Íà ìàð´³íåñ³: ϳçí³øå óêðà¿íö³ äóæå ïèøàòèìóòüñÿ öèì ôàêòîì ïåðåìîãè íàä ó÷îðàøíüîþ "ìàòêîþ" (ùå ñàì Õìåëüíèöüêèé äóæå ïîâàæàâ ìàºñòàò, ïðèíàéìí³ êîðîë³âñüêèé, - ³íåðö³ÿ äóìêè, - ³ ïðî æîäíó íåçàëåæí³ñòü ñïî÷àòêó íå äóìàâ, íà â³äì³íó â³ä ñâ³äîìîãî "ñàìîñò³éíèêà-äåðæàâíèêà", ÿê éîãî ïåâíî íàçèâàëè á ó ê³ëüêà ñòîð³÷ ï³çí³øå, - Áîãóíà, - äî ðå÷³, íåäîëþáëþâàíîãî Õìåëüíèöüêèì - íåìຠðàäè, êîíêóðåíò) àâæåæ, "öå ìè Ïîëüùó çàâàëèëè" (öÿ ôðàçà Øåâ÷åíêîâà, àëå âèñòà÷ຠïåðåãëÿíóòè óêð. ë³òåðàòóðó ïðî Õìåëüíè÷÷èíó, îñîáëèâî õóäîæíþ), àëå ïðî ðîëþ òàòàð ç ¿õíüîþ ìîá³ëüíîþ ê³ííîòîþ ó ö³é ïåðåìîç³ àáî çîâñ³ì íå çãàäóþòü, àáî ò³ëüêè ïîá³æíî. Öå çðîçóì³ëî: æîäíîãî çèñêó äëÿ íàö³îíàëüíî¿ ãîðäîñò³, à ñàì³ òàòàðè íå äóæå òèì ïåðåéìàþòüñÿ: äëÿ íèõ-áî öå áóâ ò³ëüêè åï³çîä, ùå îäèí "ðåéä", íåõàé ³ âåëèêèé, äî òîãî æ ùåäðî îïëà÷åíèé ÿñèðîì â³ä óêðà¿íñüêîãî "áàòüêà"-ãåòüìàíà.

Çàââàãà: ÿ íàâìàííÿ ïèñàâ íà ìàð´³íåñ³ íå äóæå ïàòð³îòè÷íî, ùîáè âèñâ³òëèòè é òåìí³ ñòîðîíè âåëèêî¿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ïåðåìîãè - öå º âàæëèâèì äëÿ ïîäàëüøî¿ äèñêóñ³¿ çíàòè, ñê³ëüêè âàæêó ö³íó áóëî çàïëà÷åíî çà öþ âàæëèâó, é ïîçà ñóìí³âîì, íàö³ºñòâåðäæóþ÷ó ïåðåìîãó. Àâæåæ, í³÷îãî íå äàºòüñÿ çàäàðìà - çà âñå òðåáà ïëàòèòè, Ìàêñèìå. ² ÷àñòî - âåëèêîþ êðîâ"þ, àëå çà âåëèê³ ä³ÿííÿ, ùî íàâ³÷íî çàëèøàòèìóòüñÿ â ïàì"ÿò³ íàùàäê³â.

Îòæå, öÿ ïåðåìîãà Õìåëüíèöüêîãî çàâäÿ÷óº â÷àñí³é çì³í³ ïð³îðèòåò³â. ¯¿-áî ïîòðåáóâàëè ³íòåðåñè íàö³¿. À ÿêáè çà Õìåëüíèöüêîãî ÷³òêî òðèìàëèñÿ "ñòàðèõ äîáðèõ òðàäèö³é" (ñòàð³ çàâæäè º äîáð³, áî ñòàð³, é îñâÿ÷åí³ äîñâ³äîì ïîïåðåäí³õ ïîêîë³íü :) ) ç áèòòÿ áóñóðìàí³â íà áëàãî âñüîãî õðèñòèÿíñüêîãî ñâ³òó, ïîä³áíî äî ìàéáóòíüîãî êîøîâîãî Çàïîðîææÿ ²âàíà ѳðêà, ³ áåç îãëÿäó íà âëàñí³ ³íòåðåñè, íàö³îíàëüí³, òî ïåâíî âèäàâ áè öåé "ѳðêî-êîøîâèé ç ÷àñ³â Õìåëüíèöüêîãî" áóíò³âíîãî øëÿõòè÷à ãåðáó "Àáäàíê" Áîãäàíà-Çèíîâ³ÿ ïîëÿêàì, ç óñ³ìà ïî÷åñíèìè óìîâàìè çâè÷àéíî (ÿêèõ ïîëÿêè í³êîëè íå äîòðèìóâàëè), ÿê ñàìèé ѳðêî ïðèìóñèâ ñâîãî ñó÷àñíèêà Äîðîøåíêà ï³ääàòèñÿ ìîñêàëÿì. (âîíè òåæ óìîâ íå äîòðèìàëè, àëå õî÷ íå ñòðàòèëè, - íàòîì³ñòü ïîäàðóâàëè ìàºòêà, é íàâ³òü ïðèçíà÷èëè íà ïîñàäó âîºâîäè â ñâîºìó öàðñòâ³ - òóò ìîñêàë³, íà â³äì³íó â³ä ïîëÿê³â, âèÿâèëè äåðæàâíó ìóäð³ñòü - íå ãðåáóâàëè çä³áíèìè ëþäüìè) Ïîëÿêè á éîãî ïåâíî ùî ñòðàòèëè (ñòðàòèëè æ ϳäêîâó, à ï³çí³øå Âèãîâñüêîãî - ñåíàòîðà г÷ïîñïîëèòî¿, ì³æ ³íøèì), ³ âñå ïî òîìó. ² òîä³ âæå ìàáóòü íå ò³ëüêè Êîçàöüêî¿ Äîáè â óêð. ³ñòîð³¿, à ïåâíî ùî é ñàìî¿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ³ñòî𳿠òåæ. Çàòå á, äèâè, "ìàòêà áóëà æèâà" :) Ðàçîì ç íàøèìè òðàäèö³ÿìè, "ï³ä ìàòêîþ". À íàö³¿ íå áóëî á, à ò³ëüêè "ïîïóëÿö³ÿ" (´óì³ëüîâñüêèé òåðì³í).

Öå áóâ äðóãèé ïðèêëàä: êîëè çàðàäè çëåòó íàö³¿ òà íàö³îíàëüíî¿ ñâ³äîìîñò³ áóëè âåëèê³ æåðòâè, ³ ïîðóøåíî áóëî ìàéæå 200-ð³÷íó òðàäèö³þ "ëèöàð³â õðèñòèÿíñòâà".

[ Next Thread | Previous Thread | Next Message | Previous Message ]

Replies:

  • Re: 1. Íàö³îíàëüí³ ïð³îðèòåòè òà öåðêîâí³ ³íòåðåñè -- Ìàêñèì, 06:35:16 10/29/02 Tue
    [ Contact Forum Admin ]

    Forum timezone: GMT-8
    VF Version: 3.00b, ConfDB:
    Before posting please read our privacy policy.
    VoyForums(tm) is a Free Service from Voyager Info-Systems.
    Copyright © 1998-2019 Voyager Info-Systems. All Rights Reserved.