Chapter 8: 1840-1855: The History of the United States of America -- School Reform

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Date Posted: 09:28:21 08/23/13 Fri
Author: edy
Author Host/IP: 199-195-168-213.southwestern-wireless.com / 199.195.168.213
Subject: Chapter 8: 1840-1855: The History of the United States of America

* Very low empathy hears the Word is true only, after he dies. -- I�m saying. �a slow person who has honor knows not to follow a genius who is for hurting people also.

* During Van Buren�s administration, �they� removed the Sac and Fox Indians from Illinois. When Chief Black Hawk was defeated and captured in 1832, he said, �I fought hard,�He is now a prisoner to the white men�. He has done nothing for which to be ashamed. He has fought for his country men,� ..You know the cause of our making war. It is known to all white men. They ought to be ashamed of it. Indians are not deceitful. The white men speak bad of the Indian and look at him spitefully. But the Indian does not tell lies. Indians do not steal. An Indian who is as bad as the white men could not live in our nation�.� [zinn. p130]

Chapter 8: 1840 - 1855 History of the United States of America

A government agent told the Fox and Sac Indians, �Our great father�will forbear no longer. He has tried to reclaim them, and they grow worse. He is resolved to sweep them from the face of the earth� if they cannot be made good they must be killed.� [zinn]

Of course, the War of 1812 was popular foremost; people needed the British to go home, so that they will not help the Indians. For the idea of greed needs all the land taken from the Indians for the United States. And here it is, the second to largest land mass the U.S. attained at one time, taken from the Indians. The deep south, as we say, today. Befriend, some whites sincere, others, not. White squatters are encouraged to come on in; and then the Indians are threatened. Forced to sell their lands. Pure blooded red men, the Creek Red Sticks, did not deal with the white men, but dealt fiercely with the Creek mix blood tribes who did befriend the white men. �Jackson himself is at the lead, when the U.S. raids Florida. With eventual control, and ruination of the Red tribes there.

Andrew Jackson, Monroe, Van Buren, William Henry Harrison: On this list is likely at the very least, one true sociopath, who is not a person anymore, because he died eternally already. Harrison is a big follower? The thing is, they all knew full well that the Indians will need their own country. And there is no way, that the leader who ran the show [as if the USA is indeed a dictatorship run by the invisible guy], did not have Scrooges three ghosts draw the line in the sand with his soul: The Indian nation will occur or you will die. And the sociopath chose to die instead. Who was leading the word, were true sociopaths is certain, or the Native Americans, the first Americans, would have been given their country without any need to fight for it. Followers have a special place in hell to overcome is very real. Is very dangerous to suppose knowing better is safe. He who refuses to heed his soul, frankly, society, not even his own parents are to be blamed for his no soul status. And to expect Jackson not to be a crook, na�ve at the very best.

The National Banks, were replaced by Andrew Jackson�s pet banks, -- known as Wildcat Banks, -- and then, as always occurs, the banks issued loans in excess of the federal funds on deposit; thus easy borrowing, (easy money), threw the country into another depression. The National Bank would have done the same; and the country would have still gone into a depression anyway; because earnings didn�t keep up with inflation; or rather, they depressed wages as much as possible; thus the majority could not possibly attain a loan, as the people just aren�t rich enough, -- the reason why easy money occurs every time. Thus, as is always the case, people can�t afford is why they make loans easier to get, which always leads to loan defaults, leading to the big bust. [But if they don�t lower loan requirements, no one will afford, and the bust will arrive right away due to this fact.]

People have to afford to spend, to keep business healthy, so that the economy can be wealthy. People can�t afford, so Andrew Jackson, right before the election of 1836, made an executive order called the �Specie Circular� which demanded that all payments for public land must be made in only gold and silver. He made this order to prevent a bust. People of course, were unable to do this. Thus, the boom was replaced by the big bust. [If you wish for an immediate bust, demand full payment right now, is of course, illegal actually.]

Interest rates through out the 19th Century were simply unregulated. Charge what you want, and charge the most to the poorer people. Ridiculous interest rates, 25%. This of course only makes it more difficult to afford the loan. And, as interest rates are the rate of return only, greed creates inflation only, helps no one, takes advantage: Crooks are always working on loosing their souls. Only. The economy is never okay, until 1940. �Untapped resources, keeping them going.

1836, Martin Van Buren rode into the Whitehouse on Jackson�s coat tails. The moment he became President, a depression was upon the nation most obviously. Factories closed, construction ceased, thousands lost their jobs; hungry people rioted in New York City and Philadelphia. Van Buren�s response was Not to respond. �Less government� interpreted as a deficit reduction term, the excuse as to why the good neglect we guess. (Low wages are why a bad economy / deficits exist.) What less government actually means is, government, therefore, unreasonable people, cannot tell you what to wear, eat; don�t have a right to tax unfairly, or force you to buy a commodity you can�t afford, or else; cannot tell you that you must come to my school or be fined/jailed*; or costly start up costs by government for small business. Anything that keeps people from getting ahead in life/much less, whops you, or anything that has the government playing parent. These type of laws are the most tyrannical. And if we can�t stop them cheaply and easily, we don�t have freedom. If an illegal law is being proposed in Congress, the education that it is, should stop it.

The election of 1840, and the Democrats had an opposing party called the Whig Party, -- in honor of the party in England that opposed monarchy. The depression made it very clear that Van Buren�s Democratic Republicans, are to be blamed. The Whig party nominated William Henry Harrison as their candidate, and John Tyler as his vice-president. General Harrison is of course the victor at the Battle of the Tippecanoe. �From Ohio, Harrison portrayed himself as a poor but honest man, who lived in a log cabin, and earned his way in the most difficult way. The man wasn�t poor particularly; but Jackson�s biggest lesson is how to attain the popular vote. With the campaign slogans: �Tippecanoe and Tyler too�, or, �Van is a used up man..� Van Buren only received a small 60 votes. Harrison overwhelmingly won; however, he died shortly after taking office; and his vice-president John Tyler became President.

1840, and Monroe envisioned a nation that spans all the way to the Pacific,-- was fixing to become reality. By this time a newspaper coined the term �manifest destiny�, and prevailing attitudes were, the United States had more then a right to attain every bit of this territory, all the way to the Pacific. Newspapers tell the people what to think. As today.

1775, Daniel Boone and others cut a 300 mile path from Virginia to Kentucky. Early 1800�s, Jefferson asked congress to fund an expedition deep into the territory west of the Missouri River. Lewis and Clark were hired to take a group inward; and it was a fur trader and his Shoshone wife Sacagawea, who led them through the mountains. And they made it all the way to the Pacific Ocean. [It will be these very trails that the American Natives made, that will be improved upon, and used.] �..By the 1820�s, Oregon country had been claimed by the British, the U.S., Russia, and Spain. While Spain�s claim will go away, Russia decided to move up to the 54th parallel, out of Oregon Territory, to appease President Monroe. Thereafter, Britain and the U.S. sign treaties to share the Oregon Territory. [And a Russian explorer met Lewis and Clark, when he came to discover all the empty lands of Siberia, -- the Rockies.]

The Fur Trade was a huge story all by itself; the biggest commodity out west, with differing fur trade businesses squabbling with each other. They would treat the American Natives unfairly, which caused terrible problems. Congress placed price controls, to help this matter; but fur companies lobbied for these price controls to go away; and they did by 1823. By 1840, the word spread about, becoming popular belief, is that Britain now needs to leave the Oregon Territory. �54 forty or fight!� was the rallying cry. This was Democrat James K. Polk�s campaign slogan in the campaign of 1844. Fortunately, a compromise came about instead. The British pulled above the 49th parallel.

Meanwhile, Texas was treated like the State of Coahuila, Mexico�s puppy. The dictatorship of Mexico was given the opportunity to accept Texas as a separate State of Mexico, as opposed to being part of the State of Coahuila. President General Santa Anna turned this down. So Texans fought Mexico for independence. Texas won, and now became its own country: the Republic of Texas. 1836. But the border to the south and west, was fuzzy, (in dispute); Texas was not yet the shape it is today. �.The U.S. was not as of yet, in 1836, interested in Texas becoming a state; because every time a territory wanted to be a state, the same old problem resurfaced: In order for equal representation in Congress, it was important that slave states equaled non slave states.

1821, there was a near equal amount of slave states and free states. To keep the free and slave states equal, Missouri had to be a slave state. However, all states above the 36, 30 degree parallel, are to be free states, except for, Missouri.* This is referred to as the Missouri Compromise; and one of at least 3 compromises, that kept the United States from going into a civil war, -- and is why Henry Clay, Speaker of the House, was called the Great Compromiser. �.And this was the way war was avoided until 1860, when the Civil War began. Arkansas, made a state, 1836; Michigan, 1837; Florida, 1845; Texas, 1846. As Texas was finally admitted,-- ten years Texas was its own country--, when Texas could be admitted as a slave state, making the states equal as they could. Plus, with Texas, once it became a state, Mexico will become very angry. Well, this is exactly what did occur. �.Then Iowa, 1846; Wisconsin, 1848; California, 1850; Minnesota, 1850; Oregon, 1859; and during the civil war, Kansas became a state, 1861; West Virginia, 1863; Nevada, 1864.

Texas became a state, so now Mexico was not on speaking terms with the United States. And frankly, this was good for the U.S. As the United States citizens, believed the southwestern territory should be ours, anyway.

By 1860, there were 4,000,000 slaves in the southern States. There were farms that had only one or two slaves, all the way to the largest plantations, which had over a thousand slaves. �.Directly after the Civil War the Cotton Gin will allow a machine to separate the seeds from the cotton, which will do away with the need for all these workers. Meanwhile, Cotton was King due to a large demand; but they paid no salaries, -- although oddly, we say this, but the argument at the time was, it is costing you more to maintain slaves. And it did.

1831, Nat Turner, a slave, led an uprising in Virginia. 55 white people died. Scaring the southern planters to no end, they enacted the �slave codes�: southern postmasters refused to deliver abolitionist literature, and the Southern members of the House of Representatives secured the passage of a gag rule, 1836, preventing any Representatives from reading a petition urging the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia. The gag rule was repealed 8 year later, through the efforts of John Quincy Adams. Mostly the slave codes placed black people under the strictest supervision, -- including the free black people who lived in the south. Negros were not allowed to testify in court on their own behalf; had to register and post bonds for good behavior; forbidden to assemble in order to learn reading and writing.

1820�s, and the abolitionist movement began to pick up steam. The American people were building this movement, to free the slaves; to save the day, to rescue the enslaved people, can only occur if you do, as we are the arm of God; for He cannot act physically, without us. And behind every well known abolitionist, the Quakers were near by.

1831, William Lloyd Garrison of Massachusetts, a black man, published a paper called the Liberator. He was blamed for Nat Turner�s rebellion. �. The Grimke sisters freed their slaves and became Quakers, and devoted their lives to educating against slavery. There were so many defenders who came out to stop the evils of slavery: Lucretia Mott, Preacher, Theodore Parker of Boston, Quaker Poet John Greenleaf Whittier wrote verses concerning the crime of slavery. Other writers, James Russell Lowell, Wendell Philips, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Walt Whitman. Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1852, wrote �Uncle Toms Cabin�. This novel did much towards educating the evils of slavery.

Women�s Rights were educated, and the Seneca Falls convention for this cause, began with the words, �We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men and women are created equal.� 1848: Elizabeth Cady Stanton read a list of rights at this first convention for women�s rights. Mrs. Stanton also wrote the words for Susan B. Anthony, who traveled the country educating for women�s rights; her entire adult life. But slavery had to go away, before concern for women�s rights can be truly addressed; as not being allowed to own property, the husband makes the decisions, only the husband has a say concerning their children, is bad, even as bad as slavery, if you live with a bad man; but it was not literally slavery. At any rate, Susan B. Anthony did have to deal with women�s rights as a secondary, later on concern. Of course, she did see women�s rights could occur right now as well. [It would be better to deal with all �I am better� edicts all at once, -- if prejudice were to be eliminated fully, actually.]

Frederick Douglass, had learned to read and write while he was an enslaved house servant; and he escaped, 1838. He wrote books, and lectured against slavery. �. James Forten was a wealthy Philadelphia sail maker, also a black man, who financially contributed to the cause of educating against the evils of slavery; and in fact, he financed Garrison�s paper, the Liberator. Harriet Tubman was a runaway slave herself; and once she did, she became part of the underground railroad, that helped slaves escape. Tubman would lead them north; and they would spend the night in the homes of Quakers, or whoever were helping the cause. �All these speakers and more, encouraged, and had many Methodists and Baptists joining the important cause. The continual 40 years and more, persistence, of the anti slavery movement, includes their followers [were nobodies mob], are the relevant ones in history. And without them, where would we be.

At the height of the anti slavery movement, nearly 2,000 abolitionist societies existed.

So why did 40 years have to go by, and an actual war, to be rid of slavery? Is how hard hearted the people were at the time is so.

All of us have a personal relationship [personal responsibility], with every person ever born. We are to earn every person in existence.

As it was, the largest plantations were impersonal also, may have been the most likely places where extreme abuse, including gross neglect, occurred. Yet, Sojourner Truth was enslaved at a small farm, and was beaten. And while physical abuse makes things clear the most; the truth is, malnourishment, the slaves suffered, is an extreme crime all by itself.

1837, and Professor George Tucker, from the University of Virginia, wrote a book explaining why slavery was economically inefficient as well as less profitable. And, it was.
[Low wages make all businesses profoundly less profitable today.]

The election of 1844: Henry Clay, the Whig candidate; James G. Birney, candidate of
the Abolitionist Liberty Party, -- opposed to making Texas a State; and James K. Polk,
Democrat from Tennessee. His campaign slogans: �The re-annexation of Texas, and re-occupation of Oregon!� and �fifty-four forty or fight!�

All these candidates discussed expansion instead of slavery. And this is why the Democrats won, James K. Polk, -- inasmuch as, the for slavery candidate, won, was desperately needed to be in the white house at this late hour, is what the south thought.

Mediocrity will drop an important subject; but this subject will not go away.

Polk needed an excuse to claim the southwest territory, -- New Mexico/Arizona, and upper California. The Mexican government wasn�t on speaking terms, since the U.S. became their next door neighbor, literally, with the annexation of Texas 1846. �So Polk sent an Ambassador to Mexico, to offer a purchase of this territory. Mexico�s government would not even see him. Thus, he decided to use the fuzzy territory, which both Mexico and Texas claimed as their own, as an excuse for war. The very year Texas became a state, he dispatched troops under General Zachary Taylor who were just north of the Nueces River*, to go deep into fuzzy territory, near the Rio Grande. It took a spell for Mexico to react at all; and Polk was beginning to believe they were not ever going to react, which would give him a pretext for war; and he considered to simply declare war without a pretext, when low and behold, Mexican Troops crossed over the Rio Grande, into fuzzy territory, and the first battle of the Mexican War began. �..Such as this war was, the U.S. Troops did not have very much resistance: At Sonoma, William B. Ide and American settlers proclaimed the Republic of California, hoisting a red flag with a bear and star painted on it as a symbol of independence. �Commander J.D. Sloat of the U.S. Navy and forces at Monterey, raised the U.S. flag�. Commodore Robert F. Stocktan captured Los Angeles. Brigadier General S.W. Kearney occupied Santa Fe, securing control of New Mexico.� General Zachery Taylor won victories at the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. He went on to capture Monterey; stronger then Santa Anna�s Troops at Buena Vista. �.Feb. 1847. General Winfield Scott, and marines pulled onto the shores of Mexico near Veracruz, marching, [to the halls of Montezuma], to Mexico city, where they had control. End of the war, apparently. It was said that Polk wanted to overtake Mexico for keeps. Others disagreed with him about keeping Mexico.

Mexico was forced to accept that not only Texas, but New Mexico/Arizona, upper California, were U.S. territory. The United States paid Mexico 15,000,000 dollars plus $3,250,000 debt forgiveness. The treaty was officially signed Feb. 2, 1848.

John Quincy Adams, wrote in his diary that the conflict over Missouri�s entrance into the Union was a �mere preamble, -- a title page to a great, tragic volume.�

_____________________________________

* President Polk wanted this 36� 30� parallel to go all the way to the Pacific. �The Wilmot Proviso, proposed by David Wilmot, Democrat from Pennsylvania, wanted no slavery in the southwest territory. All but one northern state voted for this proviso. John C. Calhoun of South Carolina wanted the �rights� of the slave owners, -- right to abuse others? Senator Lewis Case of Michigan, and Stephen A. Douglas, wanted the states to choose: a States issue. -- as to whether or not you can abuse people? States better follow the golden rule exactly is the law only.

* The Anti Rent War in the Hudson Valley. Families who had leased land for a hundred years or more, were told to leave. Farmers dressed up as Indians and tarred and feathered sheriffs who tried to collect rents. A deputy Sheriff was murdered. By 1846, the New York State governor urged the legislature to pass a law favoring the poor.

* Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, in 1793, and is a pioneer of mass production. The cotton gin machine separated seeds from the fibers much faster then one could do by hand. �.The south also grew, tobacco, rice, sugar cane.

*During the abolitionist movement, an attempt to move slaves back to Africa, so that they will be free, to Liberia, Sierra Leone, occurred. Only about 1400 black people left for Africa. 1831.

*The Nueces river is the most northern border of today�s Corpus Christi. Infested with alligators. Corpus never was part of the Republic of Texas; nor was west Texas and the panhandle part of the country of Texas. I recommend the beach, not the Nueces river, as the best outdoor lunch spot. Note the good sized river as you drive past it on highway 37.
[As they say the term picnic means to hurt black people, -- is where the term came from.]

*1793, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law. This allowed a slave owner to recover his runaway slave who makes it to the north, if he goes to court. Slaves had to escape all the way to Canada. The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, was itself a compromise to stay out of war. Abolitionist northerners simply ignored this law.

*Other reform movements at the time: The Temperance Movement. Education reforms:
Demanding all children receive an education. By 1850, all white children were receiving an elementary education in the northern states. But there were only about 55 high schools.

*Ernestine Rose, (1810-1892), fled from home when she was being forced to marry.
Ultimately, she traveled the country preaching equal rights for women, the crime of
Slavery, the crime of low wages and unsafe working conditions, freedom of religion, and
Free public education.

*Dorothea Dix volunteered to teach Sunday school at a prison. There she found gross abuses, where the mentally ill, even the retarded were jailed with criminals. Dorothea Dix decided to make it her business to show up at many mental homes, where she found people chained, in cellars or closets, stalls, pens. By 1845, she had traveled 10,000 miles educating against these evils. 15 states set up special hospitals to treat the mentally ill. ---During her travels upon a stagecoach she and the other passenger were robbed at gunpoint. The robbers heard that if they needed the money this bad she will be more then happy to simply give it to them, in compassionate concern. This made the robbers feel bad.

*The Gadsden Purchase, named for James Gadsden of S.C. who was Minister to Mexico,
negotiated a piece of land, making the U.S. shaped as it is today, except for Alaska.

*Canada: It is said that the war of 1812 did create a surge in Canadian nationalism. However Canada continued to be a British colony, until: 1837, a group of French Canadians, led by Louis Joseph Papineau, and a group of English speaking Canadians, led by William Lyon Mackenzie, took up arms in order to attain more self government. The British government, not wishing to repeat the Revolutionary War in Canada, sent a commission to investigate the unrest. Self government was suggested as correct. 1840, an Act of Union joined Upper and Lower Canada under one parliament; 1849, the new union was given the right to control its own domestic affairs. The federal union of Canada was born by an act of the British Parliament 1867. Canada became the first self governing dominion in the world wide British Empire.

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