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Date Posted: 10:17:56 07/18/03 Fri
Author: Lidiane Luiza da Cunha
Subject: Task 11

Explain what a genre-based approach is.
Genre based approach in ESL context is basically a way to teach specially reading and writing activities taking in consideration the genres. The genres are abstract, socially recognised ways of using language such as recipes, advertisements, letters, shopping list, etc; thus, genres are not merely divided into drama, poetry, and fiction, but also a variety of texts.
In genre based approach, by highlighting the social purposes of discourse in terms of genres, teaching may raise students' awareness of the linguistic features of a genre and allow them to develop literacy across a variety of genres they will encounter in texts. This happens, because, according to some linguists, the genre may be identified through an examination of the structure of a text due to the fact that, when writing, we follow certain conventions for organising messages because we want our reader to recognise our social purposes. By examining these conventions and purposes, teachers allow students to deal with vocabulary, grammar and structural organization of specific genres, that is, the teachers model appropriate text structure. Consequently, it provides a guide for students when they attempt to analyze and produce texts of given genre. Accordingly, teachers may provide these models for constructing texts “through the use of box diagrams, representing the major parts of a text in schematic form”.
Nevertheless, genre approach is not a matter of imposing prescriptions text structures as some people think. It is rather based on an analysis of how a text creates meaning in its context of use (that varies according to each genre), providing students knowledge to write in the same genre themselves.
Genre based approach is also divided into three different ways:
*Systemic Functional view in which a genre is defined as a staged, goal oriented social process involving the interaction of participants using language in a conventional, step-wise structure;
· An ‘ESP’ perspective in which a genre includes a class of communicative events linked by shared purpose recognized by the members of a particular community. These shared purpose help to shape the ways genre is structured and the choices of content and style it makes available;
· A ‘New Rhetoric’ view which gives more emphasis to the action of the discourse. It is used to establish the connections between genre and repeated situations as well as to identify the way in which genres are seen as recurrent rhetorical actions.
Reference:
*Genre-based approaches in:http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~enhyland/lectures_1-10.htm )
*Adapting genre theory to EFL contexts http://www.encounters.jp/mike/professional/publications/bevseminar.html
*Writing across genres http://langue.hyper.chubu.ac.jp/jalt/pub/tlt/00/jul/gallagher.html

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