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Date Posted: 12:50:16 10/03/01 Wed
Author: Ernst Zahrava
Subject: Re: äåÿê³ ïèòàííÿ
In reply to: Òðåéòÿê 's message, "äåÿê³ ïèòàííÿ" on 15:32:08 10/02/01 Tue

Ãàäàþ òðåáà âèõîäèòè ç òèõ ãîëîâíèõ çàâäàíü, ùî ñòîÿòü ïåðåä äåðæàâîþ. Íà ïî÷àòêó ñòîë³òòÿ çàâäàííÿ áóëè ³íø³. Çàíàäòî âåëèêîþ áóëà ïð³ðâà ì³æ ï³äïðèºìöÿìè òà ¿õí³ìè ðîá³òíèêàìè, à ãîëîâíå, äëÿ ðîá³òíèê³â íå áóëè çàáåçïå÷åí³ ãîëîâí³ áëàãà – îñâ³òà, îõîðîíà çäîðîâ”ÿ, âîíè ñòðàæäàëè â³ä ñâàâîë³ ï³äïðèºìö³â òîùî. Òîä³ ãîëîâíèì äëÿ äåðæàâè áóëî ïî-ïåðøå íàâåñòè ïîðÿäîê ó ñîö³àëüí³é ñôåð³. Ïîðÿä ç òèì ïî-äðóãå, ¿é òðåáà áóëî ïèëüíóâàòè òîãî, ùîá êîðïîðàö³¿ íå ñòàëè ñèëüí³øèìè çà äåðæàâó (ùîá ìàòè çìîãó çä³éñíèòè ïåðøå, ³ âçàãàë³ âåñòè ñàìîñò³éíó, â³ä âîë³ âåëèêèõ êîðïîðàö³é, ïîë³òèêó). Òîä³ áóëî âæèòî ïåâíèõ (ÿ á ñêàçàâ ñîö³àë-äåìîêðàòè÷íèõ) çàõîä³â. Äëÿ ïåðøîãî – äåðæàâà ðåãóëþâàëà çàðîá³òíèé ì³í³ìóì, âçÿëà íà ñåáå çàáåçïå÷åííÿ áåçêîøòîâíî¿ ìåäèöèíè òà îñâ³òè, ïåðåðîçïîä³ëÿëà ïîäàòêè íà êîðèñòü á³äí³øèõ òà ùå äóæå øèðîêèé êîìïëåêñ ³íøèõ çàõîä³â. Äëÿ äðóãîãî äåðæàâà ââåëà Àíòèìîíîïîëüíèé Àêò, ââåëà ùîð³÷íó çâ³òí³ñòü êîðïîðàö³é, ââåëà ïîäàòêè íå ëèøå íà áàãàòèõ (íà âëàñíèê³â êîðïîðàö³é), à é íà ñàì³ êîðïîðàö³¿. Âçàãàë³ áóëî ââåäåíî øèðîêå äåðæàâíå ðåãóëþâàííÿ, äå äåðæàâà äèêòóâàëà êîðïîðàö³ÿì ö³íè, äîçâîëÿëà ÷è çàáîðîíÿëà ð³ä ä³ÿëüíîñò³, çîáîâ'ÿçóâàëà ¿õ äî ïåâíèõ ä³é, äèêòóâàëà ñê³ëüêè âîíè ìîæóòü ìàòè ³íîçåìíèõ âëàñíèê³â, ³ ñê³ëüêè â³äñîòê³â àêö³é ìîæå ìàòè îäèí âëàñíèê òîùî. ßê äîäàòîê äî öüîãî áóëà ââåäåíà äåðæàâíà âëàñí³ñòü ( â äåÿêèõ êðà¿íàõ ñîö³àë³ñòè ââîäèëè ¿¿, ÿê øëÿõ äî ñîö³àë³çìó, òîáòî äî äî ð³âíîñò³).

Àëå òåïåð ïðîáëåìà ñòàëà ³íøîþ. Òðåáà çàõèùàòèñÿ ïðîòè ÒÍÊ, òðåáà ðÿòóâàòè äåìîêðàò³þ, ÿê ñàìîóïðàâë³ííÿ òåðèòîð³é (äåðæàâ). Òîìó ³ òàêòèêà äåðæàâ ìóñèòü çì³íèòèñÿ. Ðåãóëþâàòè êîðïîðàö³¿ ñòàâàòèìå âñå ñêëàäí³øå.
Îñê³ëüêè ÒÍÊ ñòàþòü âñåñâ³òíüîþ ïîòóãîþ, òî ëîêàëüí³ ïîòóãè - äåðæàâè íå çìîæóòü êîíòðîëþâàòè ïîòóãè âñåñâ³òí³. Òàêèì ÷èíîì ðåãóëÿö³¿ â³ä³éäóòü ó ìèíóëå. ªäèíîþ ï³äïîðîþ äåðæàâ çàëèøàºòüñÿ äåðæàâíèé ñåêòîð, ïîáóäîâàíèé ÿê áóäü-ÿêà íàðîäíà (àêö³îíåðíà) êîðïîðàö³ÿ (êîíãëîìåðàò), àáî ÿê ðÿä äåðæàâíèõ êîðïîðàö³é.
Ãàäàþ, ùî ò³ ç íèõ, ùî íå º ñòðàòåã³÷í³, äîö³ëüíî àêö³îíóâàòè (51% äåðæàâ³, ðåøòà – êàï³òàëîâêëàäíèêàì).
Áåçóìîâíî ö³ íàö³îíàëüí³ êîðïîðàö³¿ ìóñÿòü áóòè îðãàí³çîâàí³ òàê ñàìî ÿê ³ ïðèâàòí³. Ëèøå â öüîìó ðàç³ âîíè áóäóòü çä³áí³ âèòðèìóâàòè êîíêóðåíòíó áîðîòüáó.
Äåðæàâíèé ñåêòîð ìóñèòü áóòè ðåôîðìîâàíèé ó íàá³ð êîðïîðàö³é (ìîæå ³ îäíó áàãàòîãàëóçåâó) îðãàí³çîâàíèõ ³ ä³þ÷èõ çà ïðèíöèïàìè íàðîäíèõ êîðïîðàö³é (ÿêèìè º ïåðåâàæíà á³ëüø³ñòü ÒÍÊ, ïðèíàéìí³ àìåðèêàíñüêèõ ³ ºâðîïåéñüêèõ). Òàêà æ ñàìà ðàäà äèðåêòîð³â òà “øåôè-âèêîíàâö³” òà é âñå ³íøå. Ãîëîâíå, ùîá äëÿ óðÿäó öÿ êîðïîðàö³ÿ âèãëÿäàëà ÿê îäíà ç êîðïîðàö³é, ùî ä³þòü â êðà¿í³ ³ ¿¿ ñòàâëåííÿ äî íå¿ (ïîäàòêè, âèìîãè äî ðîçêðèòòÿ ïîêàçíèê³â ä³ÿëüíîñò³ òà óâåñü êîìïëåêñ ðåãóëÿö³é) íå â³äð³çíÿëîñÿ â³ä ñòàâëåííÿ äî ³íøèõ. Ïðèíàéìí³ äîòè ïîêè âñå ãàðàçä. Ö³ëêîì î÷åâèäíèì º, ùî äåðæàâà ìîæå âòðó÷àòèñÿ ëèøå çà óìîâ, ÿêùî ñïðàâè ö³º¿ êîìïàí³¿ ñòàþòü çàãðîæåíèìè. Òî÷í³ñ³íüêî òàê, ÿê öå º çàðàç ó áóäü-ÿê³é ïåðåäîâ³é äåðæàâ³ ñòîñîâíî ¿õí³õ âåëèêèõ êîðïîðàö³é, ÿê³ ö³ëêîì ñïðàâåäëèâî ñïðèéìàþòüñÿ ÿê íàö³îíàëüíå íàäáàííÿ, à òàêîæ ¿õí³õ äåðæàâíèõ êîðïîðàö³é. Ïðèêëàäè öüîãî º ðîçïîâñþäæåíèìè ñêð³çü, àëå çàðàç öå îñîáëèâî âèäíî ïî ñòàâëåíþ ÿïîíñüêîãî òà ï³âäåííîêîðåéñüêîãî óðÿä³â äî ñâî¿õ â³ò÷èçíÿíèõ ï³ä³ðâàíèõ êðèçîþ ã³ãàíò³â.

Ùî æ ñòîñóºòüñÿ ñîö³àëüíî¿ ñôåðè, òî “äî êðàùèõ ÷àñ³â” äåðæàâ³ êðàùå ãàðàíòóâàòè ëèøå ì³í³ìóì, ðåøòó æ â³ääàâàòè íà ñàìîîðãàí³çàö³þ ñóñï³ëüñòâà – ð³çí³ ôîíäè, òîâàðèñòâà òîùî.

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