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Date Posted: 15:32:08 10/02/01 Tue
Author: Òðåéòÿê
Subject: äåÿê³ ïèòàííÿ
In reply to: Òðåéòÿê 's message, "äóìêè ïðî óêðà¿íñüêàó åêîíîì³êó" on 15:15:08 10/02/01 Tue

òàêîæ ðåêîìåíäóþ âñ³ì äî ïðî÷èòàííÿ äðóãó ñòàòòþ:

Åðíñò Çàãðàâà
ÃËÎÁÀ˲ÇÀÖ²ß ² ÍÀÖ²¯


ÿ çã³äíèé, äåðæ. âëàñí³ñòü ïîâèííà áóòè åôåêòèâíîþ é äàâàòè ïðèáóòîê. Öå ïðàâèëüíî. Àëå ùî òîä³ îçíà÷àòèìå â³äîêðåìëåííÿ ¿¿ â³ä ðîçïîä³ëü÷èõ îðãàí³â äåðæàâè, òîáòî â³ä áåçïîñåðåäí³õ âèäàòê³â íà ñîö³àëüíèé çàõèñò? Íàïðèêëàä, ïî ðîçâèíóòèõ êðà¿íàõ ö³ âèäàòêè çä³éñíþþòüñÿ ãîëîâíèì ÷èíîì çà ðàõóíîê ïîäàòê³â ç ïðèâàòíèõ âëàñíèê³â. Íàéá³ëüø³ ïðèáóòêè ìàþòü ò³ ïðèâàòí³ âëàñíèêè, ùî âîëîä³þòü çàñîáàìè
âèðîáíèöòâà (çâè÷àéíî, íå ò³ëüêè âîíè, àëå âîíè º íàéá³ëüøîþ êàòåîð³ºþ ç-ïîì³æ ³íøèõ îòðèìóâà÷³â íàäïðèáóòê³â). ³äïîâ³äíî ç íèõ îòðèìóºìî é ëåâîâó ÷àñòêó ïîäàòê³â. Ïðîòå, â òîìó ðàç³, êîëè çàñîáè âèðîáíèöòâà íàëåæàòü äåðæàâ³, ç êîãî âîíà áðàòèìå ïîäàòêè? Âèõîäèòü òàê, ùî ç ñåáå ñàìî¿. Òîáòî îòðèìóºìî ùîñü ïîä³áíå íà çâè÷àéíèé ðîçïîä³ë.

Òî ÿê æå óíèêíóòè öüîãî áàíàëüíîãî ðîçïîä³ëó?

Âñòàíîâèòè ÷³òêå ðåãóëþâàííÿ (ÿêîãî ôàêòè÷íî íå áóëî â ÑÐÑÐ), òîáòî áðàòè òîé æå ñàìèé ïîäàòîê (ïîä³áíî ÿê
êàï³òàë³ñòè÷í³ êðà¿í öå ðîáëÿòü â³äíîñíî ïðèâàòíèõ âëàñíèê³â)? Òîáòî ïðîäîâæèòè íà òîìó øëÿõó äî êîìåðö³àë³çàö³¿ äåðæàâíî¿ âëàñíîñò³? (ïåðåäáà÷óâàíèé íåäîë³ê òàêî¿ ñõåìè: âåëèêà çàëåæí³ñòü â³ä äåðæ. àïàðàòó,
êîòðèé çä³ñíþâàòèìå êîíòðîëü çà òàêèì ðåãóëþâàííÿì)

ßê³ êîíêðåòí³ ä³¿ ìàþòü áóòè ñïðìîâàí³ íà óíèêíåííÿ çâè÷àéíîãî ðîçïîä³ëó?

Ùî æ ñòîñóºòüñÿ ïåíñiîíåð³â, òî ÿ ñõèëüíèé öå â³äîêðåìëþâàòè â³ä çàãàëüíî¿ ïðîáëåìè ñîö³àëüíîãî çàõèñòó, õî÷ âåëèêà ÷àñòèíà ïåíñ³îíåð³â é ï³äïàäຠï³ä öþ êàòåãîð³þ. Çîêðåìà ïî ðîçâèíóòèõ êàï³òàë³ñòèíèõ êðà¿íàõ ³ñíóþòü ð³çí³ ôîðìè ïåíñ³éíîãî çàáåçïå÷åííÿ, ÿê³ ñï³â³ñíóþòü ç ïåðåâàãîþ òî¿ ÷è ³íøî¿ ôîðìè ïî ð³çíèõ êðà¿íàõ:

1. Âèïëà÷óº ô³ðìà áåçïîñåðåäíüî.
2. Ïåíñ³ÿ âèïëà÷óºòüñÿ ÷åðåç â³äïîâ³äíèé ïåíñ³éíèé ôîíä - òîáòî ïåíñ³éíå ñòðàõóâàííÿ.
3. Âèïëà÷óº äåðæàâà - öå ÿê ïðàâèëî ìàëîçàáåçïå÷åí³ ïåíñ³îíåðè - òîáòî öÿ ãðóïà é ïîòðàïëÿº â êàòåãîð³þ
"÷èñòîãî" ñîö. çàõèñòó.

 ÑÐÑÐ ïåíñ³éíå çàáåçïå÷åííÿ áóëî ïîâí³ñòþ ïîêëàäåíå íà äåðæàâó, õî÷à â îñòàíí³ ðîêè ³ñíóâàííÿ é ïî÷èíàëà ïîòðîõó âïðîâàäæóâàòèñü ñèñòåìà ïåíñ³éíèõ ôîíä³â (çîêðåìà äîäàòêè äî äåðæàâíèõ ïåíñ³é ÷åðåç íàêîïè÷åííÿ âïðîäîâæ ðîê³â âèäàòê³â ³ç çàðîá³òíî¿ ïëàòí³ íà ìàéáóòíþ ïåíñ³þ. Ùîïðàâäà, ÷åðåç ï³çí³øèé ðîçïàä äåðæàâè òà ïîäàëüøèé åêîíîì³÷íèé êîëàïñ âñ³ ö³ íà êîïè÷åí³ íàñåëåííÿì ãðîø³ ï³øëè ó íåáóòòÿ, äåñü "çàãóáèëèñÿ", ïîä³áíî äî òèõ, ùî çáåð³ãàëèñÿ íà îñîáèñòèõ ðàõóíêàõ ãðîìàäÿí ÑÐÑÐ)

Îòæå, ïèòàííÿ: ÿêó ñèñòåìó ïåíñ³éíîãî çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ñë³ä îáðàòè? ßêùî çì³øàíó, òî ÿêå ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ ïîì³æ ð³çíìè ôîðìàìè º áàæàíèì?

------

Òàê, íà ð³âí³ âåëèêèõ êîðïîðàö³é ç âåëèêîþ ê³ëüê³ñòþ àêö³îíåð³â íåìຠæîäíî¿ ð³çíèö³ ì³æ "ïðèâàòíèì âëàñíèêîì" (áî æ íàñïðàâä³ òèõ âëàñíèê³ áàãàòî) ³ äåðæàâîþ. Àëå ÿêùî ñïóñòèñÿ íèæ÷å, íà ð³âåíü íåâåëèêîãî ï³äïðèºìñòâà, ñêàæèìî ç äâîìà-òðüîìà ñîòíÿìè ïðàö³âíèê³â? Öå âæå íå ìàéñòåðíÿ. Òî ìîæóòü ñïðàâæí³ çàñîáè âèðîáíèöòâà, àëå äî âåëèêî¿ êîðïîðàö³¿ ùå äóæå äàëåêî. Òî ùî ðîáèòè ç òàêèìè ï³äïðèºìñòâàìè? ×è ìîæóòü âîíè çíàõîäèòèñü ó ïðèâàòí³é âëàñíîñò³?

Äå ìຠïðîëÿãàòè ìåæà ïðèâàòíà âëàñí³ñòü-äåðæàâíà âëàñí³ñòü? (Íïð., çâè÷àéíà ñîö³àë³ñòè÷íà ñõåìà çàïåðå÷óº
ïðèâàòíó âëàñí³ñòü ñàìå íà çàñîáè âèðîáíèöòâà)

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