| Subject: VAI Y KIEN SAU BAI “ NEN CONG NGHIEP CAO HOC, TIEN SY TRONG NGANH KIEN TRUC” |
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ndmt
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Date Posted: 22:02:36 02/07/03 Fri
VAI Y KIEN SAU BAI “ NEN CONG NGHIEP CAO HOC, TIEN SY TRONG NGANH KIEN TRUC”
Thuc su viec toi phai viet mot dieu gi do de gui len mang nhu luc nay da tu lau khong con nam trong y dau cua toi nua. Co le phan cuoi buc thu cua ban da khien toi viet ra nhung dieu nay.
Toi xin chia buon vi ban da truot trong viec thi vao vao khoa “cao hoc KT.” Nhung dieu truoc tien toi muon noi la du sao ban cung nen tu trach o chinh minh, it ra la o cho ban da khong vuot qua duoc muc tieu vao “cao hoc kien truc” cua ban, toi chua de cap den ban chat cua muc tieu do nhu the nao va du no nhu the nao di nua thi chinh ban cung da chap nhan gia nhap vao no. Neu nhu ban khong bi truot thi sao? Ban se duoc hoc cai goi la “thac sy kien truc” va roi toi khong chac rang ban se khong hoc tiep cai goi la “tien sy kien truc”. De roi ban chinh la cai “Tai Hoa” kia. Ban that mau thuan.
Thu hai, khi doc het buc thu, toi tu hoi rang: phai chang ban da thay duoc van de?
Co the ban da nhan ra mot vai dieu trong dao tao nhung chua that triet de, that ky luong. Va toi cung chua tim thay duoc can nguyen cua no trong do.
Toi se viet ra nhung gi minh biet de mong rang no se co ich
Tat ca bat dau tu dao tao.
Mo hinh dao tao KTS hien nay co hai hinh thuc chinh
1. Hinh thuc dao tao nghe (formation professionnelle) theo kieu l’Ecole de Beaux-Art (dien hinh o Phap) va cho den ngay nay van duoc duy tri nhung co cai tien hon (ve phuong dien co cau mon hoc va khoi luong cung nhu chat luong kien thuc) trong he thong dao tao KTS tai Phap. Doi voi he thong nay se khong co dao tao cai goi la “cao hoc kien truc”, di nhien, vi chi co cao hoc ( Master of Architecture - M.Arch) neu truoc do ban la cu nhan kien truc ( Barchelor of Architecture- B.Arch)( xin xem them bai “so sanh cac kieu dao tao kien truc” cua kts Nguyen Huu Thai ,TCKT so 5-2002). Cac SV tot nghiep (6 nam) o he thong nay se duoc cap mot bang cap kien truc DPLG (Diplômé Par Le Gouvernement ) tuc la mot bang cap kien truc duoc quoc gia cong nhan va nhu vay, di nhien duoc the gioi cong nhan. Sau do phan lon ho hanh nghe va duoc goi cung nhu tu hao goi minh la Kien Truc Su DPLG. Cac hoc vi Thac sy (Master), Tien sy (PhD) hay Tren Tien sy (Post-PhD) chi phuc vu cho nghien cuu va giang day, voi moi linh vuc lien quan. Nhung nguoi thuoc he thong nay khong ai ngo ngan xung minh la Thac sy hay Tien Sy Kien Truc, vi doi voi ho DPLG la bang cap cao nhat cua nghe nghiep kien truc. O day phan biet ro giua nghe nghiep voi hoc vi va hoc ham ( giao su…).
2. He thong thu hai do la kieu dao tao Dai Hoc (Formation Universitaire), dien hinh cho he thong nay la cac truong DH o Hoa Ky. Voi kieu dao tao nay, SV se chon mot truong kien truc (College hay School hoac nho hon la Department of Architetcure) cua mot Dai Hoc (Tong Hop)-University nao do. Tot nghiep 5 nam o cac truong nay SV duoc nhan bang, di nhien la Cu Nhan Kien truc ( Bachelor of Architecture) duoc cong nhan boi National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) – Uy Ban Chung Nhan (kien truc) Quoc Gia- cua Hoa Ky. Sau do cac cu nhan nay phai lam viec trong mot VP kien truc nao do cho den khi ho duoc cong nhan la mot kien truc su (Licensed Architect). Tuy nhien do tinh chat cua he thong dao tao kieu Dai Hoc Tong Hop nay va chinh thuc te da cho thay rang, de co the co cho dung trong mot xa hoi canh tranh khoc liet nhu Hoa Ky thi Cu Nhan Kien Truc chua du de co the nghi den cung nhu chua du tham quyen va nang luc nghe nghiep trong ly thuyet lan thuc hanh. Dieu kien cho mot vi tri xa hoi la de hieu, chung ta co the nhan thay ngay o VN. Rieng ve phuong dien nghe nghiep thi Master la quan trong vi no co the xac dinh tham quyen va nang luc nghe nghiep, hon nua no lien quan truc tiep den he thong dao tao. Moi rac roi va ly thu deu nam o day.
Nhu vay la vi nhung ly do neu tren, cac kts tu NAAB can tiep tuc chuong trinh Cao Hoc (Graduate Program) de co bang Thac Sy (Master) sau khi da hoc DH (undergraduate) va co Cu Nhan ( Bachelor). De duoc vao duoc Truong Cao Hoc ( Graduate School) hay Phan Khoa Cao Hoc (Graduate Department ), cac thi sinh phai de trinh cho phong tuyen sinh (Administration), cua truong minh muon dang, ky thong thuong la nhung thu sau:
1. Ho So dang ky ( Application Form) theo mau cua tung truong. trong do ban phai hoan thanh day du va co hai yeu cau quan trong ma ban phai thi truoc do:
Diem GRE (Graduate Record Examinations), day la mot dang test IQ bang tieng Anh do Co Quan Khao Thi cua Hoa ky soan thao nham kiem tra xem ban co du ky nang, tri thong minh, oc phan tich, tong hop va danh gia… noi chung la mot tri oc du de hoc o chuong trinh cao hoc.
Diem TOEFL doi voi SV quoc te. Thong thuong cac truong o Hoa Ky doi tu 550 diem tro len, nhung truong kien truc o Sydney va mot so truong khac o Canada… yeu cau den 600.
2. Mot Portfolio (ho so roi) gom cac ban ve, anh mo hinh, slice… gioi thieu cac tac pham tot nhat ma ban da thuc hien duoc. Mot ban tuyen sinh cua truong do xem xet ban co du nang luc de hoc tiep cao hoc kien truc hay khong.
3. Mot outline trinh bay so luoc van de ban se nghien cuu.
4. Cac thu gioi thieu (reference letter), thuong la 3 la. Muc dich cua nhung thu nay la thong qua loi gioi thieu cung nhu su danh gia cua cac GS da tung day hay huong dan ban, ban tuyen sinh se xac dinh ban co du tu cach de hoc cao hoc o truong cua ho hay khong. Cac thu gioi thieu nay rat quan trong, neu nguoi gioi thieu ban la nhung nguoi duoc ban tuyen sinh biet den thi co hoi cho ban rat nhieu. Di nhien tat ca duoc viet bang tieng Anh. Mau thu nay cung theo mau cua tung truong.
Do la nhung doi hoi toi thieu ma ban phai dap ung neu muon vao hoc cao hoc kien truc o Hoa Ky (Canada).
Cac SV cao hoc nay se duoc hoc nhung gi o truong?
Hoa ky la quoc gia hon tap va nhu vay, hien nhien nen DH cua no cung “thuong vang ha cam” va su phan tang nay rat ro rang chu khong nhu o VN. Dieu truoc tien la ban phai lua chon truong de hoc, boi vi khong don gian nhu trong VN chi goi mot cach chung chung la “cao hoc kien truc”, cai Graduate Progaram, chi rieng nghanh kien truc khong thoi, cung da vo cung da dang, va nhu vay khi ban gioi thieu ban da hoc qua nhung truong nao thi nguoi ta co the biet duoc 99% ban dang o muc nao ( neu khong gioi thieu thi nguoi ta cung se hoi), chang han nguoi ta se gioi thieu nhu the nay:
Nguyen Van A, B.Arch tai Kansas University, M.Arch tai Cornell University, M.Arch tai GSD. ( GSD la gi se de cap sau)
Chuong trinh Master thong thuong co hai loai:
Mot la First Professional Degree thuong duoc ky kieu la M.Arch I. Bang cap nay danh cho nhung ai truoc do khong theo hoc chuong trinh kien truc 5 nam. Co nghi la bat cu ai da co Cu Nhan thuoc bat cu linh vuc nao, bao gom ca kien truc deu co the theo Master nay.
Thu hai la Post-professional Degree thuong duoc ky hieu la M.Arch II. Chuong trinh nay danh cho nhung ai da co B. Arch 5 nam.
Ngoai rat con co MS : Master Architectural Science tuc la Thac Sy ve khoa hoc kien truc.
Cao hoc di nhien la voi nhung khoa hoc cao cap ve nhung van de lien quan den Kien truc,
Tap trung vao cac studio thiet ke, cac ly thuyet thiet ke, cac seminar, lich su kien truc ( khong phai hoc nhu chung ta ma la hoc de co the hieu duoc ban chat cac trao luu, truong phai kien truc, cac khuynh huong, cac nguyen nhan, anh huong…den su hinh thanh kien truc va do do la su hinh thanh cac truong phai kien truc…tat ca la nham phat trien khong ngung tren toan dien tham my, triet hoc va cong nghe…) roi thi la cac ung dung cua computer trong Thiet Ke Kien Truc, phuong phap va nang luc danh gia, phe binh kien truc. Do moi la cac mon hoc chinh, ngoai ra con cac mon tu chon vo cung da dang. Noi tom lai nguoi ta hoc de lam nen nhung nen kien truc ma nho no chung ta thuong ngao man cho rang “kien truc la me cua cac nganh NT).
Nhu vay Master of Architecture thuc su la cao hoc kien truc, nghia la dao tao nen kien truc su ma nang luc thiet ke va nang luc phe binh duoc day den mot muc cao cap hon. Tai day mot so nguoi se cho rang: the thi co nhung kts khong he hoc Master nhung van la nhung kts dang de chung ta noi ve ho. Renzo Piano chang han va rat nhieu kts khac nua…nhung do lai la nhung ngoai le, hon nua trong kien truc co nhung khia canh, nhung dieu ma neu chung ta chua tham nhap thi tot hon het la dung nen phan xet mot dieu gi.
Bay gio toi quay tro lai voi loi gioi thieu tren:
Nguyen Van A, B.Arch tai Kansas University, M.Arch tai Cornell University, M.Arch tai GSD.
Dieu nay co nghia la Nguyen Van A da hoc cu nhan Kien truc tai dai hoc Kansas, Cao Hoc Kien Truc tai dai hoc Cornell. Sau do lai lam Master tai GSD. Tai sao da co Cao Hoc Kien Truc roi lai con hoc them Master GSD? Thuc te la sau khi co cu nhan, muon tham nhap sau hon vao kien truc ve ca ly thuyet lan thuc hanh thi ban can hoc Cao Hoc Kien Truc va sau do ban khong can phai hoc them mot truong nao ve kien truc nua. Vay GSD la gi? GSD la chu viet tat cua Graduate School of Design ( Truong cao Hoc Thiet Ke) DH Harvard hay con duoc goi la Harvard Design School, co the noi day la dinh cao tri tue cua kien truc, la noi dao tao va phat trien nhung nha lanh dao tuong lai trong nghe nghiep kien truc, kien truc canh quan, quy hoach do thi va thiet ke . GSD la noi hoi tu cua nhung kts danh tieng tu Louis Kahn, Kenzo Tange, Mies…den Rafael Moneo… va gan day la Eisenman, Rem Koolhaas , Meuron. Heczog…ngoai ra con cac GS thinh giang danh tieng nhu Tadao Ando, Frampton…va neu ban dang trong Viet Nam nhung ban co mot thanh tuu dang noi nao do trong kien truc thi co the ban cung duoc GSD moi sang day mot vai gio. noi chung la ban co co hoi de gap go voi rat nhieu kts ten tuoi. Khong nhung chi cac KTS ma GSD con la noi tap trung cua nhieu nha ly luan, triet hoc, ky thuat, quan ly…hang dau. Di nhien, vi Harvard la mot truong dai hoc tam quoc te. Duoc goi la “Kien truc su GSD” la mot niem tu hao cua bat ky nguoi nao. Nhu vay neu mot ngay nao do ban gioi thieu minh nhu tren co nghia rang ban da di het Con Duong Hoc Kien Truc. Tien sy chi danh cho nhung ai quan tam den giang day va nghien cuu.
Toi co the gioi thieu so qua chuong trinh bang cap cua GSD nhu sau:
Professional Degree Programs
Master in Architecture (MArch I) :
Master in Landscape Architecture (MLA I):
Master in Urban Planning (MUP): Master Quy hoach Do thi
Postprofessional Degree Programs
Master in Architecture (MArch II): Master kien truc
Master in Landscape Architecture (MLA II): Master kien truc canh quan
Master of Architecture in Urban Design (MAUD): Master kien truc trong thiet ke do thi
Master of Landscape Architecture in Urban Design (MLAUD): Master kien truc canh quan trong thiet ke do thi
Advanced Studies Programs ( chuong trinh nghien cuu cao cap)
Master in Design Studies (MDesS): Master trong nghien cuu thiet ke
Doctor of Design (DDes): Tien Sy thiet ke
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD): Tien Sy ( PhD co nghia la Phylosophy Doctor, no xuat phat tu thoi nguoi ta da cho rang triet hoc (Phylosophy) la coi nguon cua cac khoa hoc.), dieu nay co nghia rang neu ban co PhD tai tai Harvard co nghia la ban da tham nhap vao cai the gioi cua kien truc. Hay noi cach khac ban la mot Con-Nguoi-Kien-Truc, going nhu nguoi lam tho khi da di vao coi tho thi goi la Thi si !!!)
Trong pham vi nay toi khong the gioi thieu tat ca cac chuong trinh, chi dua ra mot vai dien hinh de cac ban co the thay duoc nguoi ta da dao tao va do do, da thuc hanh kien truc nhu the nao. va neu co the, de giup ich cho cac ban trong viec lua chon duong di trong nghe nghiep.
Khi dang con la SV nam 3, toi tinh co doc duoc mot luan an “thac sy” ( toi khong tien viet ten de tai va tac gia ra day, chi biet rang do la mot nguoi kha co tieng tam cua DHKT HN va chac ban se khong the ngo ) mot luan an ma toi tu hoi lieu co the co mot khao cuu nao hinh thanh nhu vay khong? Va neu cu tam thoi chap nhan co mot de tai nhu vay va ngay ca khi dung tren lap truong cua tac gia, thi trong moi mot trang cua luan an toi deu co the chi ra mot loi lam. Va dieu cuoi cung toi tu hoi la lieu luan an do co the giup gi cho ca chinh tac gia? Cho chinh tu duy cua tac gia?
Nhung luan an do, neu ta chap nhan, thi chi la nhung nghien cuu (studies) sau dai hoc ma thuc chat khong phai la cao hoc kien truc. Neu cac chuong trinh ma hien nay ta goi la “cao hoc kien truc” duoc thuc hien mot cach dung dan thi cung chi goi la MS, nghia la Master Architectural Science ( thac sy khoa hoc trong kien truc) va nhu vay VN chua co mot chuong trinh, do vay chua co truong hay khoa dao tao Master of Architecture dung ban chat. ( cac ban co the nhan ra dieu nay vi cac thiet ke cua nhung nguoi da co Master trong chang co gi khac voi cac thiet ke cua SV, cac kts thong thuong va cac thiet ke do cung khong noi len mot concept of design nao ca. su viec nay dan den mot hien tuong kha nguy hiem ma “buc thu bat binh - NEN CONG NGHIEP CAO HOC” phan nao cho thay dieu do. Do la chung ta da khong ton trong bang cap trong khi trong ban than moi nguoi ai cung muon duoc goi ma Master. Thuc te cac bang cap khong duoc ton trong, dieu nay la di nhien, da dan den viec khong ton trong nhau, neu co ai do gioi thieu rang minh la Thac Sy thi lap tuc se co nguoi dap lai ngay: vay anh da lam duoc nhung cong trinh nao? Nhung day la hai viec hoan toan khac nhau, gia tri cua mot thiet ke va viec mot cong trinh duoc xay dung la khac nhau, nhat la trong boi canh hanh nghe kien truc o VN hien nay. Hay noi mot cach dau don rang chung ta dang mat phuong huong.
Nhung gi toi viet trong day chi la loi phan hoi doi voi buc thu NEN CONG NGHIEP CAO HOC. Toi khong co tham vong va kha nang cung nhu trach nhiem tim ra loi di. Dieu do thuoc tham quyen cua nhung nha dao tao. Neu co dip cung nhu co ai do muon thao luan hon nua ve van de nay toi se tiep tuc.
VietArch than men.
Toi la mot kien truc su khoa 96. Toi biet web site nay mot cach rat tinh co do ai do da de lai dia chi nay tren internet roi cung da doc la thu NEN CONG NGHIEP CAO HOC,TIEN SY TRONG NGANH KIEN TRUC. Toi viet nhung dong nay voi mot tinh than lac quan vi cam thay rang VietArch da lam duoc mot viec co the noi la rat quan trong va nhieu thien chi trong boi canh hien nay cua nen kien truc chung ta. DIEN DAN KIEN TRUC SU TRE ma cac ban de xuat la mot no luc ma doi voi toi gan nhu la khong tuong. Qua Dien Dan nay chung ta se biet duoc “ nhung gi chung ta mang trong long” va nhu vay se biet duoc chung ta dang o dau.
Co mot dieu la toi nhan thay la ben canh nhung y kien nhieu thien chi toi cung da doc thay nhung loi le khong tich cuc va rat ca nhan. Nhung phat bieu do khong he co ten tuoi, dia chi va nhu vay doi voi toi, no khong ton tai.
Toi mong muon rang moi chung ta hay chiu trach nhiem nhung gi minh noi nhung gi minh suy nghi. Do chinh la buoc dau cho viec chung ta chiu trach nhiem doi voi nhung gi chung ta lam.
Chao than ai.
nguyen duc manh tuong
135 Nguyen Sinh Cung, Hue
kndmt@yahoo.com
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