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Date Posted: 21:25:56 11/28/02 Thu
Author: Òðåéòÿê
Subject: Re: Ïðî ºâðå¿â, ãåáðå¿â, þäå¿â, ³óäå¿â, æèä³â òà ò.ï.
In reply to: Vitaliy 's message, "Ïðî ºâðå¿â, ãåáðå¿â, þäå¿â, ³óäå¿â, æèä³â òà ò.ï." on 07:47:02 11/28/02 Thu

Âè äîñèòü äîáðå ïîÿñíèëè, õî÷à ìàþ çàóâàæåííÿ:

"þäåé (Judean) áóëî ñêîðî÷åíî äî ñëîâà ºâðåé (Jew)."

íàñïðàâä³ æ þäåÿ í³õòî íå ñêîðî÷óâàâ, â³í ÿê áóâ "æèäîì" (óêð. ôîðìà) òàê ³ çàëèøèâñÿ. Íàïð., ó æèä³âñüêèõ ìîâàõ ö³º¿ ð³çíèö³ í³äå íåìàº, ³ñíóº ò³ëüêè îäíå ñëîâî. ² öå òîìó, ùî â æèä³â, ç ¿õíüîãî ïîãëÿäó, ðåë³ã³ÿ º òîòîæíÿ äî íàö³îíàëüíîñò³. Öå äóæå âàæëèâà òî÷êà, äëÿ áóäü-ÿêèõ ðîçìîâ ïðî æèä³â âçàãàë³.

Äåùî ïðî íàçâó:

Íàïð., Jew=æèä, à "ºâðåé" ïîõîäèòü â³ä Hebrew - ñüîãîäí³ òàê íàçèâàíî ãåáðåéñüêó ìîâó - ³âðèò (öå ñëîâî, "³âðèò", º ïðèáë. ÿê deutch ó í³ìåöüê³é - ñàìîíàçâà ìîâè).

Äàâíüîãåáðåéñüêîþ ìîâîþ ðîçìîâëÿëè âñ³ ò³ 12 äàâí³õ ãåáðåéñüêèõ ïëåìåí. Ñó÷àñí³ æèäè - íàùàäêè ëèøå äâîõ ç íèõ, ç ìåíøîãî êîðîë³âñòâà - Þäå¿.

Íàùàäêè òèõ 10 ïëåìåí - ñàìàð³òÿíè (àáî ñàìàðÿíè?). Ìîìåíòîì ïîâíîãî â³äîêðåìëåííÿ ñàìàð³òÿí â³ä ïðåäê³â æèä³â òðåáà ââàæàòè î÷åâèäíî ïîâåðíåííÿ æèä³âñüêî¿ åë³òè ç Áàáèëîíñüêîãî âèãíàííÿ ³ â³äòàê ïî÷àòîê áóä³âíèöòâà ò.çâ. Äðóãîãî õðàìó â ªðóñàëèì³. Òîä³ ñàìàð³òÿí òóäè áóëî íåäîïóùåíî, õî÷à ïðåäêè ñàìàð³òÿí - òàê ñàìî ãåáðå¿ (³çðà¿ëüòÿíè - 10 ïëåìåí ç á³ëüøîãî êîðîë³âñòâà) ìàëè ñâîá³äíèé äîñòóï äî Ïåðøîãî õðàìó.

Îòæå, óæèâàòè ñüîãîäí³ "ãåáðåé" íà àäðåñó ò³ëüêè æèä³â ïðîáëåìíî. Ãåáðå¿ áóëè êîëèñü, à ïîò³ì ðîçêîëîëèñÿ íà æèä³â ³ ñàìàð³òÿí.

Òà é ñàìîíàçâà æèä³â íå "ãåáðåé", àëå ñàìå "æèä" (îáèäâ³ ôîðìè ñïîòâîðåí³, àëå òî îêðåìå ïèòàííÿ - ôîíåòè÷íå). "Ãåáðåé" óæèâàºòüñÿ âèêëþ÷íî äî ìîâè, òîìó ùî ìîâà ¿õí³õ ìîëèòîâ º ç òèõ ïðàäàâí³õ ÷àñ³â, êîëè âîíè ùå íå ðîçä³ëèëèñÿ, áî ï³ñëÿ òîãî ðîçêîëó òà ìîâà, çäàºòüñÿ, âæå ìàëî óæèâàëàñÿ. Çäàºòüñÿ, âæå çà ²ñóñà â æèä³â äîì³íóâàëà àðàì³éñüêà(ñèð³éñüêà) ...

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