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Subject: The Panopticon


Author:
paisoliveira (Sergio)
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Date Posted: 07:30:30 12/16/02 Mon

Colegas,
Achei interessante colocar esse resumo sobre Panopticon. Já li o texto e este resumo deu mais “luz”a minha leitura. Assim ficará mais fácil entender o texto desta semana.
Abraços,
Paisoliveira

The Panopticon thus allows seeing without being seen. 'Such asymmetry of seeing-without-being-seen is, in fact, the very essence of power for Foucault because ultimately, the power to dominate rests on the differential posession of knowledge'"("Subject" 223).

"According to Foucault, the new visibility or surveillance afforded by the Panopticon was of two types: The synoptic and the analytic. The Panopticon, in other words, was designed to ensure a 'surveillance which would be both global and individualizing'" (Power/Knowledge 148)

Michel Foucault’s Adoption of the Panopticon Model
Foucault states that “the major effect of the panopticon: is to induce in the inmate a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power” (Foucault, 1972: 201). The panopticon model helps to eliminate unwanted group collectivity and helps reinforce the power of the authorities that have implemented social structure and control. Therefore, no one using the Internet can know whether they are interacting with a trusted ally or with an agent of the state. A collective identity of individuals in a panopticon model “is abolished and replaced by a collection of separated individualities. From the point of view of the guardian, it is replaced by a multiplicity that can be numbered and supervised” (Foucault, 1972: 201). The major effect of the panopticon is to induce in individuals a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power. The belief that individuals need to be protected, and are free as long as they do not break the law becomes the dogma of those who are self oppressed.
According to Foucault, the panopticon model becomes an architectural apparatus that allows a power relation to be viewed as independent of the person who exercises the power. “The inmates (are) caught up in a power situation of which they are themselves the bearers” (Foucault, 1972: 201). Those individuals that exist in a panopticon model become their own agents of oppression. The panopticon model can become a form of hegemony while also allowing those who control the model to make a profit. Ultimately, individuals in a panopticon model eventually will not be weary of “Big Brother”, but weary of “Little Brother” (or other inmates) who may be willing to keep track of group members for a profit. The power of the panopticon becomes “a faceless gaze that transformed the whole social body into a field of perception: thousands of eyes posed everywhere, mobile attentions ever on the alert” (Foucault, 1972: 214).

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Replies:
[> Subject: Texto da semana


Author:
Junia Braga
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Date Posted: 11:01:41 12/16/02 Mon

Caros colegas,
Dando seqüência às considerações de Shirlene, Isis e Sergio, gostaria de sugerir ao grupo a leitura do resumo de uma pesquisa apresentada no WorldCALL 98 por Linda Mak. Learning of ESL on electronic networks: verifying the claims and the evidence no endereço: www.ruthvilmi.net/hut/Publications/worldcall.txt apresenta uma investigaçao relacionada ao texto da semana.

3. Teacher/student relationships: Liberation/Suppression?

3.1 Claims:
Many people have claimed that computer-mediated communication frees
participants from social or cultural bias (e.g. Harasim 1990; Rheingold
1992). It democratizes the classroom discourse, as teacher authority was
decentralized (Kern 1995). However, Hawisher & Selfe (1992) point out that
even when teachers set aside electronic spaces for students, their mere
presence still dominate the discourse of the conferences. In addition,
technopower and technosuppression exist between teachers and students in
international ESL student list (Warschauer & Lepeintre 1997).

3.2 Verification
To verify the above claims, my research questions are:
^Å Do teachers dominate the electronic discussion, in terms of quantity of
postings, discourse types, or tone?
^Å Is there any evidence of teachers suppressing students' expression of
opinions in these email groups?

All teachers' postings in the 12 discussion groups were searched. The
number of messages sent, length and discourse types were counted. The
scripts of the messages were examined for any signs of oppression.

3.2.1 Evidence: dominance
It is found that in terms of quantity teachers did not dominate the
discussion. Out of the 817 messages (about 150,000 words) sent, teachers'
made up less than 10%. The mean number of messages sent by teachers were
nearly the same as that by the students. Nor did teachers write longer
messages. The teachers were explicitly referenced in the students' mail
only 40 times in total.

3.2.2 Evidence: oppression
The main functions of these messages were to encourage and to initiate
discussion. The tone was mainly mild and polite, even in complaining. There
were a few cases of misconduct, complaints and conflicts among students.
However, in most cases, there was no evidence of teacher intervention,
oppression, or dominance.

3.2.3 Evidence: overall
When being asked why they participated in the email groups in a teacher
evaluation form, most teachers said they would like to keep an eye on
what's going on among their students. From the result of student evaluation
questionnaires, teachers were perceived as organizer/manager by the
majority of the respondents. The majority of respondents were happy with
the teacher's role.
[> [> Subject: Re: Texto da semana


Author:
Isis Pordeus
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Date Posted: 11:51:19 12/16/02 Mon

Cara Junia

gostei muito da indicaçao. Outro detalhe muito interessante da pesquisa da Linda Mak refere-se a diferenças de genero na comunicaçao mediada por computador. Pelo visto, pelo menos em relaçao a genero, a midia mostra-se um espaço igualitario.

um abraço e obrigada
Isis
[> Subject: Re: The Panopticon


Author:
Lívia Fortes
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Date Posted: 12:23:46 12/18/02 Wed

>Sérgio,
Muito obrigada pela contribuição. O texto foi de extrema valia para minha leitura.
Abraço,
Lívia.
[> Subject: Freire e Focault


Author:
paisoliveira
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Date Posted: 09:21:43 12/22/02 Sun

>Colegas e Vera,
Desculpem o meu atraso, mas ontem com aquela chuva minha placa de fax modem queimou e nao houve jeito de mandar antes.

O texto de Warchaueur discute dois modelos de relações interpessoais na comunicação mediada por computador e suas implicações nos papéis exercidos por professores e alunos.
De acordo com a visão de Freire, a educação deve ter um caracter “libertador”, ou seja, a educação deve ser um instrumento para que os oprimidos ou desfavorecidos pela política dominante consigam se libertar e abrir novas portas para o crescimento intelectual. Tal visão propõem uma autonomia por parte dos aprendizes e também propõe uma inversão no papel do professor. O professor não deve ser mais o centro das atenções, mas o mediador. A proposta de Freire é muito válida no ensino mediado por computador usando, por exemplo, a internet, pois ela mesma facilita o aprendizado e o aprendiz pode se engajar em trabalhos colaborativos, discussões com pessoas de diferentes nacionalidades e buscar sua própria informação sem estar “preso”ao que o professor dá em classe.
Já a proposta de Focault apresenta um modelo de controle social em que o indivíduo é visto e controlado pelo professor. Na interação mediada por computador o professor vai ser o controlador, assim ninguém fará algo que prejudique a interação e o professor poderá controlar e portanto “moldar” a interação. Tom Brignall em seu artigo “The Internet Viewed as a Structured of Social Control” descreve o modelo panóptico de Focault da seguinte forma
“Those individuals that exist in a panopticon model become their own agents of oppression. The panopticon model can become a form of hegemony while also allowing those who control the model to make a profit. Ultimately, individuals in a panopticon model eventually will not be weary of “Big Brother”, but weary of “Little


Brother” (or other inmates) who may be willing to keep track of group members for a profit. The power of the panopticon becomes “a faceless gaze that transformed the whole social body into a field of perception: thousands of eyes posed everywhere, mobile attentions ever on the alert” (Foucault, 1972: 214).”

É importante ressaltar que o professor deve manter o seu papel de autoridade, direcionando e fazendo o seu papel de moderador na interação, interferindo no processo quando algo não está certo. Imaginem só uma sala de aula convencional sem o professor dando as instruções ,controlando a disciplina e direcionando seus alunos. O mesmo acontece com a interação online,onde é preciso haver aquele que também direciona e organiza a lista.

Abraços,
Paisoliveira

Texto complementar:
Brignall III , Tom ( 2002) - The New Panopticon: The internet Viewed as a Structure of Social Control . Theory & Science: 3,1 ( http: //www.icaap.org/iuicode?105.3.1x)


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