VoyForums
[ Show ]
Support VoyForums
[ Shrink ]
VoyForums Announcement: Programming and providing support for this service has been a labor of love since 1997. We are one of the few services online who values our users' privacy, and have never sold your information. We have even fought hard to defend your privacy in legal cases; however, we've done it with almost no financial support -- paying out of pocket to continue providing the service. Due to the issues imposed on us by advertisers, we also stopped hosting most ads on the forums many years ago. We hope you appreciate our efforts.

Show your support by donating any amount. (Note: We are still technically a for-profit company, so your contribution is not tax-deductible.) PayPal Acct: Feedback:

Donate to VoyForums (PayPal):

13:42:08 05/15/26 FriLogin ] [ Contact Forum Admin ] [ Main index ] [ Post a new message ] [ Search | Check update time | Archives: 12345[6]78910 ]
Subject: "Àu´f"¾§®a, ¨ä¹ê¬O¦b½î½ñ¾§®a


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Next Thread | Previous Thread | Next Message | Previous Message ]
Date Posted: 01:39:41 03/13/07 Tue

§Úı¦b³oÁÙ¬O²M½Í¤ñ¸û¦n.....


**************
Ū½×»y®É, ¤j®a¤]¥i¯àı±o¥L¥EÅ¥¨Ó¦³¹D²z, ¦ý²Ó·QµÛ«e¤å«á¤å¤¬¤£©IÀ³?
Ū©s¤l®É, §ó·|ı¥L»¡ªº"¤ñ³ë", ¦³¤ñ³ëªº¯à¤O, ¦ý¨S¦³Ãþ¤ñªº¯à¤O?

"¶Ç²Î"¹ï¦¹ªº¸ÑÄÀ´N¬O"¤¤°ê¤Hªº«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¤£¦P", ¤£¬O¤Õ¤l©s¤l¨S¦³¹D²z, ¦Ó¬O¨º®Éªº"¹D²z"©M²{®Éªº"¹D²z"¤£¦P.
¨ä¤¤ªº¤@­Ó¥Nªí²z½×, ´N¬O"ÃöÁp·PÀ³" (corelative-thinking)

¦ý¬O, ³¯º~¥Í±Ð±Â¤£ªí¦P·N. ²{¥H¤U¬O¥L¹ï¤Ï¹ïªº´X­Ó°ò¥»­ì¦].

1.) ¦pªG¬O·í®Éªº¤¤°ê¤Hªº«ä·Q©M²{®Éªº¤£¦P, ¨º»ò¬°¤°»ò¾¥¤l·|·Q¥X§åµû¾§®a¥Ù¬Þ. ¾¥¤l§ó´£¥X§ä¥X¤@±ø©ñ¤§©ó¥|®ü¬Ò·Çªº´¶¹M©w«ß, ³o¤£´N¬O²{¥N¤H¹ïconsistence ¤@­Pªºªí²{¶Ü? ³o»¡©ú¤£¬O¤¤°ê¤Hªº¸£³U©M§Ú­Ìªºµ²ºc¤£¦P, ¦Ó¥u¬O¾§®aªº²z½×Åé¨t¤£¦P


2.) ¦pªG¤¤°ê¤Hªºlogic©M²{¥N¤H§¹¥þ¤£¦P, ¨º»ò, ¥L­Ì¬O¦p¦ó¥Í¬¡ªº©O?

if a then b, a

therefore b

¬O¤@­Ólogic ªº©w«ß, ¨ä¥LªºÁÙ¦³a or not a is true µ¥µ¥, §Ú­Ìªº¥Í¬¡¤£°±ªº§Q¥Î³o©w«ß; ¥L­Ìªº«ä¦Ò¦pªG©M³o¨Ç²z½×¤£§k¤f, ¥L­Ì¦p¦ó¥Í¬¡?




3.¬°¤FºûÅ@"«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¤£¦P"³o¤@²z½×, ±À¥X¤F"¤@¤H¤@¤å²z½×", ´N¬O»¡©s¤lªº¸q, ©M¤Õ¤lªº¸q, ©M¾¥¤lªº¸q, ©M ¦Ñ¤lªº¸q...¬O¤£¦Pªº¦r; ²ø¤lªº¹D, ©M¤Õ¤lªº¹D, ©M©s¤lªº¹Dµ¥, ¤]¬O¤£¦Pªº¦r...

³o¬O¥t¤@©Ç½×, ¤Õ¤l©s¤l¦Ñ¤l²ø¤lªº§@ªÌ¬O¦b¦P¤@®É¥Nªº­õ¾Ç®a, ¥L­Ìªº¾Ç»¡À³¸Ó¦³¤¬¬Û¥æ¬y, ¬°¤°»ò¥L­Ì·|¦U¦Û¦³¦Û¤vªº»y¨¥?





-----------
µ²½×:¤Õ¤l¬O®aªø±Ð®v¦¡ªº¤H; ¥L¤£¬O©M¨ä¥L­õ¾Ç®a¥Î¤£¦Pªº»y¨¥, ¦Ó¥u¬O©M¨ä¥L­õ¾Ç®a¦³¤£¦Pªº·N¨£.

§Úªº¶ý¶ýŪ®Ñ¤£¦h,¦ý´I¦³¤H¥Í¸gÅç, ¸g±`¤]©M§Ú»¡¤£¦Pªº¹D²z, ·í¤¤¦³«Ü¦h§Ú¤]¬O«D±`´L­«ªº, ¦ý¬O­n¨D¦o§â¦oªº­Û²zÆ[¤Ï¬Ù, ª@µØ¬°¤@¦¨¼ôÅé¨t, «h¬O¹L¥÷ªº­n¨D; ¦pªG¥Î­õ¾Ç®aªº¤f§k©M¦o°Q½×, ¦h¥u¥O¦o¤Ï·P. ©Ò¥H§ÚªººA«×¦h¬O¥ýÅ¥¤F, ¦A²Ó¨ý, ±Òµo©Êªº, §Ú¦n¦n«O¯d; ¤£¦P·Nªº, §Ú©ñ§C.

¤Õ¤l´N¬O¥Í¬¡¦b¤@­Ó³o¼Ë²ßºD©óÅv«Â¦¡½e¨¥ªº¤H.

¥L©M¾¥ªÌ¤£¬O¥Î¤£¦Pªº»y¨¥, ¦Ó¬O¹ï¨Æ±¡¦³¤£¦Pªº¨£¸Ñ.

´N¥¿¦p¦pªG°ó¥D©M¤½¥J¨ÐÅG½×±E¹ï±E¿ù®É, ¥L­Ì¬O¦b»¡¦P¤@­Ó "¹ï"¦r ©M¦P¤@­Ó"¿ù" ¦r, ¥L­Ì¤£¬O¦bÅG½× "¹ï"¦r©M"¿ù"¦rªº·N«ä; ¦Ó¬O¦bÅG½×¤°»ò¬O¹ï, ¤°»ò¬O¿ù.

¥t¥~, ¦pªG¥H"¥j¤¤°ê¤Hªº«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¤£¤@¼Ë"§@ºûÅ@, ¨ä¹ê·|¥O¾§¾Ç³s¥»¨­ªº»ù­È¤]®ø¥¢.
¦pªG«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¬O¤£¦P¤Fªº¸Ü, ¦Ó§Ú­Ì¤S»{¬°²{¦b°l¨Dconsistency, ªº«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¬O¶i¨Bªº¸Ü, ¨º»ò¾Ç²ß¾§®a¤£´N¨S¦³·N¸q¤F»ò?....©ÎªÌ¥u¯d¤U¹³Åª¾ú¥v¤@¼Ëªº·N¸q¤F»ò?


¦pªG¤j®a¤£¤Ï·P, §Ú´N¨Ó­Ó¤U¦^¹w§i
¤U¦¸ÃD¥Ø¬°"¤°»ò¥s°µ¥H­^¤å«ä¦Ò"
§Ú­Ì±`»¡¾Ç­^¤å­n¾Ç¥H­^¤å«ä¦Ò, ¦ó¿×¥H­^¤å«ä¦Ò? ¬O§_¥u¬O¦b«ä¦Ò®É, ¸£®ü¤¤¥u¥X²{­^¤å´N¥s§@¥H­^¤å«ä¦Ò? ¤U¦^§Ú·|¥Hindo-euro ¨t²Îªº«ä·Q®aªº¨¤«×, »¡¤@¤U§Ú¹ï³o¤@ÃD¥Øªº·Qªk

[ Next Thread | Previous Thread | Next Message | Previous Message ]

Replies:
[> Subject: ¹M´M¤£Àò¡I


Author:
¤½¥J¨Ð
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 17:17:20 03/13/07 Tue

»Õ¤U¦b¤å¤¤´£¥X¤F¤°»ò¨ãÅé¨ÒÃÒ¡A¥H»¡©ú¾§®a«ä·Qªº¤£¨¬¨ú¡H®¤·M©t­®¡A¬G¦b²Ó¾\¤j¤å¦h¦¸«á¡A¤]¤£ª¾±q¦ó¶}©l°Q½×¡C
[> [> Subject: Re: ¹M´M¤£Àò¡I


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 19:15:02 03/13/07 Tue

¹ï¤£°_, ¦]¬°§åµû¾§®a¨S¦³¨t²Î, ¬O¦b­õ¾Ç¬É,¦è¤è­õ¾Ç®a©Î«Ü¦hªìŪ½×»y©s¤lªº²{¥N¤Hªº·N¨£.

¦Ó"¤£¦P«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡"; "¤£¦P¥Î¦r" ¬O¶Ç²Î«OÅ@¾§®aªº¾Ç¬£ªº¤Hªº²z½×. ¥Ñ©ó¥H¤W¨â·N¨£°Q½×·¥¦h, ¬G§Ú¨S¦³¥Ñ¹s¶}©l½×­z.


¥t¥~,§Úªº¥Øªº¤£¬O¦®¦b½×¥ý¯³¾§®a¨S¦³¨t²Î©Îª½±µ§åµû¾§®a, ¦Ó¬O°Q½×¤@¨Ç³o¦Ê¦~¨Óªº²{¥N¾ÇªÌ, ¦b¦^À³²{¥N«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡(©Î¦è¤è)¹ï¾§®aªº§åµû®É, ©Ò±À¥Xªº¦^À³, ¥ç§Y¬O¥H"¤¤°ê¤H¦³¤£¦P«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡" ©Î "¾§¹D¾¥ªk¥Î¤£¦Pªº»y¨¥" ¬°¦^À³. ³o¥ç¬O§Ú¨S¦³±q´£¨º¨Ç¦Ñ§åµûªº­ì¦].


¦pªG§A»¡½×»y¬O¦³¨t²Îªº­Û²z¾Ç, ¨º»ò§A©M§Úªº¤å³¹ªº¥D¦®¨S¦³½Ä¬ð.§Ú¤£·Q, ¤]¤£»{¬°¦³»Ý­n¥ÎªF¤Þ¤@¥y, ¦è¤Þ¤@¥yªº¤âªk¦A»¡©ú½×»y¬O¨S¦³¨t²Î

¤£¹L§Ú¥i¥H»¡¤@ÂI, ´N¬O"¨S¦³¨t²Î", ¬O¥]§t¤F«Ü¦hªº§åµû, ²Ä¤@´N¬O¤Ï«ä¤£¨¬. ¨C­Ó¤H³£¥i¥HÀH«K¨Ò¥X¤d±ø¹D¼w³W±ø. ¦ý¬O¨ä¤¤¦³¨Ç¬O¤¬¬Û¥Ù¬Þªº, ©Î¬Ý¦ü¥Ù¬Þªº, ¥Ù¬Þ»¡©ú¨ä¤¤¤@¤è¬O¿ùªº
¥´­Ó¤ñ³ë:

"¼Z­L¬O¦X¥G¹D¼wªº"
"±þ¤H¤£¬O¦X¥G¹D¼wªº"
"­L¬O¤H,¬G¼Z­L¬O±þ¤H"

§Ú­Ìªº«ä¦Ò¹Lµ{´N¬O¤Ï¬Ù(john rawls ¥s³o°µreflective equalibrium), °£«D¤Õ¤l¬O¯«, ¥L¥i¥Hª½±µ«ö±¡ªp»¡¥X­Ó§Oªº¹D¼w·N¨£, ¦Ó´¶¹M¹D¼w«ß(general law)¥u¬O¤FµM©ó¯Ý, ¦]¬°¦Û¤v¤@©w©¥, ¤£¥Î©M§O¤H°Q½×¥Lªºgeneral law¬O§_¨S¦³¥Ù¬Þ, ¾Ç¥Í¥u­nÅ¥Ê\°µ´N±o.

¦ý³o¤]¤£¬O¤@­Ó­t³d¥ôªº±Ð¨|.

ª¾¹D¤½¥J¨Ð¹ï©s¤l¯S§O±¡¦³¿WÁé, ¬G²{»¡¤@¤U§Ú¤å¤¤»¡ªºÃþ¤ñ©M¤ñ³ë¤§¤À

¦b»¡©ú¨Æ²z®É, ¤ñ³ë¬O¤@­Óªí¹F¤â¬q, ¦ÓÃþ¤ñ¬O±À½×¤â¬q.«eªÌ¬O¨S¦³½×ÃÒ¯à¤O, ¥u¦³ªí¹F¯à¤Oªº.
¤ñ³ë¬O§äµ²½×¬Û¦üªºªF¦è§@³ëÅé, ¦ÓÃþ¤ñ¬O§ä°ÝÃD¬Û¦üªºªF¦è§@Ãþ¤ñªº¶}©l

¤ñ¦p»¡, ¦pªG§Ú°Ý, "¥i¥H¼Z­L¶Ü?"
§Ú§ä"¼Z­L"©M"±þ¤H"§@Ãþ¤ñ
§Ú¬O­n§Q¥Î¤H©M­L¬Û¦ü
±q¦Ó±o¥X¤@µ²½×´N¬O¤£¥i¥H¼Z­L

¦ý¬O, ¦pªG§A»¡:
"¥¿·¥©M­t·¥´N¦p¨k©M¤k¤@¼Ë, ¬O·|¤¬¬Û§l¤Þªº"

¨º»ò³o¥u¬O¦b§Q¥Î¤ñ³ëÀ°§Uªí¹F¥¿·¥©M­t·¥¤¬¬Û§l¤Þ³o¤@¨Æ¹ê, ¦Ó¤£¬O¦b±À½×¥X¥¿·¥©M­t·¥¤¬¬Û§l¤Þ³o¤@¨Æ¹ê. ¦]¬°³o¥u¬Oµ²½×¬Û¦ü, ¤£¬O°ÝÃD¬Û¦ü.

©Ò¥H, ¦¨¥\ªºÃþ¤ñ, ¯à¬°¥ß½×±a¨Ó·sªº²z¥Ñ,¦Ó¤ñ³ë«h¤£¯à

©s¤l°ÝÃD´N¦b©ó¦¹

¦b6a2, ©s¤l»¡¤H©Ê¦Vµ½ªº¦p¤ô¤§¦V¤U.¨ä¹ê³o¤@¥y¤£¬OÃþ¤ñ, ¦]¬°"¤H¬O§_¦Vµ½"©M "¤ô¬O§_¦V¤U"¨â­Ó°ÝÃD¤£¬Û¦ü, §Y¬O»¡©s¤l¥u¬O¦b­«ÂÐ¥L©Ò»¡ªº¨Æ, ¦Ó¤£¯à¥Î"¤ô¤§´N¤U"ÃÒ©ú ¤H¤§¦Vµ½.

¦Ó¦b6a8, ©s¤l¥ç¥H¦P¼Ë¤âªk, ¥H¤û¤s»¡©ú¤H¤§¤£¦Vµ½, ¬O¦]¬°¦³¥~¥æ¼vÅT. ³o¬Ý¦ü¦b±À½×, ¨ä¹ê¥L¥u¬O¥H¤ñ³ë­«¤ÏÂЪí¹F¦Û¤vªº¥ß³õ., ¨S¦³¦hµ¹¤@­Ó²z¥Ñ.
[> [> [> Subject: ¶i¨B¥SªGµM¶i¨B¤F¡I¤h§O¤T¤é¡A¤w­n¨í¥Ø¬Û¬Ý¡A¦óªp¤T¦~¡H


Author:
¤½¥J¨Ð
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 19:47:20 03/13/07 Tue

§Úªº°ÝÃD§A¤w¬°§Ú¸Ñµª¤F¡A¦]¬°§Úı±o§A¬O¦b°Q½×¡u­õ¾Çªº«ä¿ë¤èªk¡v¦Ó«D°Q½×¾§®aªº«ä·Q¡C

¡m½×»y¡n¡B¡m©s¤l¡n§¡«D¦³¨t²Îªº­õ¾ÇµÛ§@¡A¦Ó¥B­ìµÛ¥u¬O¦Ë²¡A´²¥¢¤F¦h¤Ö©ÎºUÂø¤F¦h¤Ö¨ä¥LÂø½è§Ú­Ì¤]¤£¯à·Ç½Tª¾¹D¡Aºç¤¤¤£¯à¸ÔºÉ¸Ñµª¤§°ÝÃD¦ÛµM¤£¤Ö¡F¦Óµª®×¥ç¬O¦U´Â¦U¥Nªº¡u¸g®v¡vºtö¥X¨Ó¡A²³»¡¯É¯Æ¡C

¦ýÁa¨ä¤å¥y©Î¤£¦X§Î¦¡ÅÞ¿è¡A¤]¤£¤@©w¥i¥H¾Ú¦¹¦Ó¥þ½L§_©w¨ä²z½×¤§»ù­È¡C
[> [> [> [> Subject: ¦p¦óµû»ù¤@²z½×


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 16:59:23 03/14/07 Wed

³o¬O·s¤G¤Q¦~¨Ó, »{Ãѽ×epistemology ªº¤@­Ó·s¸ÜÃD, ¦³¤H§â³oÃD¥Ø¥ß¤J¤@­Ó¥s virtue epistemology ¬J¬ì.

¤@­Ó²z½×¦³¦h¤Ö»ù­È, ¥i¥H±q¤T¤è­±¥hµû¦ô.(±Æ°£»{ª¾¾ú¥v¤è­±ªº»ù­È)

²Ä¤@, ¥L¬O§_¯u
²Ä¤G, ¥L¬O§_¦³²z¾Ú
²Ä¤T, ¥L¬O§_¦³¥Î

¦Ó³o¤T¤è­±¤£¬O¿W¥ß¹B§@ªº.

¦pªG¤@­Ó²z½×¬O¯u, ¦ý¬O¨S¦³²z¾Ú, ©ÎªÌ²z¾Ú¤£¥R¤Àªº¸Ü, ¨º´N¤j¥´§é¦©.
¤ñ³ë ²Ó­Ó®É, ¨È¶ý·|¦P§ÚÁ¿"¦pªG§A­ø¤å»ô¥\½Ò, ĵ¹î·|©Ô¬J"

ËݧڴN±q¦Ó±À½×¥X
"§ÚÀ³¸Ó¥æ»ô¥\½Ò"

§Y¬O"§ÚÀ³¸Ó¥æ»ô¥\½Ò" ¬O¯uªº, ¥Ñ©ó¬O¥X©ó¤@­Ó¿ùªº²z¾Ú, ¥O«ù³o¤@Æ[ÂIªº»ù­È¤j´î.³o¬Olinda zagzebski, ¦Pwayne riggs¬JÚ»ªk

¦pªG¤@­ÓÆ[ÂI¬O°²ªº, ¤£­Ó½×¾Ú¤]«D±`¥R¤À, ¨º­ÓÆ[ÂI¤]¦³¤@©wªº»ù­È, ¨º¬O¦]¬°§Ú­Ì¥i¥H±q±À½¥L¤¤, ±o¨ì¤@©wªºª¾ÃÑ(duncan pitrach ¬JÆ[ÂI.
¦ý¦b§ÚªºÆ[ÂI¬O, ¥H²z¾Ú¥h¿ï¾ÜÆ[ÂI¬O¤H¹F¦Ü¦Û¥Ñ¦Û¥Dªº¤@­Ó°ß¤@¤èªk. ¦]¬°¥H²z¾Ú¤§¥~ªºªF¦è¥h¿ï¾ÜÆ[ÂI, ¥²¥X¦Û¬Y¤ß²z¦]¯À.
¥´­Ó¤ñ³ë,
¦pªG§Ú²Ó¨Ð¤ñ¤H§iÊ\¬Y±þ, ¤ñ¤H©Ô¥ª¥hªk®x. §Ú¤£¦p©Ò¦³ªºÃÒ¾Ú¥h§PÂ_¦Û¤vªº²Ó¨Ð¦³ÉN¸o, ¦Ó¥X©ó·R¤ß¥h»{¬°Ê\ÉN¸o, ¨º§Ú´N¬O§Úªº·P±¡ªº¥£Áõ, ¤£¯à¬°¦Û¤vªº¥D¤H.

½×»yÉN»ù­È´N¦b©óÊ\¦¨¥»³¥¤Q­ÓÆ[ÂI¦³¤E­Ó³£«YÉN¤ñ²z¥Ñªº.
¦³¤ñªGd³£«Y¤ñ¤@¥y°_¨â¥y¤î¬J²z¥Ñ.
¦pªG§A¦Û¤vÚ»§¹, ı±oÊ\¦³¹D²z, ¨ä¹ê«Y§A¦Û¤v¤ñ­Ó²z¥ÑÊ\, ¦Ó­ø«YÊ\¦³¹D²z.
ËÝ´Nºâ¤ñÊ\Á¿©¥®Í, ³£ÉN«§»ù­È. ¦³²z¥Ñªº¯u²z¬O§V¤Oªº¦¨ªG, ¨S¦³²z¥Ñªº¯u¬Û¬O¼²ªö.

¦Ü©ó²Ä¤TÂI¬O°Q½×¾§¾Ç®É¤H­Ìµ¹¥Lªº»ù­È.
°­¨Ð¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç®afingeret «YÊ\½Í½×½×»y¦b²{¥Nªº»ù­È®É, ´N¤Þ¤¤xii.19
"§g¤l¤§¼w­·¡F¤p¤H¤§¼w¯ó¡F¯ó¤W¤§­·¥²°³"

¥L»¡½×»y¦³ªº¥Î³B´N¬O¥L¯à¹³Å]ªk¤@¯ë, "¾É¤H¦Vµ½"
­«ÂI´N¬O­Ó"¾É"¦r. ¥L»{¬°½×»yÁa¤£¯à"»¡ªA¤H¦Vµ½", ¦ý¥L¯u¦³Å]¤O, ¯à¥O¤H¦Vµ½.
³o¦³¨ä²z¥Ñ, ±d¼wªº­Û²z¾Ç´N¬O¦]¬°¤°»ò¤]Á¿²z¥Ñ, ©Ò¥H§Y¨Ï¦b¼w°ê¤]¤£¬O¤H¤H¤]À´. ¦ý½×»y´N­ø¦P°Õ, §Ú¦n¦h¤H³£¯à©À¤W´X¥yª÷¥y.

¦ý¬O, §Ú¤]¹ï¦¹¤£·P¦P·N.­ì¦]©M§Ú¤Ï¹ï¼²ªöªº¯u²z¤@¼Ë
¥H¶Ê¯v¤è¦¡¾É¤H¦Vµ½, ¦³®`¤Hªº¦Û¥Ñ. (zagzaebski ¦b"the search of¡@¢ü¢ð¢í¡@epistemic valueªºÆ[ÂI¡^
¥t¥~, ³o¨¾®`¤F¤H°µµ½¦æ. ¥´­Ó¤ñ³ë, ¦pªG¦³¤@­Ó¤H, ¬O³Q¶Ê¯v©Ò¥H®½¿ú, §Ú­Ì¬O¤£ºâ¥L¦æµ½ªº¡D¡@¦ý¬O¦pªG¤@­Ó¤H¬O¯u¤ßªº®½¿ú, ¯uªºª¾¹D®½¿ú¬O¦nªº¤~®½, ¨º»ò³o¤H´N¯uªº°µ¤Fµ½¨Æ¤F.

¾§®aªº°ÝÃD´N¦b©ó­«¼ç²¾Àq¤Æ¦Ó¤£­«²z¥Ñ. ¤H¤£¯à¯u¥¿ªº¦Û¥Ñ¦a¦æµ½, §Y¨ÏªÀ·|¦h©M¿Ó, ¨º´Nµ¥©ó¯Ê¥F¤F¦æµ½.

¥t¥~, ¯Ê¥F²z¥Ñ, ¥ç¥O¥LµL¤O¦^À³¥~¶¡ªº§åµû. «e°}¤l´N¦³¤@¥~°ê¾ÇªÌ¦blingnan µoªí¤@½×¤å§åµû¾§®a­«©M¿Ó¬O¥Ñ"¤£º@·N­±¹ï§ïÅÜ"³o¤@¤£¥­¿Å¤ß²z©Ò­P.



³Ì«á, ´N¬O"¨t²Î"°ÝÃD.

¤£­n¥H¬°¨t²Î¬O¾Ç°|¬£ªº­n¨D.¤S©ÎªÌ¯«¤Æ¤F, Ãä½t¤Æ ¹ï²z½×¨t²Îªº­n¨D.

"¦³¨t²Î" ¬O¹ï­n¨D²z¥Ñ©M¤£¦Û¬Û¥Ù¬Þªºµ²ªG. ·í§A¹ï§Aªº²z¥Ñ­n¨D²z¥Ñ, ¦Ó¤S­n¨D¦Û¤v¤£¦Û¬Û¥Ù¬Þ®É, §V¤O¤Ï¬Ù,¼h¼h±À¶i, ¨t²Î´N¦Û¦ÛµMµM¥X²{.

(¸É¥R: "­n¨D²z¥Ñ¬O¦Û¥Ñªºªí²{"¤@Æ[ÂI, ¦b¦s¦b¥D¸qªÌ, «á²{¥N¥D¸qªÌ¨Ã¤£¾A¥Î)
[> [> [> [> Subject: ¹ïÂA¦³¤Þ¤åªº¤@ÂI¸É¥R


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 17:10:47 03/14/07 Wed

§Ú­ÌŪ¤¤°ê¥j¨å, ­n¤À¶}textual theory ©Minterpretive theory.

textual theory ¬O§A¥Î¤°»ò°²³]¥h¸ÑŪ¤@¤å³¹, ¦Óinterpretive theory ¬O§A¹ï¤å³¹ªºinterpretation.

¤ñ¦p
"this is an apple"

¸Ñ§@"³o¬O¤@Ä«ªG".

¨º¸ÑÄÀ´N¬Ointerpretive theory ¦Ó°²³]¥L¬O­^»y, ´N¬Otextual theory.

§Ú­Ì¤£¥i¥H³æ¥H¤@interpretive theory ¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¤@textual theory.

§Y¬O»¡§Ú­Ì¤£¥i¥H»¡"¦]¬°¨º¥y»¡¸Ü¦b»¡(³o¬O¤@Ä«ªG), ©Ò¥H¨º¥y¬O­^»y"

³o´N¬O´`Àô½×ÃÒ.

¥Ñ©ó¹ï¤¤°ê¤H«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡ªº«ä¦Ò, «Ü¤j³¡¥÷¬Otextual theory, ©Ò¥H¤£¯à¤Þ¥Î¤@¥y¨â¥y¨Ó»¡©ú

>§Úªº°ÝÃD§A¤w¬°§Ú¸Ñµª¤F¡A¦]¬°§Úı±o§A¬O¦b°Q½×¡u­õ¾Çªº«ä?>ë¤èªk¡v¦Ó«D°Q½×¾§®aªº«ä·Q¡C
>
>¡m½×»y¡n¡B¡m©s¤l¡n§¡«D¦³¨t²Îªº­õ¾ÇµÛ§@¡A¦Ó¥B­ìµÛ¥u¬O¦Ë?>²¡A´²¥¢¤F¦h¤Ö©ÎºUÂø¤F¦h¤Ö¨ä¥LÂø½è§Ú­Ì¤]¤£¯à·Ç½Tª¾¹D¡Aºç
>¤¤¤£¯à¸ÔºÉ¸Ñµª¤§°ÝÃD¦ÛµM¤£¤Ö¡F¦Óµª®×¥ç¬O¦U´Â¦U¥Nªº¡u¸g?>v¡vºtö¥X¨Ó¡A²³»¡¯É¯Æ¡C
>
>¦ýÁa¨ä¤å¥y©Î¤£¦X§Î¦¡ÅÞ¿è¡A¤]¤£¤@©w¥i¥H¾Ú¦¹¦Ó¥þ½L§_©w¨ä?>z½×¤§»ù­È¡C
[> [> [> [> Subject: ¹D²z¥¿¬O³o¼Ë


Author:
¤½¥J¨Ð
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 17:53:49 03/14/07 Wed

§A¨ì¥Ø«e¬°¤î¡A§A¥u¬O¦b»¡¡u¾§®a«ä·QµL¥Î¡vªº¡u²z½×¡v¡A¨Ã¥¼´£¤Î¡u¾§®a«ä·QµL¥Î¡vªº¡u²z¾Ú¡v¡C

¦]¬°¦b§Aªº¤ÀªR¤¤¡A§Ú¬Ý¤£¨£§A´£¥X¤F­þ¨Ç¾§®a«ä·Q¬O¡u¤£¯u¡v¡F­þ¨Ç¾§®a«ä·Q¬O¡u¨S¦³²z¾Ú¡v¡F­þ¨Ç¾§®a«ä·Q¬O¡uµL¥Î¡v¡F­þ¨Ç¾§®a«ä·Q¬O¤TªÌ­Ý³Æ©Î¤TªÌ¬Ò¤í©^¡F¤S©ÎªÌ­þ¨Ç¾§®a«ä·Q¨ã¦³¤T¶µ¤¤ªº¬Y¨â¶µ¯S½èµ¥¡C

¥j¸g·L¨¥¤j¸q¡A¬O¥H«e»y¨¥¤å¦r¤Î®Ñ¼g¤u¨ãªº§½­­©Ò³y¦¨¡A­P¨Ï¤µ¤Ñ¤w«ÜÃø¿s¨£¨ä¥þ°\¡A¬G¦b²z½×¤W©Î½×ÃÒ¹Lµ{¤W¦³¤í§¹³Æ¡A¤£¦X¤µ¤H¤§­n¨D¡A¬O¦b©ÒÃø§K¡C¬G¡u¾Ü¨äµ½ªÌ¦Ó±q¤§¡A¨ä¤£µ½ªÌ¦Ó§ï¤§¡v¡A¤S¦³¦ó¤£¥i¡H¦ó¶·¥þ½LªÖ©w©Î¥þ½L§_©w¡I

¦pªG¤j®aÄ@·Nªº¸Ü¡A¤µ¤Ñ§A§Ú¥i¥H¤Ñ¤Ñ¦bºô¤W¥æ¬y·N¨£¡A¦ý¬K¬î¾Ô°ê®É¥Nªº¤H¤S¥i¥H«ç¼Ë¥æ¬y©O¡H®É¡BªÅ¡B»y¨¥¡B¤å¤Æ¤Wªºªý¹j¤§¤j¡A»·«D¤µ¤H©Ò¯à·Q¶H¡C
[> [> [> [> [> Subject: Re: ¹D²z¥¿¬O³o¼Ë


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 14:01:19 03/15/07 Thu

Âk¥ß¤½¥J¨Ðªº¦^À³¬°¨âÂI:
1.§Ú¨S¦³©ú½T«ü¥X½×»y©s¤l¬O¦p¦ó¤£¯u, ¨S¦³²z¥Ñ,©Î¨S¦³¥Î
2.½×»y¬O´X¾ú¤F¤d¦h¦~, ·í¤¤¦³¨Ç¨Æ¥OÊ\¦³©Ò´Ý¯Ê.

§Ú¥ý¦^À³²Ä¤GÂI.

¥i¯à¤Õ¤l¤w¸g·Q¤F¬Û¹ï½×, ¼g¤F¤@¥»¬õ¼Ó¹Ú, ¥X¤F¤@¨ÇÃö©ó·L¿n¤ÀªºµÛ§@, µo©ú¤Fµn¤ë¤õ½bµ¥µ¥...¦]¬°¸ê®Æ´²¸¨, ©Ò¥H§Ú­Ì¤£¯à¤½¥­¦aµû»ù¥L.

ªº½T, ¥i¯à¯u«Y¦³¦n¦h³¥ÉN¥ª, ¥i¯à¦n¦h®É¤Õ¤l¤w¸g¦PÊ\¬J¾Ç¥Í¥æ¥N¥ªÊ\¦³«ùªºÆ[ÂIªº²z¥Ñ, ¦ý«Y§Ú­ø«Y·Qµû»ù·í¦~ªº¤Õ¤l©Î·í¦~ªº½×»y, §Ú·Q§åµûªº¬O²{¦b, §Ú¯à¦b®Ñ§½¤¤¥i¥H¶R¨ìªº½×»y, ©M®Ñ¤¤ªº©Ò«üªº¤Õ¤l©Ò»¡ªº¸Ü.

¦³¤@ÂI¬O, §Ú­Ì¤£À³¸Ó¥H±Ð®{¬Ý¸t¸gªººA«×¬Ý½×»y. »¡¤£¦nªº, À°¥¦¾ã®e¾ã¨ì¦n¬°¤î, ¦A¥[¤W¤@¨Ç¨S¦³ÃÒ¾Úªº¥i¯à©Ê, »¡¥L¦³¥i¯à¬O«Ü¦nªº.

¦Ü©ó²Ä¤@±ø°ÝÃD ­nÁ|¨Ò¤l¯u¬O¦h¤£³Ó¼Æ. ¤Ï¹L¨Ó, ¦pªG§Ú­n§A¦b½×»y§ä¤@¥y¦³«Ü¤p¤ß½×ÃÒªºÆ[ÂI, §óÃø.(¤Ï¬Ý¾¥¤l, ¥L©Ò«ä·Q§ó¥þ­±, §Ú»{¬°¨º¤~¬O­t³d¥ô¦a´£¥XÆ[ÂIªº¤èªk)
¤½¥J¨Ð, ¤£¦p¨Ó¤@­Ó°¨©ÔªQ, ¤@±ø¤@±øµû½×~
¨º®É¤@©w¯à¤Þµo§ó¦h¨ä¥L°ÝÃD~¦n¶Ü?
[> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: ¤£­n¬n¦±¤H®aªº·N«ä


Author:
¤½¥J¨Ð
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 09:53:16 03/17/07 Sat

¡u¥i¯à¤Õ¤l¤w¸g·Q¤F¬Û¹ï½×, ¼g¤F¤@¥»¬õ¼Ó¹Ú, ¥X¤F¤@¨ÇÃö©ó·L¿n¤ÀªºµÛ§@, µo©ú¤Fµn¤ë¤õ½bµ¥µ¥...¦]¬°¸ê®Æ´²¸¨, ©Ò¥H§Ú­Ì¤£¯à¤½¥­¦aµû»ù¥L.¡v³æ¬Ý§A³o¤@«e´£¡A¤w¬OµL­­¤Wºõ¡B¸Ø±i¼M²³ªº»¡¸Ü¡F¦]¬°©Ò¦³ÅªªÌ³£ª¾¹D¡A³o§¹¥þ¤£¬O§Úªº·N«ä¡C

§Ú¥Ñ©l¦Ü²×´N¬O½Ð§A´£¥X¡u¡m½×»y¡n¹êÃÒ¡v¨Ó¤ÀªR°Q½×¡A¦ý¦Ü¤µ§A¤´¨S¦³¡C
[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: À³¸Ó¤°»ò®É­Ô­n¨DÁ|ÃÒ?


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 12:20:52 03/18/07 Sun

>¡u¥i¯à¤Õ¤l¤w¸g·Q¤F¬Û¹ï½×, ¼g¤F¤@¥»¬õ¼Ó¹Ú,
>¥X¤F¤@¨ÇÃö©ó·L¿n¤ÀªºµÛ§@,
>µo©ú¤Fµn¤ë¤õ½bµ¥µ¥...¦]¬°¸ê®Æ´²¸¨,
>©Ò¥H§Ú­Ì¤£¯à¤½¥­¦aµû»ù¥L.¡v³æ¬Ý§A³o¤@«e´£¡A¤w¬OµL­­¤Wºõ
>¡B¸Ø±i¼M²³ªº»¡¸Ü¡F¦]¬°©Ò¦³ÅªªÌ³£ª¾¹D¡A³o§¹¥þ¤£¬O§Úªº·N?>
>§Ú¥Ñ©l¦Ü²×´N¬O½Ð§A´£¥X¡u¡m½×»y¡n¹êÃÒ¡v¨Ó¤ÀªR°Q½×¡A¦ý¦Ü?>µ§A¤´¨S¦³¡C


¤Þ¤½¥J¨Ð"¥j¸g·L¨¥¤j¸q¡A¬O¥H«e»y¨¥¤å¦r¤Î®Ñ¼g¤u¨ãªº§½­­©Ò³y¦¨¡A­P¨Ï¤µ¤Ñ¤w«ÜÃø¿s¨£¨ä¥þ°\¡A¬G¦b²z½×¤W©Î½×ÃÒ¹Lµ{¤W¦³¤í§¹³Æ¡A¤£¦X¤µ¤H¤§­n¨D¡A¬O¦b©ÒÃø§K¡C"

§A»¡¥j¤µªºªý¹j,¥O§Ú­Ì¤£¯àÆ[¨ä¥þ»ª, ¥H¦¹­n¨D¤µ¤HÄ@½Ì¥Lªº½×ÃÒ¤í§¹³Æ, ´N¬O¤@ºØ"¥H¤£ª¾¹Dªº¨Æ, »¡¦¨¦n¹³ª¾¹D¥L¦s¦b, ¦ý¥u¬O¤£¯àÃÒ¹ê, ¥ç¤£ª¾¤º®e" ³o´N©M§Ú©Ò»¡ªº"¤£ª¾¹D¤Õ¤l¬O§_¼g¤F¬Û¹ï½×¤@¼Ë".

¥t¥~, ¦b¤°»ò®É­Ô¥s¤HÁ|ÃÒ?
·í¦³¤H»¡, "©Ò¦³/µ´¤j³¡¥÷ªº¯Q¾~³£¬O¬õ¦âªº", ¦p¦¹¤@­Ó´¶¹MÂ_¨¥, ¤Ï¹ïªÌ­n°µªº, ¬O®³¥X¤@°¦¤£¬O¬õ¦âªº¯Q¾~, ¦Ó¤£¬O­n¨DÁ|ÃÒªº¤H®³¥X´X°¦¬õ¦âªº¯Q¾~. ¦]¬°«áªÌ®³¥X´X°¦¬õ¦âªº¯Q¾~¤]¤£¯à«Ü§¹¥þªº¦aÃÒ©ú©Ò¦³¯Q¾~¤]¬O¬õ¦â.°_½X¥L­n®³¥X¤@©w¶qªº¯Q¾~.

¤Ï¹ïªÌ´N­ø¦P¤F, ¥L­Ì¥u»Ý­n®³¥X¤@®³(ªÌ´X°¦,¬ÝÂ_¨¥ªÌ©Ò»¡¦Ó©w), ´N¯à±À½¡¥L©Ò¤Ï¹ïªº¸Ü.¬G¤Ï¹ïªÌ¦pªG¯uªº¤Ï¹ï, À³¸Ó¥D°Ê´£¥X·N¨£.

§ÚªºÂ_¨¥¬O
"®t¤£¦h¦¨¥»½×»y"¬O¨S¦³¸ÑÄÀ justificationªº±Ð±ø. §Ú¬O¤@­Ó´£¥X´¶¹MÂ_¨¥ªº¤H, ¬G²zÀ³"¨ü§â".


¦ý¬O§Ú¬Ý¨£¬JµM¤½¥J¨Ð¤ÏÂЭn¨DÁ|ÃÒ, §Ú´N´£¥X"°¨©ÔªQ¦¡"¤@ÂI¤@ÂIªº°Q½×½×»y¤F, ³o¤~¯à§¹¦nªº¦a½×ÃÒ§ÚªºÆ[ÂI, §Ú¥ç»{¬°¹Lµ{¤¤¥i¥H¤Þµo§ó¦h¦³½ìªº°Q½×, ¦ý¬O¤½¥J¨Ð¨Ã¨S¦^À³.
[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: ¹ï¤£°_¡A§Ú¨S¦³¿³½ì¦A¸ò§A°Q½×¤F¡C


Author:
¤½¥J¨Ð
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 18:29:31 03/18/07 Sun

¹ï¤@¦ì³s¤@³¹¡m½×»y¡n¤]¨S¦³Á|¥X¨Ó°Q½×¦Ó¡u¥þ½L¡v§_©w¡m½×»y¡nªº»ù­Èªº¤H¡A§Ú¨S¦³¿³½ì»P®É¶¡¨Ó¸ò¥L½MÄñ¡C

§Ú´£¥Xªº¬O¡u§Ú­Ì¤µ¤H¬ã²ß¥jÄy©M¥j¥N¤å¤ÆÀ³©ê¦³Åé½Ì©M¦sºÃªººA«×¡v¡F§Aªº¦^À³³º¬O¡u§Ú»{¬°¥jÄyÁa¨Ï¬O¿ùªº³£­n»¡¬O¹ï¡v¡C

¦pªG­n¨D¨ãÅé°Q½×¤@¨Ç¡m½×»y¡n³¹¸`«K§Yµ¥¦p­n¶i¦æ¡u°¨©ÔªQ¡vªº°Q½×¡A§Ú¯uªºµL¸Ü¥i»¡¡C

¬Ý¨Ó¤ä«ù¡u«D¥Ò§Y¤A¡vªº¤ä«ùªÌ¡A¤j¦³¤H¦b¡I

§Ú¦^À³§Aªº°Q½×¡A¥u¬O¤ä«ù§â¾Ç³N°Q½×ªº®ðª^±a¶i¤EÀÙ°ó¡A¬Æ¦Ü±a¶i¤EÀÙ¦Ó¤w¡C
[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: ¤½¥J¨ÐµoÃø


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 01:05:47 03/19/07 Mon

1.§A¥u­«ÂЭn¨D§ÚÀ³´£¥X½×ÃÒ, §Ú¤@­Ó¤S¤@­Ó´£¥X§Ú¤£Á|ÃÒªº*­ì¦]*, , ¤½¥J¨Ð¤J¤F½a¦æµoÃø¤£¦^À³§O¤H´£¥Xªº­ì¦], ´N¥u­«ÂЧ@¦P¤@­n¨D, ³o°Q½×ºA«×¤£À³±a¤J¤EÀÙ°ó

2.§Ú¬OÄ@·N°Q½×¤º¤åªº, ¨Ã´£¥X°¨©ÔªQ¦¡¤@¥y¤@¥yªº°Q½×½×»y, ¨Ã»¡©ú¦pªG¥u­n§A¯à§ä¨ì¤@±Ð±ø¬O¦³¦³¤O½×ÃÒªº, §Ú´N¬O¿ùªº¤F, §AËݦ³«H¤ß, §ÚÀ³¸Ó¬O¦n§Ö¥i¥H¦¬¤uªº. §A®ÑŪ±o¼ô, ¥i¯àª¾¹D§A¬O°Q¤£¨ì«K©y, ¬G¨«¤§«v.§Ú¤]¤£©Ç§A, ¥u©Ç§Ú­¢¤H¤Ó¬Æ.
§Ú¨ä¹ê¬O§Æ±æ§Ú¯à³Q±À½ªº. ³o¤w¬O§Ú¦b¤j¾Ç¾Ç²ß­õ¾Ç¾i¦¨ªº¤@ºØ²ßºD.

3. §Ú¤£¬O«ü¨º­Ó¤G¤d¦~«eªº¤Õ¤l½×»yªº¤£¬O, §Ú¤£¬O·Q°µ¦Ò¥j¾Ç©Î¾ú¥v¾Ç, §Ú°µªº¬O­Û²z¾Ç©M¸ÑŪ­õ¾Ç, ¬G¥u°Q½×²{¦b®Ñ§½¶R¨ìªº¨º¥»½×»y, ©M®Ñ¤¤ªº¨º­Ó¤Õ¤l.

4.§Ú¤w´£¥X¤Fµû½×¤@­ÓÆ[ÂI§Ú¤èªk¾Ç. ¥çÂI¥X¤F¾Ç¬É¹ï³o°ÝÃD¦³©Ò¬ã¨s, ¦Ü©ó§Úªº¤èªk¾Ç¦X²z»P§_, ´N­n¬Ý¬Ý½Ö¦³¹D²z¤F.(¨ä¹ê§Ú¤¤¤»®É¤w¸gµo²{¤å¤Æ¬ì«Ü³ßÅw°Ý¤@¨Ç«Ü±M·~ªº°ÝÃD, ¨Ã¥Ñ±M·~ªº¦Ñ®v±Ð±Â, µû¨÷.)¦Ü©ó¨º¬O¤£¬O¥s°µ«D¥Ò§Y¤A, §Ú¦b¤å¤¤¤w»¡©ú¤F¤@½g.

°µ­õ¾Ç¬O«Ü±I¹æªº¾Ç¬ì, ¦]¬°¦Û«Hªº¤H¦h, ­@¤ßªº¤H¤Ö. §Ú¦b¦¹°Q½×¥u­«µoªí, ¦³¨S¦³¦nªº¦^À³, ¬Æ¦Ü¦³¨S¦³¤H¦^À³, ´Nµø¥G¦b¤°»ò¦a¤è¶}©l°Q½×¤F.
§Ú¤]¸Õ¹L­n½Ð¨ä¥L¤j¾Ç±Ð±Â, ·d¹L´X¦¸¨S¤H°Ý¬zªºÁ¿®y. "¦Û»¡¦Û¸Ü"ªº¤]¤£¤p. §Ú¤]¼Ö¦¹¤£¯h.
[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: §Ú¤£¬OµoÃø


Author:
¤½¥J¨Ð
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 21:39:03 03/19/07 Mon

§Ú¦A¤T­n¨D§AÀH«KÁ|¤@³¹¡m½×»y¡n¨Ó°Q½×¡A§A¤]¨S¦³¡A¥u¬O­«½Æ¤S­«½Æ¦a¶D»¡§Aªº¡u¹D²z¡v¡A´N¦p¥u»¡¡uªi¸g¡v¦Ó¤£¡u¸¨³õ½ðªi¡v¤@¼Ë¡A¡u³o¤£¬O§Úªº¤@ªM¯ù¡v¡I¦]¦¹¡A§Ú¤£·Q¦A°Ñ»P°Q½×¡A³o¤£¬O¥s°µ¡uµoÃø¡v¡C

¨ä¹ê¡A¡m½×»y¡D¶mÄÒ¡n¤¤°O­z«Ü¦h¦³Ãö¤Õ¤l¹ï¥Í¬¡²Ó¸`ªº­n¨D¡A¥Î¤µ¤Ñªº²´¥ú¬Ý¨Ó¡A³£¬O«ÜÃø¥O¤H±µ¨üªº¡C¦ý³o¨Ç³¹¸`¡A¨Ã¤£¬O¡m½×»y¡nªººëÅè¡A¬G¤Ï¹ïªÌ¤£·|¾Ú¦¹¶}®i°Q½×¡C

¸ò­õ¾Ç¨tªº¦P¾Ç¥æ©¹¦Ó¤£¹ï©C§Î¡A§Ú¦b30¦~«e¤w±µÄ²¹L¡A¤£¬O¦b¤µ¤ÑÅײĤ@¦¸»{ÃÑ¡C¦U¾Ç¨t¬ã²ß¾Ç°Ýªº¤èªk»P¨¤«×³£¤£ºÉ¬Û¦P¡A°Z¯à¥u¥Î¦Û¤vªº¤èªk¨Ó¿Å¶q§O¤H¡H¥¿¦p§Ú¤£·|¥u±q­×Ã㪺¨¤«×¨Óµû½×§Aªº¤å³¹¤@¼Ë¡C

¤l¤ê¡G¡u·í¤¯¡A¤£Åý©ó®v¡C¡v¡]½ÃÆF¤½²Ä¤Q¤­¡^³o³¹¡m½×»y¡n¡A®³¨Ó§Î®e»Õ¤U¡A¥¼ª¾¹ï¨¸¡H§_¨¸¡H¡]¤¤¶¡µL»Ý¦³¡u©Î¡v¦r¡C¡^
[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: ¬°°ÝÃD§äµª®×


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 16:15:21 03/22/07 Thu

¦b¬°°ÝÃD§äµª®×®É, §Ú­Ì¤£³æ¬O­n¹Á¸Õª½±µµª¨º¤@­Ó°ÝÃD, ¦Ó¬O­n»{²M, §ä¨º­Ó°ÝÃDªºµª®×ªº¤èªk, ¬Æ¦Ü¬O§ä´M"§ä¨º­Ó°ÝÃDªºµª®×ªº¤èªk"ªºµª®×ªº¤èªk....µ¥µ¥...

¥´­Ó¤ñ³ë. ¦b°Ý"½×»y¦b»¡¤°»ò" «e, §Ú­Ì­n·d²M À³¸Ó¦p¦óŪ<<½×»y>>. §Ú³o¸Ìªº"¦p¦óŪ", ¬O¶W¶V"§ä¤@¥»¦r¨å©M¤åªk®Ñ"¥X¨Óªº¤@Ãþ. §Y¬O§ä¤F¤@¥»¤å¨¥¤åªº¦r¨å©M¤åªk®Ñ, §Ú­Ì¤]­n°Ý, §@ªÌ¬O¦p¦ó±oª¾¨º¨Ç¨Æ±¡, ¦Ó¥Lªº¤èªk¾Ç¦X²z¤£¦X²z.

³o¥ç¬O¥]¬A¦p¦ó»{ª¾¦³¤å¤Æ®t²§ªº»y¨¥. ´N¦p¦pªG§A°Ý¤@­Ó¬ì¾Ç°ÝÃD«e, ´N­n¥ý·Q²M·¡¦ó¬°¬ì¾Ç¤èªk¤@¼Ë. "¤èªk"ªº²z¾Ú, ¤£¬O¥ô¦ó¦r¨å¯à»¡©úªº.

¦bŪ½×»yªº±Ð±ø®É, ±o¤£¨ì§¹³Æªºµª®×«á, ¶i¦Ó«ü¤¤°ê¤H«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¦³²§©ÎªÌ¤å¨¥¤å¬O¸¨«áªº»y¨¥, §E¥H¬°³o¬O¸ÑŪ¤è¦¡¥X¿ù,§Y¬O"§ä¨º­Ó°ÝÃDªºµª®×ªº¤èªk", §Y¤èªk¾Ç°ÝÃD, ¤£¥i¥H³æ¤Þ¤@¥y¥b¥y´N¯à»¡©ú.

¦Ó¹ï³o¤@Ãþ°ÝÃDªºÃöª`, ªº½T³q±`³£­ø«Y¤¤¤å¨tªº¤HªGªM¯ù, ©Ò¥H¤½¥J¨Ð·|¤£¥H¬°µM. ¦ý¬O³o¬O«D±`­«­nªº°ÝÃD. ¦]¬°¤èªk¿ù, µL½×§A¥Î¨º­Ó¤èªkŪ¤F´X¦h®É¶¡ªº®Ñ, ¤]¥u·|§ä¨ì¤@­Ó¤£¦X²zªºµª®×.
§Ú¤£¬O»¡¤¤¤å¨t¥þ³£·d¿ù, ¦ý¬O¹ï¤èªk¾Çªº»{ª¾¬y©óª½Æ[, ¥ç¦h»{¬°¤£»Ý­n¦h©ñ®É¶¡°Q½×.


¦³¤@ÂI¥O¤¤¤å¨tªº¤H¤£·Q©M­õ¾Ç¨tªº¤H°Q½×ªº¬O, ·í¤èªk¾Ç³Q½èºÃ®É, ©¹©¹¦³¤@­Ó«ÜÃø­±¹ïªº²{¶H, ´N¬O©Ò¾Çªº¨Æ­n¥þ½L¦A¼fµø. ·Pı¬O·|«ÜÃø¨üªº.

­õ¾Ç¾Ç¥Í¥ç¤£¯à²æÂ÷¤¤¤å¨tªº¦¨ªG. §Ú®³µÛªº...´N¬Odc lau©Ò½sªº½×»y©s¤l, graham ¥ç¦ÛºÙsinologist. ³q±`¬O¦b¤¤¤å¨t¦³©Ò¥Xª©«á, ­õ¾Ç¨tªº¤H¦A¤Ï¬Ù¨º¨Ç¸ÑŪªº¤èªk¾Ç°ò¦, ¦Ó¤Ï¬Ù¹Lµ{¤¤, ©¹©¹¬O ¥ý°²³]¤¤¤å¨tªº¤H¬O¹ïªº. ¦]¬°°ÝÃD½ÆÂø¦Ó»Ý­n¤À¤u, ¬O«Ü¥­±`ªº¨Æ.

¨s³º"µû½×¬Y¬Y²z½×ªº»ù­È¬°¦ó?" ³o¤@°ÝÃD¦p¦ó½ÆÂø?
¤½¥J¨Ð°_½X¬Ý»´¤F¨ä¤¤­n³B²zªº¤@­Ó°ÝÃD, ´N¬O¦p¦óµû»ù¤@²z½×. ³o°ÝÃD­õ¾Ç¨tªº¤H¤À¤F¤£¤p¥\¤Ò§@¬ã¨s, ¦Ó¦b§Úªº¤å¤¤¥ç¦³´£¤Î. ³o¥ç¬O¤½¥J¨Ð"¤£¥H¬°µMªº"¥ç¦h¥uı¨º¬O©_©_©Ç©Çªº¨¥½×.....¦ý¬O­nªG§A­n¬°¨º­Ó°ÝÃD§äµª®×, ´N¤£±o¤£°Q½×¨º­Ó°ÝÃD. ³o­Ó»Ý­n¬O°ò©ó§Ú­Ì°Ýªº¨º­Ó°ÝÃD¥»¨­. ¬O¤£¤À"¤¤¤å¨t­õ¾Ç¨t" ªº

©Ò¿×"¹D²z", ¥u¦³¦X²z¤£¦X²z¤§¤À. ¨Ã¨S¦³"§Úªº" ©M "§Aªº" ¤§¤À. ³o¬O"°Q½×"³o¤@¦æ¬°ªº¹w³]. ¦pªG¤£»{¬°"²z"¬O´¶¹Mªº, °Q½×¤S¦³¤°»ò·N¸q. ¤½¥J¨Ð¦b³o¸Ì¥i¥H¤ñ­±§Ú, »¡¤@Án»¡¨º¨Ç¬O§Úªº¹D²z. ¦ý¬O¦pªG§Ú¬O§Aªº¾Ç¥Í, §A¦³³d¥ô«ü¥X§Úªº°ÝÃD®É, §A´N¨«­ø¥Ï, ­n«ü¥X"§Úªº¹D²z"ªº°ÝÃD¤F.

¦Ó¹ï°ÝÃDªº°Q½×¥çµM, ¬O¤£¤À¤¤¤å¨t©Î­õ¾Ç¨tªº. §Ú­Ì¬O­n¬°¨º­Ó°ÝÃD§äµª®×. ¦pªG¤¤¤å¨t¦³¤¤¤å¨tªºµª®×, ­õ¾Ç¨t¦³­õ¾Ç¨tªºµª®×. ¤@­ø«Y´N«YÊ\¦a°Ýºò¨â­Ó­ø¦P¬J°ÝÃD, ¤@­ø«Y´N¦³¤@¤è·d¿ù¥ªd³¥.

¦pªG­n§Ú¶}©l¨º­Ó°Q½×<<½×»y>>, §Ú´N·|¥Ñ¤@¨Ç§Ú»{¬°¤ñ¸ûÁo©úªº½g³¹¶}©l. ¤£¹L¦³ ¤@ÂI¬O ¡A¡m½×»y¡D¶mÄÒ¡n³Q§åµû, ¤£¬O¦]¬°§Ú­Ì¬O²{¥N¤H, ¦]¬°¾¥¤l³£¦³¦P¼Ëªº§åµû.
§Ú·|¥ý¤Þix 3. (dc lau ªº½s¿è).¤l¤ê¡G¡u³Â°Ã¡A§¤]¡F¤µ¤]¯Â¡F»ü¡A§^±q²³¡C«ô¤U¡A§¤]¡F¤µ«ô¥G¤W¡A®õ¤]¡CÁö»·²³¡A§^±q¤U¡C¡v
½×»y­«Â§, ¤Õ¤l¦b"§ï§" ®É, §@¤F¤@­Ó¸ÑÄÀ.
¨º¸ÑÄÀ¥ç¬O¤@­Ó¹ï§Ú¦Ó¨¥, «Ü¶¶¦Õªº¸ÑÄÀ.

¦ý¬O, ³o¤]¬O¤@¥y°_¨â¥y¤îªº. ¤í¯Ê²`¤Jªº¤Ï¬Ù. ¬G§Ú»¡¤Õ¤l¬O®aªø±Ð®v¦¡ªº"±Ð°V". ¦Û¤v¹ï¦Û¤vªº²z½×, ¬O¨S¦³¹ï¤§´£¥X±j¦Ó¦³¤Oªº½×ÃÒ, ³o¥çªí²{¤F¥L¬O¨S¦³¦n¦n¤Ï¬Ù¦Û¤vªº±Ð±ø.

§Úı±o±µ¨ü³o¤@ÂI, ¤ñ°_ "§ïÅÜ¥j¤H«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡", ©Î«ü³d¤å¨¥¤å§ó¦X²z.

¹ï§Ú¦Ó¨¥, ¤å¨¥¤å¬O«ÜÁo©úªº¤åºØ, ¤ñ­^¤å§óÁo©ú, ¦pªG¤½¥J¨Ð­n»¡¥L¬O¸¨«áªº, ´N­nÁ|¥X¥L"¤£¯àªí¹F"ªº¨Æ±¡¤F.
------

¶¢¸Ü¨â«h. »¡°_§ÚªºÃãµü, »¡¨ÓºF·\. ¤£¹Lªñ¤é¦¬¨ì¤@¥»¥s<<¥O¤j¾ÇÀYµhªº¤¤¤å¬ì>>¤@ ®Ñ. §Ú³Q»¡ªA©M·P°Ê¤F, ı¤µ¬O¦Ó§@«D, ¬G¶}©l¦h¹Á¸Õ¥H¤¤¤å¼g§@. §Æ±æ­ø¦n¨£¯º.

¥t¥~´N¬O"·í¤H¤£Åý"¤@¨Æ. ¦b¤¤¾Ç®É, ³o¥i¬O¤j¤£«Kªº. §Ú¥»©Ê³ßÅw¥æ¬y. ¤§«e¦pªG¹J¨ì¤@¨Ç·P±¡²`ªº¦Ñ®v, ¤S«ù¦³¤£¬°©Ò®eªº·N¨£®É("¤£¬°©Ò®e"¬O¤ñ"¤£¦P"®£©Æªº), §Ú´N¾Ç·|¤F¤@¤pÄ_¯«¥\. ¥ý¶Ì¯º, »¡®É²´±æ¦a¤U, ¦A»´Án§â·N¨£»¡¥X. ¨º»ò´N¥i¥H¶¶§Q¹D¥X¦Û¤vªº¨£¸Ñ¤F.
[> Subject: Re: "Àu´f"¾§®a, ¨ä¹ê¬O¦b½î½ñ¾§®a


Author:
CH
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 17:56:00 03/13/07 Tue

·PÁ½²®v¥S¬°§Ú­Ì±a¨Ó¤F³o¤@½g¦³½ì¤å³¹, ½Ð¦³ªÅªº¸Ü©w¥²¬°§Ú­Ì¦A¼g´X½g, ¹ï©ó§Ú³o­Ó¥¿¦b¤¤¤Æªº¾Ç¥Í¨Ó»¡, ³o§ó¬O¦³·N«ä

°O±o¤¤¤Æal¨÷¸Ì¦³ÃD­n¦Ò¥Í¬°¤Õ¤l¹ï°­¯«²½ªÁªº²z½×§@¸ÑÄÀ¡BÅGÅ@¡A¨ä¤¤¤@­Óµª®×Ãþ¦ü¬O¡u­n·q¦Ó»·¤§¤£µ¥©ó¤£Á|¦æ²½ªÁ¡A¦]¬°§Ú­Ì­n°²³]Í¢­Ì¦s¦b¡v³oºØµª®×©l²×¤£¯à¥O§Ú«HªA¡A¤Ï¦Ó¦³ÂI¡u§¨µw¦PÊ\°Â¡vªº·Pı

½²®v¥S¬O¦bŪ­õ¾Ç¨t§a¡H½Ð°Ý´¶¹M¨Ó»¡³o­Ó¨tÂл\¤F¬Æ»ò½dÄw¡H
[> [> Subject: »¡°_°­¯«, ¾¥¤l§ó¦³½ì


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 19:35:13 03/13/07 Tue

¾¥¤l¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó´£­Ò°­¯«¤§»¡ªº­ì¦], ¤£¬O¦]¬°¥L­Ì¯uªº¦s¦b, ¦Ó¬O¦]¬°¦pªG¦b§Ú­Ìªº¤é±`¥Í¬¡¦³, °²³]Ê\¦s¦b, ¤H´N¤£´±°µÃa¬O, ¦]¬°±`·QµÛ¥i¯à ¦³ªG§À³¥ ¥Ø¤Î ¦í§A.

«ÜÃø¸ÑÄÀ­õ¾Ç¨tŪ¤°»ò, ­õ¾Ç¬O¤@«ä¦Ò¬¡°Ê. ¦pªG§A¼g¤@ÂIªF¦è¥X¨Ó, §Ú¥H¨D¯uªººA«×°Q½×¤@¤U, ¤Ï§ó¯à©ú¥Õ¤°»ò¬O­õ¾Ç

¤£¹L¦³¤@ÂI¥i¥HªÖ©w, ­õ¾Çªº°V½m¬O¤@¶µ¦Û§Ú§_©wªº°V½m. ¤£¹³Åªªk«ß, ¼Æ¾Çµ¥ªº¦P¾Ç¤@¼Ë, ¾Ç²ß®É¥Rº¡º¡¨¬·P; ¤Ï¦Ó¬O­n¦b§A´£¥X§A§V¤O«ä¦Ò¥X¨Óªº¨Æ±¡«á, ®³µ¹±Ð±Â­Ì§_©w¤@½,µ¹¥L­Ì«ü¥X§Aªºº|¬}, ¤~·|¶i¨B,(¦pªG¥u·Q§¹¦¨¾Ç¦ì¥t­p).
©Ò¥H, ¦pªG§A¬O­n¥H¦¨¥\·P±À°Ê§AŪ®Ñªº¸Ü, ´N¤£¤Ó¦X¾AŪ­õ¾Ç¤F
[> Subject: Re: "Àu´f"¾§®a, ¨ä¹ê¬O¦b½î½ñ¾§®a


Author:
Room 4¤H
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 13:22:09 03/14/07 Wed

> §Úı¦b³oÁÙ¬O²M½Í¤ñ¸û¦n.....
>
>
>**************
>Ū½×»y®É, ¤j®a¤]¥i¯àı±o¥L¥EÅ¥¨Ó¦³¹D²z,
>¦ý²Ó·QµÛ«e¤å«á¤å¤¬¤£©IÀ³?
>Ū©s¤l®É, §ó·|ı¥L»¡ªº"¤ñ³ë", ¦³¤ñ³ëªº¯à¤O,
>¦ý¨S¦³Ãþ¤ñªº¯à¤O?
>
>"¶Ç²Î"¹ï¦¹ªº¸ÑÄÀ´N¬O"¤¤°ê¤Hªº«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¤£¦P",
>¤£¬O¤Õ¤l©s¤l¨S¦³¹D²z,
>¦Ó¬O¨º®Éªº"¹D²z"©M²{®Éªº"¹D²z"¤£¦P.
>¨ä¤¤ªº¤@­Ó¥Nªí²z½×, ´N¬O"ÃöÁp·PÀ³"
>(corelative-thinking)
>
>¦ý¬O, ³¯º~¥Í±Ð±Â¤£ªí¦P·N.
>²{¥H¤U¬O¥L¹ï¤Ï¹ïªº´X­Ó°ò¥»­ì¦].
>
>1.) ¦pªG¬O·í®Éªº¤¤°ê¤Hªº«ä·Q©M²{®Éªº¤£¦P,
>¨º»ò¬°¤°»ò¾¥¤l·|·Q¥X§åµû¾§®a¥Ù¬Þ.
>¾¥¤l§ó´£¥X§ä¥X¤@±ø©ñ¤§©ó¥|®ü¬Ò·Çªº´¶¹M©w«ß,
>³o¤£´N¬O²{¥N¤H¹ïconsistence ¤@­Pªºªí²{¶Ü?
>³o»¡©ú¤£¬O¤¤°ê¤Hªº¸£³U©M§Ú­Ìªºµ²ºc¤£¦P,
>¦Ó¥u¬O¾§®aªº²z½×Åé¨t¤£¦P
>
>
>2.) ¦pªG¤¤°ê¤Hªºlogic©M²{¥N¤H§¹¥þ¤£¦P, ¨º»ò,
>¥L­Ì¬O¦p¦ó¥Í¬¡ªº©O?
>
>if a then b, a
>
>therefore b
>
>¬O¤@­Ólogic ªº©w«ß, ¨ä¥LªºÁÙ¦³a or not a is true µ¥µ¥,
>§Ú­Ìªº¥Í¬¡¤£°±ªº§Q¥Î³o©w«ß;
>¥L­Ìªº«ä¦Ò¦pªG©M³o¨Ç²z½×¤£§k¤f, ¥L­Ì¦p¦ó¥Í¬¡?
>
>
>
>
>3.¬°¤FºûÅ@"«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¤£¦P"³o¤@²z½×,
>±À¥X¤F"¤@¤H¤@¤å²z½×", ´N¬O»¡©s¤lªº¸q, ©M¤Õ¤lªº¸q,
>©M¾¥¤lªº¸q, ©M ¦Ñ¤lªº¸q...¬O¤£¦Pªº¦r; ²ø¤lªº¹D,
>©M¤Õ¤lªº¹D, ©M©s¤lªº¹Dµ¥, ¤]¬O¤£¦Pªº¦r...
>
>³o¬O¥t¤@©Ç½×,
>¤Õ¤l©s¤l¦Ñ¤l²ø¤lªº§@ªÌ¬O¦b¦P¤@®É¥Nªº­õ¾Ç®a,
>¥L­Ìªº¾Ç»¡À³¸Ó¦³¤¬¬Û¥æ¬y, ¬°¤°»ò¥L­Ì·|¦U¦Û¦³¦Û¤vªº»y¨¥?
>
>
>
>
>
>-----------
>µ²½×:¤Õ¤l¬O®aªø±Ð®v¦¡ªº¤H;
>¥L¤£¬O©M¨ä¥L­õ¾Ç®a¥Î¤£¦Pªº»y¨¥,
>¦Ó¥u¬O©M¨ä¥L­õ¾Ç®a¦³¤£¦Pªº·N¨£.
>
>§Úªº¶ý¶ýŪ®Ñ¤£¦h,¦ý´I¦³¤H¥Í¸gÅç,
>¸g±`¤]©M§Ú»¡¤£¦Pªº¹D²z, ·í¤¤¦³«Ü¦h§Ú¤]¬O«D±`´L­«ªº,
>¦ý¬O­n¨D¦o§â¦oªº­Û²zÆ[¤Ï¬Ù, ª@µØ¬°¤@¦¨¼ôÅé¨t,
>«h¬O¹L¥÷ªº­n¨D; ¦pªG¥Î­õ¾Ç®aªº¤f§k©M¦o°Q½×,
>¦h¥u¥O¦o¤Ï·P. ©Ò¥H§ÚªººA«×¦h¬O¥ýÅ¥¤F, ¦A²Ó¨ý,
>±Òµo©Êªº, §Ú¦n¦n«O¯d; ¤£¦P·Nªº, §Ú©ñ§C.
>
>¤Õ¤l´N¬O¥Í¬¡¦b¤@­Ó³o¼Ë²ßºD©óÅv«Â¦¡½e¨¥ªº¤H.
>
>¥L©M¾¥ªÌ¤£¬O¥Î¤£¦Pªº»y¨¥, ¦Ó¬O¹ï¨Æ±¡¦³¤£¦Pªº¨£¸Ñ.
>
>´N¥¿¦p¦pªG°ó¥D©M¤½¥J¨ÐÅG½×±E¹ï±E¿ù®É, ¥L­Ì¬O¦b»¡¦P¤@­Ó
>"¹ï"¦r ©M¦P¤@­Ó"¿ù" ¦r, ¥L­Ì¤£¬O¦bÅG½×
>"¹ï"¦r©M"¿ù"¦rªº·N«ä; ¦Ó¬O¦bÅG½×¤°»ò¬O¹ï, ¤°»ò¬O¿ù.
>
>¥t¥~, ¦pªG¥H"¥j¤¤°ê¤Hªº«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¤£¤@¼Ë"§@ºûÅ@,
>¨ä¹ê·|¥O¾§¾Ç³s¥»¨­ªº»ù­È¤]®ø¥¢.
>¦pªG«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¬O¤£¦P¤Fªº¸Ü,
>¦Ó§Ú­Ì¤S»{¬°²{¦b°l¨Dconsistency, ªº«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¬O¶i¨Bªº¸Ü,
>¨º»ò¾Ç²ß¾§®a¤£´N¨S¦³·N¸q¤F»ò?....©ÎªÌ¥u¯d¤U¹³Åª¾ú¥v¤@¼Ë
>ªº·N¸q¤F»ò?
>
>
>¦pªG¤j®a¤£¤Ï·P, §Ú´N¨Ó­Ó¤U¦^¹w§i
>¤U¦¸ÃD¥Ø¬°"¤°»ò¥s°µ¥H­^¤å«ä¦Ò"
>§Ú­Ì±`»¡¾Ç­^¤å­n¾Ç¥H­^¤å«ä¦Ò, ¦ó¿×¥H­^¤å«ä¦Ò?
>¬O§_¥u¬O¦b«ä¦Ò®É, ¸£®ü¤¤¥u¥X²{­^¤å´N¥s§@¥H­^¤å«ä¦Ò?
>¤U¦^§Ú·|¥Hindo-euro ¨t²Îªº«ä·Q®aªº¨¤«×,
>»¡¤@¤U§Ú¹ï³o¤@ÃD¥Øªº·Qªk

§Ú·Q¦P¤j®a¤À¨É¤@¨Ç·N¨£¡C
¤¤¦è­õ¾Ç¬O¤£¦P¡A«ä¦Ò¤è¦¡¤]¤£¦P¡A©Ò¥H§Ú­Ì¥Î¼Æ²zÅÞ¿è¤èªk¥h¤F¸Ñ¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç¨ä¹ê¬O¤£¦X¾A¡C
¦]¬°¤¤¤å¥»¨­¤£¬OÅÞ¿è»y¨¥¡A©Ò¥H¤£¥i¯àª½±µ¥Î¼Æ²zÅÞ¿è¥h¤ÀªR¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç«ä·Q¡C
§Æ±æ¤j®a©ú¥Õ¡C
[> [> Subject: begging the question


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 16:06:44 03/14/07 Wed

¤W¤åªº°Q½×, ¥¿¥¿´N¬O»¡§Ú­Ì»{¬°¤¤¦è¤èªº«ä¦Ò¤èªk¦³µÛ®Ú¥»¤Wªº¤À§O¬O¿ù»~ªº, ¦pªG§A¤S¥Îµf"¤¤¦è¤èªº«ä¦Ò¬O¤£¥Îªº"¨Ó¤Ï¹ï§Ú©Ò»¡ªº, ¨º´N¬Obegging the question, ´`Àô½×ÃÒ.

¥t¥~, ¬°¦ó§Ú·|»¡¦³¾÷·|¦A´N¤°»ò¥s­^¤åªº«ä¦Ò¤è¦¡?
¦]¬°¤¤¦è¤èªº«ä¦Ò­«ÂI, ªº½T¦³¤£¦P, ¤£¹L¬O¦]¬°¤¤­^¤åÅܤƥX¨Óªº¤À§O, ÅÞ¿è«ä¦Ò¬O¨S¦³¤À§Oªº. §Y¬O´N¥D·F¨S¤À§O, ¦Ó¤ä¸­¦³¤À§O.

¦pªG§A¦³¤ß¾÷Ú»®I¸¨¥hªº¸Ü, §Ú´£¥X¤@­Ó¤p¤p¦³½ì¬J²{¶H, ¥L¶¡±µ¦a¤ä«ù¤å¨¥¤å¤ñ­^¤å§ó¦³¨t²Î, ÅÞ¿è§óºë².


­^¤åÅÞ¿è¥Î¦r, ¦³

"¦pªG...´N"
if....then...

ÁÙ¦³

"©ÎªÌ"
or

ÁÙ¦³

"«D"
not

ÁÙ¦³

"©M"
and

¦ý¬O¦b¤å¨¥¤å·í¤¤, ¬O¨S¦³ "©ÎªÌªº"(or).
¥L­Ì¥Î

«Da §Yb
¨Óªí¹F
a ©ÎªÌ b. ªº.

§Y¬O»¡, ÅÞ¿è¤W, ¥L­Ìºë²¤F, ¥Î¤Ö¤F¤@­Ónotion.

(À´¹q¸£ªº¤H¸Ü¤ñ§Úª¾¤@­Ó¹q¸£¥Î¨â­Ónotion´N¥i¥H¥]¬A®Í©Ò¦³notion.)
[> [> Subject: ¦³½ì¦³½ì


Author:
¤½¥J¨Ð
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 17:57:59 03/14/07 Wed

¡u¦ý¬O¦b¤å¨¥¤å·í¤¤¡A ¬O¨S¦³ "©ÎªÌªº"(or)¡C¥L­Ì¥Î¡G«Da §Yb
¨Óªí¹Fa ©ÎªÌ b ªº¡C¡v

Ä@»D¨ä¸Ô¡A¥i§_«üÂI¤@¤G¡C
[> [> [> Subject: ¦^¤½¥J¨Ð©Motl


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 01:48:56 03/15/07 Thu

¹ï¤£°_, ¤â§Ö¥´¿ù.

§Ú¬O·Q»¡¥ý¯³¤£¥Î

if a then b

¦Ó¬O¥Î

(not a or b.)

«Da §Yb

¨âªÌªºÅÞ¿èµ²ºc¬Û¦P.
¨S¦³¤F"if then" ªº³o¤@­Ónotion, ¦Ó¥Î¤Fnot, ©M or ³o¨â­Ónotion¦X¥Î, ²Õ¦¨ÅÞ¿è©Mif..then¬Û¦Pªº, §Y¤Ö¤F¤@­Ónotion
[> [> [> [> Subject: ­×¥¿


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 02:18:50 03/15/07 Thu

§Ú¤SÁ¿¿ù¥ª
§Ú¬O·Q»¡:

¥ý¯³¤£¥Î
a or b

¦Ó¬O¥Î
if not a then b
«Da«hb

§Y¬O¥Î"not" ©M"if..then" ¨â­Ónotion

¨âªÌÅÞ¿èµ²ºc¬Û¦P
¥Î¨â­Ó­^¤å¤w¦³ªºnotion, ¥N´À¤@­Ó­^¤åªºnotion
[> [> [> Subject: ¥i§_Á|¨Ò¡H


Author:
¤½¥J¨Ð
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 08:00:11 03/15/07 Thu

§Aªº·N«ä¬O¤å¨¥¤å¡u¤@©w¬O³o¼Ë¡v¡AÁÙ¬O¡u¤@¯ë¬O³o¼Ë¡v¡H
¦pªG¬O¡u¤@©w¬O³o¼Ë¡v¡A§A«K¤£¯à¥u»¡¡u²z½×¡v¡A¦Ó­nÁ|¥X¡u¥þ¼Æªº¨ÒÃÒ¡v¡A¤£®e³\¤H®aÁ|¥X¤@­Ó¡u¨Ò¥~¡v¡F
¦pªG¥u¬O¡u¤@¯ë¬O³o¼Ë¡v¡A§A¤§«eªº»¡ªk«K¥Ç¤F¡u¥H°¾·§¥þ¡vªºÂÕ»~¡C
­n¤£µM¡A§A«K­n»¡¡u¤@³¡¤À¤å¨¥¤å¡K¡K¡v¡C

¥¿¦p¡m½×»y¡n¥X²{ªº¦~¥N¡A¤å¦rµ§¿ýªº¤ô¥­¤@©w°l¤£¤W«ä·Qªº¤ô¥­¡A§Ú­Ì­nÅé½Ì¡CÄY®mªº¡u¥H¤µ«D¥j¡v¡A´N¬O¯Ê¤Ö¤F³o¤@¥÷Åé½Ì¡C·íµM¡A¤£¡u¥H¤µ«D¥j¡v¡A¨Ã¤£µ¥¦p¡u¤Z¥j¬O¹ï¡v¡C

¤Õ¤l¤£¬O±Ð¾É§Ú­Ì­n¡uª¾¤§¬°ª¾¤§¡A¤£ª¾¬°¤£ª¾¡A¬Oª¾¤]¡v¶Ü¡HÁöµM¦³¦P¾Ç¥H¡uºhåÑ¡vªº¤ñ³ëÃտؤ§¡A¦ý³o¨ÃµL·l³o¥y»¡¸Üªº¼vÅT¤O¡CÁa¨Ï¤µ¤Ñ¡A¡u¤£ª¾¡v§ê¡uª¾¡v¡A¦Ó¤´¤£ªÖ»{¦Û¤v¡uµLª¾¡vªº¡A¤j¦³¤H¦b¡C
[> [> [> [> Subject: Re: ¥i§_Á|¨Ò¡H


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 15:23:08 03/15/07 Thu

§Ú·Q»¡¥Î"«Da§Yb"ªí¹F "or" ¬O ¥j¤åªº©w«ß.

¦ý§Ú·íµM¨S¦³¥þ³¡¥j¤å¬Ý¹L¤@¤ù

¦ý¥Ñ§Ú¬Ý¨ìªº¨º¨Çsample, §Ú¨S¦³¬Ý¹L¤@­Ó¥i¥H©M or ¤@¼Ë·N«äªº¦r.
·íµM, §Ú¬Ý¹Lªº¥ý¯³®ÑÄy¦³­­, ¬Æ¦Ü²{¦³ªº¥ý¯³¤å¥»³£¦³­­.

¦ý¬O³o¤]¤£¥i¥H»¡¥H°¾·§¥þ.
³o¥s§@induction. §Y¦³­­ªº¸gÅç±À½×¥X´¶¹M©w«ß.°£¤FÅÞ¿è©M¼Æ¾Ç¥~ ©Ò¦³ª¾ÃѤ]¬O³o¼Ë±o¨Óªº(±d¼w»{¬°¦³²Ä¤TÃþª¾ÃÑ)

¥t¥~, or ¬OÅÞ¿ènotion, ¦pªG¦³ªº¸Ü´N¤@©w·|¸g±`¥X²{

¦³¤@­Ó¦³¥i¯à¦¨¬°orªº¦r, ´N¬O©Î, ¦ý§Ú»{¬°À³¸Ó±N¤§²z¸Ñ¬°may be,

"a or b" ©M "may be a, may be b" ªº¤À§O¬O
"or" ¬O¤@­Óassertion, Â_¨¥, "a or b"¬O¦b»¡,
"¤@­ø«Ya ¬O¯u, ¤@­ø«Yb ¬O¯u(¦pªG¬Oinclusive sense ´N­n¥[®I¤@­ø«YÊ\¦a¤@»ô«Y¯u)"
or ¬OÂ_¨¥, may be¬OºÃ´b

¥t¤@­Ó¤À§O¬O, may be a, may be b, ¬O®e³\¨âªÌ¬Ò«D, ¦ýa or b ¬O¤£®e³\ªº

²{¦b§Ú¥H<<©s¤l>>¬°¨Ò.

©Î¦r¥X²{±o³Ì¦hªº¬O"©Î¤ê".¥L«Ü©úÅã¬O"may be", (§Ú­Ì¥u·|»¡may be sbd will say...., ¦ý¤£·|»¡or you will say, ¦]¬°ÅÞ¿è¤Wor ¬O¤£®e³\¨âªÌ¬Ò«D) ¦p6b5©Î°Ý¤§¡C«ÎÃf¤l¤ê¡G¡u©u¤l¤£±o¤§¹Q¡AÀx¤l±o¤§¥­³°¡C¡v

, ¥H¤Uªº¨Ò¬O¤@¨Ç¥i¯à³QŪ§@or ªº"©Î"

6a15¤½³£¤l°Ý¤ê¡G¡u¶v¬O¤H¤]¡A©Î¬°¤j¤H¡A©Î¬°¤p¤H¡A¦ó¤]¡H¡v
1a3"©Î¦Ê¨B¦Ó«á¤î¡A©Î¤­¤Q¨B¦Ó«á¤î¡C¥H¤­¤Q¨B¯º¦Ê¨B¡A«h¦ó¦p?
1b10"©Î¿×¹è¤H¤Å¨ú¡A©Î¿×¹è¤H¨ú¤§¡C"

¦pªG³æ³æ¥H1b10¬°¨Ò, ¦]¬°"¨ú¤§" »P"¤Å¨ú"¬O«D¶Â§Y¥Õªº¹D²z, §Ú­Ì¥i¥H§â"©Îa, ©Îb" ¸Ñ§@or, (·íµM, ¥ç¥i¥H±N¬O¸Ñ§@may be, ¦]¬°§âmay be, ¥Î§@¨â­Ó«D¶Â§Y¥Õªº¨Æ¤W, ´N·|¦]¬°¨â¥ó¨Æ¥»¨­¬O«D¶Â§Y¥Õ, Åܦ¨ ¤F"or"

1a3, 50¨B©M100¨B¤£¬O«D¶Â§Y¥Õ,¦]¬°¥i¯à¬O49¨B, 48¨Bµ¥µ¥...¦ý¬O¥Ñ©ó«á¤å¬O "¥H¤­¤Q¨B¯º¦Ê¨B¡A«h¦ó¦p?"¤]¥i¥H±N¤§Åª¦¨or. ¦ý¥»¤å¤åªº¤]¥i¥H¸Ñ§@may be, ¥Hªí¥ÜÀH¤fÁ|¨â­Ó¨Ò.

6a15¨S¦³«Ü©úÅ㪺¨Ò¤lÃÒ©ú«D¤j¤H§Y¤p¤H, ¥L¨S¦³©úÅ㪺§_©w¦³"¤¤¤H", ¬G¤£¯à¤ÀÅG³o¬Omay be a, may be b.³o¨Ò¤l¥ç¬O¨âªÌ¬Ò³q

²{¦bªº°ÝÃD¬O, §Ú­ÌÀ³§_§â¨º¨Ç¬J¥i¥H¸Ñ§@"may be"ªº©Î, ¤S¥i¥H¸Ñ§@"or"ªº©Î, ¸Ñ§@or?

µª®×¬O¤£À³¸Ó, ¦]¬°³o¹H¤Ï¤Finterpretation¤¤ªºprinciple of holism.
§Y¬O»¡¦pªG¤@­Ó¦r, §Ú­Ì¥i¥H¥Î¦P¤@·N«ä¸Ñ³q¥þ¤å, ¬Æ¦Ü¥þ³¡¨º­Ó®É´Áªº¦P¤@­Ó¦r, §Ú­Ì¨S¦³²z¥Ñ¬°¥¦¥[¤W¥t¤@·N«ä.

¦Ó"©Î"¤@¦r, ¥i¥H¥Îmay be¸Ñ³q©Ò¦³ªºcase(°£«D¨º­Ó"©Î"¦r¬O«ü´b), ¦ý¤£¥i¥H¥Îor ¸Ñ³q©Ò¦³ªºcase, ¬GÀ³±i¤§Åª§@maybe.

¥t¥~, may be »ÝµM¤£¯à¸Ñ³q¦b"©Î"¦r¥X²{¦b¤@¨ÇÀ³¸Ó¸Ñ§@´b¦rªº¦a¤è, ¬G­¢¤£±o¥H±µ¨ü©Î¦r¦³¨â­Ó·N«ä, ¦ý¬O, ³o¤S¤Ï¹L¨ÓÃÒ©ú"©Î"¬O«ümay be, ¦]¬°"´b"¬OºÃ´b, ¤£½T©wªº·N«ä.


¥t¥~, if not a then b ªº¨Ò¤l¬O

3b9 "¤Ñ¤U¤§¨¥¡A¤£Âk·¨«hÂk¾¥"

«e¤å¬O¦³¤H°Ý«Y­ø«Y©s¤l"¦nÅG"³o¥y¬O©úÅã¬O©s¤l·Q±j½Õ"­ø«Y§Ú·QÅG, ¦ç¥[¦n¤jÀò°Ú, ­ø«Ya ´N«Yb °Õ, §Ú­ø¥X¾¤Á¿³¥­ø±o°Õ.(¥L¬°¤F±j½Õ, ´N¥Î¤F¤@­Ó³o¼Ëªº¥yªk)"

¦]¬°or ¤@¦rÅÞ¿è¤W¦³"­ø·|«Y¨âªÌ¬Ò¤£"ªº·N«ä, ¬G©s¤l¥Î¤§¥Hªí¥Ü¤jÀò.


¥t¥~.
¤½®]Às¤l, ³qÅÜ"¤£¬Û³Ó¡A«h¨â©ú¤]", ¬O¦b«ü ¬Û³Óor ¨â©ú.

¥t¦³¤@¥y, ¤£ª¾¥X³B, ¦ýºÃ¬°¥j¤å, ¦ý¤£ª¾®É­Ô, ´N¬O"µL¨ÆÄm®ï¶Ô,«D«Á§Yµs"

³o¥y¥ç¥Hif not a then b ¨Óªí¹F.
[> [> [> [> [> Subject: Re: ¥i§_Á|¨Ò¡H


Author:
¤½¥J¨Ð
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 09:45:27 03/17/07 Sat

¡uµª®×¬O¤£À³¸Ó, ¦]¬°³o¹H¤Ï¤Finterpretation¤¤ªºprinciple of holism.
§Y¬O»¡¦pªG¤@­Ó¦r, §Ú­Ì¥i¥H¥Î¦P¤@·N«ä¸Ñ³q¥þ¤å, ¬Æ¦Ü¥þ³¡¨º­Ó®É´Áªº¦P¤@­Ó¦r, §Ú­Ì¨S¦³²z¥Ñ¬°¥¦¥[¤W¥t¤@·N«ä. ¡v

¤å¨¥¤å¨Ã¤£¬O¡u¤@®É¡B¤@¦a¡B¤@®a¤§¨¥¡v¡A¬G§A©Ò»¡ªº¡u¥þ³¡¨º­Ó®É´Áªº¦P¤@­Ó¦r, §Ú­Ì¨S¦³²z¥Ñ¬°¥¦¥[¤W¥t¤@·N«ä¡v¦b¤å¨¥¤å¬O¥i¯àµo¥Íªº¡]¬d¤@¬d¡m»¡¤å¡n¡B¡mº¸¶®¡n§A«K·|©ú¥Õ¡F¹êµü©|¥B¦p¦¹¡Aµêµü§óÃø³B²z¡^¡A¤×¥H¥ý¯³¤å³¹¬°¬Æ¡C¤£­n§Ñ°O¡A¡u®Ñ¦P¤å¡A¨®¦P­y¡v¬O¯³©l¬Ó²Î¤@¤§«áÅ×µo¥Íªº¡F¦Ó¦³¤@¼Ë³Ì­«­nªºªF¦è¨S¦³²Î¤@ªº¡A«K¬O»y¨¥¡A¬G¯³º~¤§¤å³¹¡AÅצ¨¬°«á¥@¤å¨¥¤å©Ò¨úªkªº¹ï¶H¡A¦Ó¤f»y©M®Ñ­±»yªº¶ZÂ÷¤]¦Û¦¹·U¨Ó·U»·¡C

¦Ü©ó¡u"«Da§Yb"ªí¹F "or" ¬O¥j¤åªº©w«ß¡v¤@¶µ¡A§Ú¹ï¦¹¨Ã¨S¦³²`¨s¡A¦Ó§A»¡¡u¦ý¥Ñ§Ú¬Ý¨ìªº¨º¨Çsample, §Ú¨S¦³¬Ý¹L¤@­Ó¥i¥H©M or ¤@¼Ë·N«äªº¦r¡v¡A§Ú¹ï¦¹¥i¥H¸É¥R¤@¨Ç·N¨£¡C

¦]¬°¤å¨¥¤åªí¹F¡u©Î¡vªº·N«ä¡A¥i¥H¤£¥Î¥ô¦ó¦r¡A¥u¥Î°±¹y¨Óªí¹F¡A¬G¦p§A¥Î¹q¤l¤å¥ó¥hsearch¡u©Î¡v¡A§A¬O¤£·|§ä¨ìµª®×ªº¡C¯÷Á|¤@¨Ò¬°ÃÒ¡A¦³¤@¦¸©s¤l°Ý»ô¤ý¡G¡u¿W¼Ö¼Ö¡A»P¤H¼Ö¼Ö¡A±E¼Ö¡H¡v©M¡u»P¤Ö¼Ö¼Ö¡A»P²³¼Ö¼Ö¡A±E¼Ö¡H¡v­Y»yĶ¥X¨Ó¡A«K¬O¡u¤@­Ó¤HÅ¥­µ¼Ö±o¨ìªº§Ö¼Ö¡F¸ò¤H®a¤@°_Å¥­µ¼Ö±o¨ìªº§Ö¼Ö¡A­þ¤@ºØ§Ö¼Öªº·Pı¸û¤j¡H¡v¬Ý°_¨Ó¡A³oÃþ»¡¸Ü¦n¹³¨S¦³'or'ªº·N«ä¡A¦ý¥Î²{¥N¨¤«×¬Ý¨Ó¡A«hµ¥¦P¡uA or B, which do you prefer?¡v

¦]¦¹¡A¥Î²{¥N»y¨¥¨t²Î¾Ç»¡¨Ó¤ÀªR¤£¦P®É´Áªº¤å¨¥¤å¡A¤]¥i¥H¦³«Ü¦h¤£¦Pªº¬Ýªk¡C
[> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: principle of holism ,principle of humanity, principle of charity


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 13:39:27 03/18/07 Sun

>¡uµª®×¬O¤£À³¸Ó,
>¦]¬°³o¹H¤Ï¤Finterpretation¤¤ªºprinciple of holism.
>§Y¬O»¡¦pªG¤@­Ó¦r, §Ú­Ì¥i¥H¥Î¦P¤@·N«ä¸Ñ³q¥þ¤å,
>¬Æ¦Ü¥þ³¡¨º­Ó®É´Áªº¦P¤@­Ó¦r,
>§Ú­Ì¨S¦³²z¥Ñ¬°¥¦¥[¤W¥t¤@·N«ä. ¡v
>
>¤å¨¥¤å¨Ã¤£¬O¡u¤@®É¡B¤@¦a¡B¤@®a¤§¨¥¡v¡A¬G§A©Ò»¡ªº¡u¥þ³¡?>º­Ó®É´Áªº¦P¤@­Ó¦r,
>§Ú­Ì¨S¦³²z¥Ñ¬°¥¦¥[¤W¥t¤@·N«ä¡v¦b¤å¨¥¤å¬O¥i¯àµo¥Íªº¡]¬d?>@¬d¡m»¡¤å¡n¡B¡mº¸¶®¡n§A«K·|©ú¥Õ¡F¹êµü©|¥B¦p¦¹¡Aµêµü§óÃø
>³B²z¡^¡A¤×¥H¥ý¯³¤å³¹¬°¬Æ¡C¤£­n§Ñ°O¡A¡u®Ñ¦P¤å¡A¨®¦P­y¡v?>O¯³©l¬Ó²Î¤@¤§«áÅ×µo¥Íªº¡F¦Ó¦³¤@¼Ë³Ì­«­nªºªF¦è¨S¦³²Î¤@ªº
>¡A«K¬O»y¨¥¡A¬G¯³º~¤§¤å³¹¡AÅצ¨¬°«á¥@¤å¨¥¤å©Ò¨úªkªº¹ï¶H?>A¦Ó¤f»y©M®Ñ­±»yªº¶ZÂ÷¤]¦Û¦¹·U¨Ó·U»·¡C
¤½¥J¨Ðªº½×ÃÒ¬O¦³¤Oªº. ªº½T, §Ú­Ì¦³®É­Ô¬O¥i¥HÁ|¥X¤@¨Ç²z¥Ñ, ¥h¹H¤Ïprinciple of holism.
¤½¥J¨ÐÁ|¥Xªº¨º¨Ç²z¥Ñ, ´N¬O¥sprinciple of humanity. §Y¬O»¡§Ú­Ì¤£¬Oª¼¥Ø¦a¹ï¤å¨¥§@¥X²Î¤@ªº¸ÑŪ.¦Ó­n¬Ý¬Ý¦³¨S¦³¤H¬°¦]¯À¥O¨ì¨º¤å¦r¤£¬O²Î¤@ªº.

ªº¬O, principle of holism ¦b¨S¦³©ú½Tªº²z¥Ñ¤U, ¤£À³¹H¤Ï. ©Ò¥H§AÀ³¸Ó´£¥X¬°¤°»ò¸ÑŪªº¹ï¶HÀ³­n¹H¤Ïpriciple of holism¦a¸ÑŪ.
¦]¬°, ¦pªGprinciple of holism ¦pªG¥i¥HÀH®É¹H¤Ï(³o¥ç¬O§Ú²Ä¤@½g¤å³¹ªº¥D¦®¤§¤H). §Ú­Ì®t¤£¦h¥i¥H¥ô·N²z¸Ñ¤å³¹.
¥t¥~, ¦pªG»y¨¥¬O¥i¥H¥ô·N¦a¹H¤Ïprinciple of holism, ¨º¤@ºØ»y¨¥¬O¤£¯à¥Î¥H·¾³qªº.

¤½¥J¨Ð´£¥Xªº, ¥u¬O"À³¸Ó¦³¤@¨Ç¦a¤è¬O¥i¹H¤Ïprinciple of holismªº",³o§Ú¦P·N. ¦Ó¤½¥J¨ÐÃÒ©úªº¤£¬O"principle of holism ¬O¿ùªº"

§Ú¤å¤¤¶°¤¤¥H¤½¥J¨Ð¼ôÃѪº<<©s¤l>>§@¤Þ¤å, ¦]¬°§Ú°²³]©s¤l ¯u¦³¨ä¤H, ¦Ó®Ñ¤¤¯uªº¬O¬ö¿ý¤F¥Lªº¸Ü, ¤@¤H©Ò»¡ªº¥Î¦r, ¸Ó¬O¦X¥Gprinciple of holism. ¨º´NÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¶°¤¤¹B¥Îprinciple of holism. ¦pªG¤½¥J¨Ð¤£¦P·N, ´N¥i¯à­nÁ|¥X©s¤l¥i¯à¬O¦³¦h­«¤H®æ...¥i¥H©s¤l¬O«á¤H°²°U,¦Ó¦U½g¥Ñ¤£¦Pªº¤H¶°¦¨.....µ¥Ãþ¦üªº²z¥Ñ, ³o´N¬Oprinciple of humanityªº¥Î.

°£¤Fprinciple of humanity, principle of charity ¥ç¬O¤@­Ó¥i¥H¥Î¥H¹ï½¡principle of holism ªº²z¥Ñ. ¤ñ¦p¾¤¯d®Ú±Ð§Ú
i1 "¾Ç¦Ó®É²ß¤§, ¤£¥ç¼Ö¥G?" ªº"²ß"¦rªº¸ÑÄÀ®É´N»¡:

"²ß"¦r¤£¸Ó¸Ñ§@®É±`½m²ß, ¦]¬°¬O«Ü´eªº, ¦ó¼Ö¤§¦³, ©Ò¥H²ß¦r¸Ó¸Ñ§@"¥Î", ¥þ¥y¬O»¡"¾Ç¤Fªº¨Æ, ¦b¾A·íªº®É­Ô¥Î¥L, ¤£¬O«Ü¶}¤ß¶Ü?" ³o´N¬Oprinciple of charity¤F.

-----
Ãö©ó"or" , ¤½¥J¨Ð´£¥Xªº, ¥ç¬O«Ü¦³¤Oªº½×ÃÒ, ¥O§Ú¦³¤F§ó²`ªº¤Ï¬Ù. ²{¦^À³¦p¤U:

"¤@­Ó»y¨¥¦³"or" ³o¤@notion" ; ©M"¤@­Ó»y¨¥¯à«ä¦Ò©M§Ú­Ì"or""¤@¼ËªºÅÞ¿è" ¬O¤£¦Pªº. »¡¦p§Ú»¡¥L­Ì¥H«Da§Yb¨Óªí¹F "or", ´N¥¿¥¿¤@¤è­±»¡¥L­Ì¨S¦³or, ¥t¤@¤è­±»¡©ú¥L­Ì¯à«ä¦Òor, ¦b½Ķ®É, ¥ç¥i¥H§Q¥Îor¨Óªí¹F.

¤½¥J¨Ð´£¥X1b1 "¿W¼Ö¼Ö¡A»P¤H¼Ö¼Ö¡A±E¼Ö", ·íµM¥i¥H½Ķ¦¨ "a or b, which one is happy?"

¦ý¥ç¤£¥Nªí¨âµü¨Ã±Æ, ´N¬O¤å¨¥ªº"or".
1a4. "¤½©ú»ö¤ê¡G¡y©´¦³ªÎ¦×¡A´\¦³ªÎ°¨¡A¥Á¦³°§¦â¡A³¥¦³¾j×g¡A¦¹²vÃ~¦Ó­¹¤H¤]¡C¡z"

1a4 "·¨¾¥¤§¹D¤£«å¡A¤Õ¤l¤§¹D¤£µÛ"

µ¥¤]¬O¨Ã±Æªº¥y¤l, ¦ý¬O§Ú­Ì´N¥Lªº«e¤å«á²zµ¥, §â«eªÌ¸Ñ¬°

(©´¦³ªÎ¦×and ´\¦³ªÎ°¨)but (¥Á¦³°§¦âand³¥¦³¾j×g) ©ÎªÌ (©´¦³ªÎ¦×and ´\¦³ªÎ°¨and ¥Á¦³°§¦âand ³¥¦³¾j×g)
ª`:and ¦PbutÅÞ¿è¤W¬Û¦P

"·¨¾¥¤§¹D¤£«å¡A¤Õ¤l¤§¹D¤£µÛ" ¸Ñ¦¨

(if ·¨¾¥¤§¹D¤£«å then ¤Õ¤l¤§¹D¤£µÛ) ©Î

(·¨¾¥¤§¹D¤£«åand ¤Õ¤l¤§¹D¤£µÛ).

¦ý³o¤]¬O§Q¥Î«e¤å«á²z¨Ó²z¸Ñ¥Xªº·N«ä. ¥i¨£ ¨âªÌ¨Ã±Æ¨Ã¤£¬O¤@¯S©wªºÅÞ¿ènotion

¦b1b1 ¥çµM. ¦]¬°¥X²{¤F¤@­Ó"±E"¦r.¦pªG§A¸Ñ§@which, ­þ«e­±ªº·N«ä´N "§½¦í" Åܰµ "or". ¦]¬°­n¤H¿ï¾Üªº¸Ü, ´N§½¦í­ø¥i¥H¨âªÌ¬Ò«D.

¥¦§½¦íÅܰµor, ¦]¬°ÅÞ¿è¤W¬Ûµ¥ªºÃö¨t, ·íµM§Ú¥ç¥i¥H"§½¦í"±N¤§¸Ñ§@"if ~ a, then b". §Y¬O»¡"¤£¿W¼Ö¼Ö¡A«h»P¤H¼Ö¼Ö, ±E¼Ö"
³o´N¬O¤£¯à³æ¥H :
" ¿W¼Ö¼Ö¡A»P¤H¼Ö¼Ö¡A±E¼Ö" ¤¤¤§¨Ã±Æ¯à½Ķ§@ "or"
¬° "¤å¨¥¤å¤¤, ¨Ã±Æ´N¬Oor³o¤@notion¤F.
(§Ú¦aı±o"¤£¿W¼Ö¼Ö¡A«h»P¤H¼Ö¼Ö, ±E¼Ö" ©_©Ç¬O¦]¬°«Da«hbÀ³¥Î¦bÂ_¨¥, ¦ý¬OÅÞ¿è¥Î»y¬O¨S¦³»y®ðªº)
³o¬O¤å¨¥¤åªºªí¹For ªº¤èªk. ¤Ï¹L¨Óªí¹F¤F¤å¨¥¤å­n¥t³V¤èªk¨Óªí¹F©M§Ú­Ì²{¥Nªº"or"¤@¦rªº·N«ä.

¦pªG¤½¥J¨Ð­nÃÒ©ú¤å¨¥¤å¦³"or" ³o¤@notion®É, ´N­n§ä¥X¤@­Ó¥i¥H¿W¥ß¦a¹B¥Î¦Óªí¹F¥Xor¤@·N.
´N¦p§Ú­Ì¦b»¡ ÅÞ¿è¤Wªº"a or b" ®É, ­Ó"or" ¦r´N¤@¥Ø¤FµMªí¹F¥X ¤£±µ¨ü¨âªÌ¬Ò«D¤@·N




>¦Ü©ó¡u"«Da§Yb"ªí¹F "or"
>¬O¥j¤åªº©w«ß¡v¤@¶µ¡A§Ú¹ï¦¹¨Ã¨S¦³²`¨s¡A¦Ó§A»¡¡u¦ý¥Ñ§Ú¬Ý?>쪺¨º¨Çsample, §Ú¨S¦³¬Ý¹L¤@­Ó¥i¥H©M or
>¤@¼Ë·N«äªº¦r¡v¡A§Ú¹ï¦¹¥i¥H¸É¥R¤@¨Ç·N¨£¡C
>
>¦]¬°¤å¨¥¤åªí¹F¡u©Î¡vªº·N«ä¡A¥i¥H¤£¥Î¥ô¦ó¦r¡A¥u¥Î°±¹y¨Ó?>í¹F¡A¬G¦p§A¥Î¹q¤l¤å¥ó¥hsearch¡u©Î¡v¡A§A¬O¤£·|§ä¨ìµª®×ªº
>¡C¯÷Á|¤@¨Ò¬°ÃÒ¡A¦³¤@¦¸©s¤l°Ý»ô¤ý¡G¡u¿W¼Ö¼Ö¡A»P¤H¼Ö¼Ö¡A?>E¼Ö¡H¡v©M¡u»P¤Ö¼Ö¼Ö¡A»P²³¼Ö¼Ö¡A±E¼Ö¡H¡v­Y»yĶ¥X¨Ó¡A«K¬O
>¡u¤@­Ó¤HÅ¥­µ¼Ö±o¨ìªº§Ö¼Ö¡F¸ò¤H®a¤@°_Å¥­µ¼Ö±o¨ìªº§Ö¼Ö¡A?>þ¤@ºØ§Ö¼Öªº·Pı¸û¤j¡H¡v¬Ý°_¨Ó¡A³oÃþ»¡¸Ü¦n¹³¨S¦³'or'ªº·N
>«ä¡A¦ý¥Î²{¥N¨¤«×¬Ý¨Ó¡A«hµ¥¦P¡uA or B, which do you
>prefer?¡v
>
>¦]¦¹¡A¥Î²{¥N»y¨¥¨t²Î¾Ç»¡¨Ó¤ÀªR¤£¦P®É´Áªº¤å¨¥¤å¡A¤]¥i¥H?>³«Ü¦h¤£¦Pªº¬Ýªk¡C
[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: ¦³Ãö¤å¨¥¤å¬ã¨sªºµÛ§@¤¶²Ð


Author:
¤½¥J¨Ð
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 18:40:44 03/18/07 Sun

·¨§B®mªº¡m¤å¨¥¤åªk¡n©M¡m¤å¨¥µêµü¡n¹ï¤å¨¥¤åªº¤ÀªR»á¬°²`¤J¡AÀ³¹ï§A¦³§ó²`ªº±Òµo¡C
[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: Re: ¦³Ãö¤å¨¥¤å¬ã¨sªºµÛ§@¤¶²Ð


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 01:21:48 03/19/07 Mon

¥H®Ñ¦W¦^À³¤]¬O¤@­Ó¦n¿ìªk, °_½X¯à«O¦í¤j®v­·½d.

ÁÂÁÂ, §Æ±æ§A¬O¯u¤ß«üÂI. ²¦·~«á§Ú·|²Ó¤ß¬ã¨s, §Æ±æ§Ú¯à¬Ý±o©ú¥Õ, ­ø©ú§Ú·|°Ý°·¦¨ªº.



§©|©¹¨Ó, ¥H¤Uªº¤å³¹«ö­«­n©Ê¥Ñ¤W¥H¤U±Æ¦C

donald davison ªº"principle of charity"¬Ophilosophy of interpretationªº ¸g¨å.

¦Ó§Ú¤å¨¥¤åªº"¦r¨å" ¬O ac graham "latest mohist language and logic". ¤@³¡¥÷¨ú§÷©ó Epistemological Issues in Classical Chinese

¦Ó§Ú¦Ñ®vªºÆ[ÂI, ¸Ô¨£ "A Daoist Theory of Chinese Thought", hansen chad.


³olink ¬O interpretive theory ªºÂûºë.
http://www.hku.hk/philodep/courses/laozi/Pettit.htm
[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: ¦hÁ«ü±Ð


Author:
¤½¥J¨Ð
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 21:55:01 03/19/07 Mon

§Ú¤£¬O¤j®v¡A¥u¬O´¿¦hŪ´X½g¥j¤å¦Ó¤w¡A¬GµL­·½d¥i¨¥¡C

§A«HªA§Aªº­õ¾Ç«ä¿ë¡A§Ú­Ì¬Ý­«§Ú­Ì»{¦Pªº»P¤H¬Û³Bªº¾Ç°Ý¡A¦p´µ¦Ó¤w¨o¡I

©Î¤ê¡G¡u¹l¡]¥ò¤}¡^¤]¤¯¦Ó¤£¦ð¡C¡v¤l¤ê¡G¡u²j¥Î¦ð¡H¿m¤H¥H¤fµ¹¡A¹ð¼¨©ó¤H¡C¤£ª¾¨ä¡]«ü¥ò¤}¡^¤¯¡A²j¥Î¦ð¡H¡v¡q¤½§Mªø²Ä¤­¡r
[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: Re: ¦hÁ«ü±Ð


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 16:18:49 03/22/07 Thu

¦pªG¤£§â²z»¡³q, ¤S¦p¦óª¾¹D¦Û¤v¯uªº¬O"¬°¤¯"©O?



>§Ú¤£¬O¤j®v¡A¥u¬O´¿¦hŪ´X½g¥j¤å¦Ó¤w¡A¬GµL­·½d¥i¨¥¡C
>
>§A«HªA§Aªº­õ¾Ç«ä¿ë¡A§Ú­Ì¬Ý­«§Ú­Ì»{¦Pªº»P¤H¬Û³Bªº¾Ç°Ý¡A?>p´µ¦Ó¤w¨o¡I
>
>©Î¤ê¡G¡u¹l¡]¥ò¤}¡^¤]¤¯¦Ó¤£¦ð¡C¡v¤l¤ê¡G¡u²j¥Î¦ð¡H¿m¤H¥H?>fµ¹¡A¹ð¼¨©ó¤H¡C¤£ª¾¨ä¡]«ü¥ò¤}¡^¤¯¡A²j¥Î¦ð¡H¡v¡q¤½§Mªø²Ä
>¤­¡r
[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: Re: ¦hÁ«ü±Ð


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 16:20:27 03/22/07 Thu

¦pªG»¡¤£³q¥ç¤£¥[§â«l·Q²M·¡¨Æ±¡, ·|­ø·|«Y¥u«Y¤@®É±µ¨ü­ø¨ì©O?
[> Subject: Re: "Àu´f"¾§®a, ¨ä¹ê¬O¦b½î½ñ¾§®a


Author:
sc
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 18:03:25 03/14/07 Wed

¦n¤å³¹¡C

¤Õ©s©Ò»¡ªº¡A¨ä¹ê©M "§Ú³ßÅw¦YºhåÑ" ¨S¦³¬Æ»ò¤À§O¡C³£¥u¬O "utterance" ©Î "ejaculation"¡C
[> [> Subject: Re: "Àu´f"¾§®a, ¨ä¹ê¬O¦b½î½ñ¾§®a


Author:
sc
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 18:09:16 03/14/07 Wed

·íµM¡A³o¨Ã¤£´N¥NªíºhåÑ­ø¦n¨ý¡C

¥u¬O§Ú­Ì¤£¶·¤Ó»{¯u¹ï«Ý¥L¤ä«ù¦YºhåѪº"²z½×°ò¦"¡C
[> Subject: Re: "Àu´f"¾§®a, ¨ä¹ê¬O¦b½î½ñ¾§®a


Author:
Pad student
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 21:51:49 03/14/07 Wed

>"¼Z­L¬O¦X¥G¹D¼wªº"
"±þ¤H¤£¬O¦X¥G¹D¼wªº"
"­L¬O¤H,¬G¼Z­L¬O±þ¤H"

¤p§Ì¾Ç³N¤ô¥­¤£°ª
©T³\¦h¦a¤è¥¼²M·¡©ú¥Õ

¼È¤£²z·|¦¹¨Ò¬O§_¥Ù¬Þ
¯Â¥HÅ޿誺¤è¦V¥Xµo
§Ú»{¬°¦¹¨Ò¤l¥»¨­¤w¬O­ÓÅÞ¿èÂÕ»~
¦]"¼Z­L¬O¦X¥G¹D¼wªº" ¥»¨­¤w¬O¤@­Ó°²³]©Êªº½×ÂI
§Ú²ºÙ¥¦¬°¤@­Ó"³´¨À"
"³´¨À"¯Â¬O¤@­Ó°²³]
­Y¥Î³oÃþ¦³ÂÕ»~ªº¬°¨Ò¤l
§Ú©È·|¿ù»~¤Þ¾É

(¥u¬O§Ú­Ó¤H±À´ú,¦pªG¿ù»~½Ð¨£½Ì¤Î±Ð¾É)
[> [> Subject: ¦^pad


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 01:57:16 03/15/07 Thu

¥H¤U¬O°²³]³¡¥÷
­L¬O¤H,
¬G¼Z­L¬O±þ¤H,
±þ¤H¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w

¥H¤U¬Oµ²½×³¡¥÷
¼Z­L¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w.


Ãö©ó¦p¦óµû¦ô¤@­ÓÃþ¤ñ¬O§_¦X©y, ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò³o­Ó.
http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/arg/analogy.php

§A¬O®v§Ì¶Ü, ¤£¥Î¤jÁ¾¨õ, «ù¥­´N¦æ¤F, ¦pªG§Ú·Q±a¥X¤@Æ[ÂIªº¸Ü,§Ú¦³³d¥ô¬°¦Û¤vªº½×ÂI¸ÑÄÀ, ¦Ó¤£¬O§A¦³³d¥ô¾Ç¹L§Ú©Ò¾Ç¹Lªº.
[> [> [> Subject: Re: ¦^pad


Author:
³ßÅw«ä¦Òªº"ÀÙ¥Á"
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 12:26:20 03/15/07 Thu

("­L¬O¤H" => "¼Z­L¬O±þ¤H")
& (±þ¤H¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w)
=>¼Z­L¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w

Above statement just contradict to the "assumption"
"¼Z­L¬O¦X¥G¹D¼wªº" only

§Ú¤£©ú¥Õ¤¤¶¡ÁÙ¦³¤°»ò implication (©Î³\¬O§Ú¤£¤ÓÀ´¤°»ò°ª¶¥ÅÞ¿è)

¦³¤p¤p³¥·Qµoªí¤@¤U, ­øª¾¤j®a¹ï 'ÁI' ¦³¦h¤Ö»{ÃÑ, ¦ý§Ú¬Ý 'ÁI'²z¦P¾§®a ¦³¤@¦@³q¤§¦a¤è, ¥Øªº¬O¾É¤H¦Vµ½¦Ó¤w, ¬G§Ú±q¤£¥Î"¦è¤è­õ¾Ç«ä¦Ò¤èªk" ¥h «ä¦Ò/§åµû "¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç", ¬ÝÁI»¡/¾§¹D¤§®Ñ®É, §Ú¥u·|µÛ²´©ó"¥¦¦bÁ¿¤°»ò¡A¥¦·Q¥@¤H¾Ç¨ì¤°»ò¯u²z¡A¾Ç¨ì«á§ÚÀ³¦p¦ó¥i¥H¥Î©ó¥­¤é¡A¥O¤Ñ¤U§ó¤j¦P"

Remarks: ¥»¤H³£´XÃÙ¦P "¨C­Ó¤H¬Ý¨ìªºÁI³£¤£¤@¼Ë", ©Ò¥H¾§®aªº¨S¹D²z¥i¯à´N¬O¨ä¹D²z©Ò¦b(³o´N¬O§Ú¥DÆ[¦a¬Ý¨ìªº¹D²z)......¥H¤W¬O¥»¤H¤§·M¨£, »¡¤F¤]¤£ª¾¦b»¡¤°»ò
[> [> [> [> Subject: Re: ¦^pad


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 15:25:55 03/15/07 Thu

¦pªG§A¬Ý¨ì§Ú³o¼Ë»¡, ¨ºÀ³¸Ó¬O§Ú¥´º|, ¹ï¤£°_, ¥H¤Uªº³¡¤À¬O§Ú¹ïÃþ¤ñ©ÒÁ|ªº¨Ò
quote
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
¥H¤U¬O°²³]³¡¥÷
­L¬O¤H,
¬G¼Z­L¬O±þ¤H,
±þ¤H¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w

¥H¤U¬Oµ²½×³¡¥÷
¼Z­L¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w.



>("­L¬O¤H" => "¼Z­L¬O±þ¤H")
>& (±þ¤H¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w)
>=>¼Z­L¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w
>
>Above statement just contradict to the "assumption"
> "¼Z­L¬O¦X¥G¹D¼wªº" only
>
>§Ú¤£©ú¥Õ¤¤¶¡ÁÙ¦³¤°»ò implication
>(©Î³\¬O§Ú¤£¤ÓÀ´¤°»ò°ª¶¥ÅÞ¿è)
>
>¦³¤p¤p³¥·Qµoªí¤@¤U, ­øª¾¤j®a¹ï 'ÁI' ¦³¦h¤Ö»{ÃÑ, ¦ý§Ú¬Ý
>'ÁI'²z¦P¾§®a ¦³¤@¦@³q¤§¦a¤è, ¥Øªº¬O¾É¤H¦Vµ½¦Ó¤w,
>¬G§Ú±q¤£¥Î"¦è¤è­õ¾Ç«ä¦Ò¤èªk" ¥h «ä¦Ò/§åµû "¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç",
>¬ÝÁI»¡/¾§¹D¤§®Ñ®É,
>§Ú¥u·|µÛ²´©ó"¥¦¦bÁ¿¤°»ò¡A¥¦·Q¥@¤H¾Ç¨ì¤°»ò¯u²z¡A¾Ç¨ì«á§Ú
>À³¦p¦ó¥i¥H¥Î©ó¥­¤é¡A¥O¤Ñ¤U§ó¤j¦P"
>
>Remarks: ¥»¤H³£´XÃÙ¦P "¨C­Ó¤H¬Ý¨ìªºÁI³£¤£¤@¼Ë",
>©Ò¥H¾§®aªº¨S¹D²z¥i¯à´N¬O¨ä¹D²z©Ò¦b(³o´N¬O§Ú¥DÆ[¦a¬Ý¨ìªº
>¹D²z)......¥H¤W¬O¥»¤H¤§·M¨£, »¡¤F¤]¤£ª¾¦b»¡¤°»ò
[> [> [> [> [> Subject: Re: ¦^pad


Author:
³ßÅw«ä¦Òªº ' ÀÙ¥Á '
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 21:11:55 03/15/07 Thu

¬Ýº|¤F¤W¤å, »~·|¤F¤U·N, §Ú·Q§Ú©ú¥Õ§Aªº·N«ä¤F (¬Ý¨Ó­n¦h¤@ÂI¥ð®§)

¦³¤@°Ý: "§Aı±o"¤¤¦è­õ¾Ç«ä·Q¦³¤°»ò¬Û¦P»P¤£¦P?


>¦pªG§A¬Ý¨ì§Ú³o¼Ë»¡, ¨ºÀ³¸Ó¬O§Ú¥´º|, ¹ï¤£°_,
>¥H¤Uªº³¡¤À¬O§Ú¹ïÃþ¤ñ©ÒÁ|ªº¨Ò
>quote
>-------------------------------------------------------
>-------------------------
>¥H¤U¬O°²³]³¡¥÷
>­L¬O¤H,
>¬G¼Z­L¬O±þ¤H,
>±þ¤H¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w
>
>¥H¤U¬Oµ²½×³¡¥÷
>¼Z­L¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w.
>
>
>
>>("­L¬O¤H" => "¼Z­L¬O±þ¤H")
>>& (±þ¤H¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w)
>>=>¼Z­L¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w
>>
>>Above statement just contradict to the "assumption"
>> "¼Z­L¬O¦X¥G¹D¼wªº" only
>>
>>§Ú¤£©ú¥Õ¤¤¶¡ÁÙ¦³¤°»ò implication
>>(©Î³\¬O§Ú¤£¤ÓÀ´¤°»ò°ª¶¥ÅÞ¿è)
>>
>>¦³¤p¤p³¥·Qµoªí¤@¤U, ­øª¾¤j®a¹ï 'ÁI' ¦³¦h¤Ö»{ÃÑ, ¦ý§Ú¬Ý
>>'ÁI'²z¦P¾§®a ¦³¤@¦@³q¤§¦a¤è, ¥Øªº¬O¾É¤H¦Vµ½¦Ó¤w,
>>¬G§Ú±q¤£¥Î"¦è¤è­õ¾Ç«ä¦Ò¤èªk" ¥h «ä¦Ò/§åµû "¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç",
>>¬ÝÁI»¡/¾§¹D¤§®Ñ®É,
>>§Ú¥u·|µÛ²´©ó"¥¦¦bÁ¿¤°»ò¡A¥¦·Q¥@¤H¾Ç¨ì¤°»ò¯u²z¡A¾Ç¨ì«á?>?>>À³¦p¦ó¥i¥H¥Î©ó¥­¤é¡A¥O¤Ñ¤U§ó¤j¦P"
>>
>>Remarks: ¥»¤H³£´XÃÙ¦P "¨C­Ó¤H¬Ý¨ìªºÁI³£¤£¤@¼Ë",
>>©Ò¥H¾§®aªº¨S¹D²z¥i¯à´N¬O¨ä¹D²z©Ò¦b(³o´N¬O§Ú¥DÆ[¦a¬Ý¨ì?>?>>¹D²z)......¥H¤W¬O¥»¤H¤§·M¨£, »¡¤F¤]¤£ª¾¦b»¡¤°»ò
[> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: Re: ¦^pad


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 03:28:32 03/16/07 Fri

¨ä¹ê¥´º|¬Ýº|¤]«Ü´¶³q. §Úªº¸£³U¯à¤O¦³­­, ¤S­n«Ü§Ö¦aÁ¿¤@¨Ç½ÆÂøªº¨Æ¹ê, ­t²ü¤£¤p.
ÅÞ¿è¬O­n¦h¦~°V½m¤~·|¦³¦¨ªGªº, §Ú«e°}¤l¬Ýrobert nozick ªº¤å, robert nozick ¬O¤@­Ó¤ÀªR­õ¾Ç¤j®v, ¦n¦Ñªº¤F, ¤j¥b¥@¤H¸£³U¤£°±¦a°V½m, §Ú¬Ý¥Lªº¤å, ¤@¤é¦Û¥|±ia4 ´N¤w¸g­n§ë®Í¦æ. ²Ö±o­n©R, ¦³®É¥b¤p®É¤~¯à¬Ý§¹¤@¤p¬q. «Ü¦h¤j®v¯Åªº­õ¾Ç®a¤]¦³¦p¦¹¥\¤O, §Úªº¸£³U¤ñ°_¥L­Ì, ´N¦pºâ½L¹ï¹q¸£.

§Ú¹ï¥ý¯³¥H«áªº¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç, ¤£¤ÓÀ´, ©Ò¥H§Ú»¡ªº¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç¥u¬O¥ý¯³½Ñ¤lªº¤@³¡¥÷.¤£¹L¦³¤@ÂI, ½×¹D²z, °£¯û¤l¥~, ¤Õ©s¬O³Ì¨S¹D²zªº, ¥ýŪ½×»y,¦AŪ¾¥¤l, µM«á¬O¦W®a, ¥O§ÚÅå³Y¤¤°ê­õ¾Çªº²`Âã.


¦pªG°Ý§Ú¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç¦P¦è¤è­õ¾Ç¦³«§­ø¦P, §Ú·|µª¥L­Ì¤@¼Ë¬O«Ü¦³´¼¼z. ¤£¹L, ­n¾Ç²ß¥ý¯³­õ¾ÇªºÁo©ú¤§³B, ´N¥ý­n©ñ±ó¨º­«¬°¤F¥O¾§®a¨åÄy³Q¸Ñ¿W±oÁo©ú¤@ÂI´N«§³£Á¿±o¥X¬JºA«×.

¤£ª¾¤§¬°¤£ª¾, ¥uª¾¹D¦³¤å¥ó¤Wªº´²¶h, ¤£¥i¥HµL¬G»¡¤Õ¤l¥i¯à¦³«Ü¦h«Ü¦³¹D²zªº¨Æ»¡¤F, ¥u¬O§Ú­Ì¤£Å¥¤£¨ì, . ¦³¤å¥ó´²¶h´N¥u¬O¥i¥H»¡¦³¤@¨Ç¨Æ¥L»¡¤F, §Ú­Ì¤£ª¾.

¤]¤£¥i¥H¨S¦³¥R¤Àªº²z¥Ñ, ¬°¤F¥O½×»y make sense, °kÁײz©Êªº§åµû, »¡¦¨­Ó¤¤°ê¤Hªº«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡µ¹»¡¦¨¦³®Ú¥»¤Wªº¤£¦P, ³o¥ç¬O§Ú²Ä¤@½g¤åªº¥D¦®

¥t¥~, ¸ÑŪ¥j¤å, ¬O¤@ºØinterpretation, ¸ÑÄÀ, ¦Ó­õ¾Ç¤W¤w¦³«Ü¦h°Q½×, ¤ÀªR§Ú­Ì­n¥H¤°»ò°²³]§@¸ÑŪ, ¨º¨Ç²z½×¤w¸g«Ü¶i¨B, ¹ï¥L¦³¤@ÂI»{ÃÑ·|¹ï¸ÑŪ¥ô¦ó»y¨¥, ¥]¬A²{¦b¦Û¤vªº»y¨¥«Ü¦³À°§U, §Ú¦³ªÅ¦A¤¶²Ð¨ä¤¤´X­Ó°ò¥»ªº­«­n·§©À.

¦ý¦³¤@ÂI«Ü¦³½ìªº, ¬O¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç¨S¦³³Q­^¤åªºgrammar§c. §Ú¤§«e»¡¦³¾÷·|¤À¨É¤°»ò¬O­^¤åªº«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡, ´N¬O·Q»¡­^¤åªºgrammar¦p¦ó´ÛÄF¤F¦è¤è­õ¾Ç®a. ¦è¤è­õ¾Ç®a¼sªx¦aµo²{¦Û¤v³Qgrammar§c¥ª¥u¦³¥|¦Ê¦h¦~, ¬G¥O¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç¦n¹³¤ñ¦è¤è­õ¾Ç¶i¨B¤d¦h¦~¤@¼Ë.



>¬Ýº|¤F¤W¤å, »~·|¤F¤U·N, §Ú·Q§Ú©ú¥Õ§Aªº·N«ä¤F
>(¬Ý¨Ó­n¦h¤@ÂI¥ð®§)
>
>¦³¤@°Ý: "§Aı±o"¤¤¦è­õ¾Ç«ä·Q¦³¤°»ò¬Û¦P»P¤£¦P?
>
>
>>¦pªG§A¬Ý¨ì§Ú³o¼Ë»¡, ¨ºÀ³¸Ó¬O§Ú¥´º|, ¹ï¤£°_,
>>¥H¤Uªº³¡¤À¬O§Ú¹ïÃþ¤ñ©ÒÁ|ªº¨Ò
>>quote
>>------------------------------------------------------
>-
>>-------------------------
>>¥H¤U¬O°²³]³¡¥÷
>>­L¬O¤H,
>>¬G¼Z­L¬O±þ¤H,
>>±þ¤H¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w
>>
>>¥H¤U¬Oµ²½×³¡¥÷
>>¼Z­L¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w.
>>
>>
>>
>>>("­L¬O¤H" => "¼Z­L¬O±þ¤H")
>>>& (±þ¤H¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w)
>>>=>¼Z­L¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w
>>>
>>>Above statement just contradict to the "assumption"
>>> "¼Z­L¬O¦X¥G¹D¼wªº" only
>>>
>>>§Ú¤£©ú¥Õ¤¤¶¡ÁÙ¦³¤°»ò implication
>>>(©Î³\¬O§Ú¤£¤ÓÀ´¤°»ò°ª¶¥ÅÞ¿è)
>>>
>>>¦³¤p¤p³¥·Qµoªí¤@¤U, ­øª¾¤j®a¹ï 'ÁI' ¦³¦h¤Ö»{ÃÑ,
>¦ý§Ú¬Ý
>>>'ÁI'²z¦P¾§®a ¦³¤@¦@³q¤§¦a¤è, ¥Øªº¬O¾É¤H¦Vµ½¦Ó¤w,
>>>¬G§Ú±q¤£¥Î"¦è¤è­õ¾Ç«ä¦Ò¤èªk" ¥h «ä¦Ò/§åµû "¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç",
>>>¬ÝÁI»¡/¾§¹D¤§®Ñ®É,
>>>§Ú¥u·|µÛ²´©ó"¥¦¦bÁ¿¤°»ò¡A¥¦·Q¥@¤H¾Ç¨ì¤°»ò¯u²z¡A¾Ç¨ì«á
>?>?>>À³¦p¦ó¥i¥H¥Î©ó¥­¤é¡A¥O¤Ñ¤U§ó¤j¦P"
>>>
>>>Remarks: ¥»¤H³£´XÃÙ¦P "¨C­Ó¤H¬Ý¨ìªºÁI³£¤£¤@¼Ë",
>>>©Ò¥H¾§®aªº¨S¹D²z¥i¯à´N¬O¨ä¹D²z©Ò¦b(³o´N¬O§Ú¥DÆ[¦a¬Ý¨ì
>?>?>>¹D²z)......¥H¤W¬O¥»¤H¤§·M¨£, »¡¤F¤]¤£ª¾¦b»¡¤°»ò
[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: Re: ¦^pad


Author:
³ßÅw«ä¦Òªº"ÀÙ¥Á"
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 10:48:24 03/16/07 Fri

¦³®É¶¡ªº¸Ü, ¤£¦pÚ»¤U©O¨ì, ¥i¯à·|¦³¦h¤@ÂI±Òµo

http://www.hkshp.org/duh/bas02.htm

µù: ³o½g¤å³¹¤w"¹w³]"¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç¤D¬O±´¨s¤H¥Í¯u¸qªº­õ¾Ç
[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Subject: Re: ¦^pad


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 13:45:28 03/18/07 Sun

§Ú§Ö³t¬Ý¤F´X¬Ý, ¬Ý¨Ó«Ü¦³½ì. ¥Ñ©ó®v©ÓÃö«Y, Ūªº¦h¬O­^»yªº½×¤å, ¨S¦³¾÷·|Ū¥xÆW, ¤j³°ªº°Q½×(¤]¨S¦³®É¶¡)

¥i±¤ªñ¤é­n»°²¦·~½×¤å. ¨S¦³®É¶¡¬Ý. §A¬Ý¹L¤F, ´N°^Äm¤@¤U, »¡¨ä­«ÂI, °Ñ¦Ò°Ñ¦Ò.

¦³®É¶¡ªº¸Ü, §Ú¥i¥H°^Äm¥X§Ú®vªù´N¤¤­õªº¹w³]ªº²z¸Ñ
[> [> [> Subject: Re: ¦^pad


Author:
Pad student
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 13:46:12 03/16/07 Fri

>¥H¤U¬O°²³]³¡¥÷
>­L¬O¤H,
>¬G¼Z­L¬O±þ¤H,
>±þ¤H¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w
>
>¥H¤U¬Oµ²½×³¡¥÷
>¼Z­L¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w.
>
>
>Ãö©ó¦p¦óµû¦ô¤@­ÓÃþ¤ñ¬O§_¦X©y, ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò³o­Ó.
> >href="http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/arg/analogy.php">h
>ttp://philosophy.hku.hk/think/arg/analogy.php

>
>§A¬O®v§Ì¶Ü, ¤£¥Î¤jÁ¾¨õ, «ù¥­´N¦æ¤F,
>¦pªG§Ú·Q±a¥X¤@Æ[ÂIªº¸Ü,§Ú¦³³d¥ô¬°¦Û¤vªº½×ÂI¸ÑÄÀ,
>¦Ó¤£¬O§A¦³³d¥ô¾Ç¹L§Ú©Ò¾Ç¹Lªº.

§Ú©ú¥Õ®v¥S·Q»¡¥X¤@­Ó¥Ù¬Þ©ÊªºÃö«Y
¦Ó§A©Ò³]ªº¨Ò¤l§Ú¤]¬Ý¹LÃþ¦üªº
§Ú¥u¬O·Q«ü¥X²Ä¤@ÂI¥i¯à¦³°²³]©Êªº¿ù»~
"¼Z­L¬O¦X¥G¹D¼wªº"

¥H¤U¬O°²³]³¡¥÷
>>­L¬O¤H,
>>¬G¼Z­L¬O±þ¤H,
>>±þ¤H¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w
>>
>>¥H¤U¬Oµ²½×³¡¥÷
>>¼Z­L¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w.

¥H§Ú¤p¶qªº»{ÃÑ
if a, then b
a
therefore b
³o¼Ë»¡·|§_²³æ¨Ç??

°²³]:
±þ¤H¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w
¼Z­L¬O±þ¤H
¼Z­L¬O¤£¦X¥G¹D¼w

ÁöµM·N«ä¤W¤@¼Ë
¦ý¬Ý¤W·|¤ñ¸û²³æ

§Ú¤£¬O¹ï®v¥Sªº²z½×·P°ÝÃD
¦Ó¬O¦b®v¥S´£¤Îªº¥Ù¬Þ©Ê¤¤·P¿³½ì
¦]¬°§Úı±o..ÅÞ¿è¾Ç¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î°²³]©Ê°ÝÃD
¦ý¦b©ó¹ï¥Ù¬Þ©Êªº«ä·Q¤W
§Úı±o§Q¥Î°²³]·|¥O«ä¦ÒªÌ¦³¿ù»~ªºµ²½×
[> [> [> [> Subject: Re: ¦^pad


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 01:24:19 03/19/07 Mon

§Ú¤£¤Ó©ú¥Õ, ¥i§_¦Aªí¹F¤@¦¸?
[> Subject: Re: "Àu´f"¾§®a, ¨ä¹ê¬O¦b½î½ñ¾§®a


Author:
OTL
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 23:26:47 03/14/07 Wed

>«Da §Yb
>¨Óªí¹F
>a ©ÎªÌ b. ªº.

>§Y¬O»¡, ÅÞ¿è¤W, ¥L­Ìºë²¤F, ¥Î¤Ö¤F¤@­Ónotion.

1.a ©ÎªÌ b (a or b)
E=a or b
E=[ab',a'b,ab,a'b'] (a'¥Nªínot a)

2.«Da §Yb (a' then b)
¦n©úÅã«Yif...then... °Õ¤j¨Ð =/

a or b,¨Ò¦p a true b true ËÝ a or b is true
¦Ó"«Da §Yb", a false ®É b ¤@©w­n«Ytrue
©Ò¥H"«Da §Yb"¦P"a or b" «Y§¹¥þ­ø¦P

¦ý«Y¦pªG§Adefine "«Da §Yb"="a or b"
ËÝ´N¤v¸g«Y¤@­Ó·s0¬Jnotion
ËÝ´N­ø«Y¤Ö¥Î¤@­Ónotion°Õ

>(À´¹q¸£ªº¤H¸Ü¤ñ§Úª¾¤@­Ó¹q¸£¥Î¨â­Ónotion´N¥i¥H¥]¬A®Í©Ò¦³notion.)
¨ä¹ê¹q¸£¥ÎNAND¤@­Ónotion´N¨¬°÷°µ«{©Ò¦³logic operation
[> [> Subject: ¥i¥HÁ¿¸Ñnand ¶Ü?


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 13:47:04 03/18/07 Sun

¥i¥HÁ¿¤@¤Unand¬O¤@­Ó¬Æ»ò¼Ëªºnotion, ¥i¥H¤@­Ónotion´N¯à±À¥X©Ò¦³¨ä¥Lªºnotion
[> [> [> Subject: Re: ¥i¥HÁ¿¸Ñnand ¶Ü?


Author:
À³¸Ó¦Ppure mathsªGd®t­ø¦h
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 15:24:18 03/18/07 Sun

>¥i¥HÁ¿¤@¤Unand¬O¤@­Ó¬Æ»ò¼Ëªºnotion,
>¥i¥H¤@­Ónotion´N¯à±À¥X©Ò¦³¨ä¥Lªºnotion
¹q¸£program logic ²Å¸¹,
À³¸Ó¦Ppure mathsªGd®t­ø¦h
[> [> [> Subject: Re: ¥i¥HÁ¿¸Ñnand ¶Ü?


Author:
T_T
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 17:54:37 03/18/07 Sun

So simple, nothing special.



[> [> [> [> Subject: Re: ¥i¥HÁ¿¸Ñnand ¶Ü?


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 01:27:55 03/19/07 Mon

­ÓªíÉNif...then, ¦P®I or, ¦P®I not ©O´X­Óoperators ¬J?

µLnot, ¦P if... then..., «Y­ø«Y¦]¬° if a, then not b?, ËÝor©O?
[> Subject: ¤¯ªÌ¨£¤¯


Author:
³¯°·¦¨
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 10:18:08 03/21/07 Wed

¡@¡@«e¨¥¡G±q«e¸g±`¨ì¤EÀÙ°óÂsÄý¡A¤]´¿¡u¦³©¯¡v¬°¤H«_¦W¯d¨¥¡A¬Gªí¥Ü¹L¦b¤EÀٰ󪺯d¨¥³£¥H¤å¨¥µoªí¡C°ß¤£´±§Ë©ò©óÅÇ®v¤§«e¡A¥[¤W­õ²z°Q½×©y¥Î²M´·ªº»y¨¥¡A¬G¦³Ãö³o½ÒÃDªºµo¨¥³£¥H¥Õ¸Ü¡C¡]¤j·§«Ü¤[¨S¼g½×¤å©M¤å¨¥¥H¥~ªº¤å¦r¡A¤U¤å¾î½Ý¬Ý¨Ó¤]¬O¤å¥Õ§¨Âø¡A¤@¯º¡I¡^

¡@¡@¤J¤j¾Ç«á«ÜÃi´k¡A«Ü¤Ö¨ì¤EÀÙ°ó¡A¤]«Ü¤Ö¦b³o½×¾Â¬Ý¨ì¾Ç³N°Q½×¡A¦p¤µ¬JµM®ðª^¼ö¯P¡A¬G¤]»¡¤W¨â¥y¡A±æ¦Ñ®v©M«T¯E¥S¦h¦h«ü¥¿¡C

¡@¡@°O±o¦b¥»¬ì°á¥Ø¿ý¾Ç©M®ÇÅ¥¡u¥j¥N¤åÄm¬ã¨s¤èªk¡vªº®É­Ô¡A·~®v´£¹L¤@­Ó«Ü¦³½ìªº·§©À¡G´N¬O©Ò¿×ªº¥ý¯³¤l®Ñ¡A¤]³\³£¬O¦U¾Ç¬£¦Û¤v½s¿èªº±Ð¬ì®Ñ¡CºJ¶}®Ñ¦¨²³¤â©M°°°Uªº°ÝÃD¡A³o¸Ì¥ý²³æ»{¬°¡A¦UºØ¤l®Ñ³£¬O¡u£A¤l¡v¥»¤H©Ò¼g§@¡C©s¤l¡A¡m¥v°O¡D©s¤l¯û­ë¦C¶Ç¡n¡G¡u°h¦Ó»P¸U³¹¤§®{§Ç¡m¸Ö¡n¡B¡m®Ñ¡n¡A­z¥ò¥§¤§·N¡A§@¡m©s¤l¡n¤C½g¡C¡v¦P®Ñ¡q¦Ñ¤lÁú«D¦C¶Ç¡r¡]©Î§@¡q¦Ñ²ø¥ÓÁú¦C¶Ç¡r¡^°Oªk®aÁú«D¡u´d·Gª½¤£®e©ó¨¸ªP¤§¦Ú¡AÆ[©¹ªÌ±o¥¢¤§ÅÜ¡A¬G§@¡m©t¼«¡n¡B¡m¤­Åû¡n¡B¡m¤º¥~Àx¡n¡B¡m»¡ªL¡n¡B¡m»¡Ãø¡n¤Q¾l¸U¨¥¡C¡v¤S°O²ø©P¡u§@¡mº®¤÷¡n¡B¡mµsÛô¡n¡B¡mÐXæ×¡n¡A¥H¶CàI¤Õ¤l¤§®{¡A¥H©ú¦Ñ¤l¤§³N¡C¡m¬È²Öµê¡n¡B¡m¤®®á¤l¡n¤§ÄÝ¡A¬ÒªÅ»yµL¨Æ¹ê¡C¡v

¡@¡@½Ñ¤lµÛ®Ñ¥ß»¡¡AµLºÃ¬O¬°¤F«Å´­¦Û¤vªº¾Ç»¡¡A¦Ó¥L­Ì³B¨­¡u¦Ê®aª§»ï¡vªº¾Ç³NÀô¹Ò¡A³æ³æ¼Ðº]¦Û¨­¾Ç»¡ªºÀu¶V¹ê¥¼¥²¯à°Ê¤H¦Õ¥Ø¡A¬G©Î¦h©Î¤Ö­n³z¹L«ä·Q¶¡ªº¡u¤¬°Ê¡v¡A¥h§§¤j¤v»¡¡C³o¨Ç¡u¤¬°Ê¡v¥i¥H¬O¦P®Éªº¡A¦p©Ò¿×¡u½^¤U¾Ç®c¡vªº¤@ºØîPµÑ¾Ç¤Hªº³õ­±¡F¥i¥H¬O¤£¦P®Éªº¡A¦p¾¥®a¤§«D¤Õ¡F¤S©Î¬O¦Pªù²§¤á¡A¦p¯û¤§¶C©s¡A§ó¥i¥H¬O²§¦±¦P¤u¡A¦p¡mÁú«D¤l¡nªº¸Ñ¦Ñ³ë¦Ñ¡C°£«o²§¦±¦P¤u¡A³oºØ¤£¦P¾Ç¬£¦³µÛ¬Û¦ü¬Ýªkªº±¡ªp¥~¡A³Ì¦hªº¬O¾Ç¬£¤§¶¡ªº¤¬¬Û§ðÀ»¡C»é­Ë¤F¹ï¤è¡A¦Û¨­¾Ç»¡¤è¯à¡u¥X¦ì¡v¡A¤è¥i¦¨¬°¡uÅã¾Ç¡v¡C

¡@¡@¨º»ò¡A½Ñ¤l®Ñ©Î¦h©Î¤Ö´N¦³µÛ¤@ºØ±Ð¤HÅG½×¡A¾É¤HÅG½×ªº¥\¥Î¡C¦]¬°¬ð¥X¤v®a¾Ç»¡»Ý­nÅG½×¡A¤]´N¬O¡m©s¤l¡n©Ò¿×ªº¡u¤©°Z¦nÅG«v¡H¤©¤£±o¤w¤]¡v¡F¦Ó¬°¤FÅG½×¡A¤]¬°¤F±Ð¾Éªù®{¡A©Ò¥HµÛ®Ñ¡C³o´N¥i¥H¹w¨£¡A¥L­Ìªº®Ñ¤¤¥u·|¦³µÛ¤v®a¾Ç¬£¤j³Óªº³õ­±¡C¡m¾Ô°êµ¦¡nĬ¯³»¡¦X±q¡AÁ¿±o¦p¦ó¦p¦ó°ÊÅ¥¡A³Ì«á½Ñ«J³q±`¤ß®®¸ÛªA¡A§Y¬°¨å«¬¡C¡]¥i°ÑÁ[¤å»·¡m¾Ô°êµ¦¦Ò¿ë¡n¡A¤S«ö¡G¤W¥@¬öªì°¨§B¼Ö¦ü¥ç´£¹L¬Û¦üªº¬Ýªk¡^¡C

¡@¡@¡m©s¤l¡nªº©Ò¿×ÅG½×¡A¤j·§¤]¥¿¬O¦p¦¹¡C®Ñ¤¤±ç´f¤ý¡B»ô«Å¤ý·|¤@¦¸¤S¤@¦¸¡A´£¥X¦Û¤vªºÆ[ÂI¡A»¡±o³q«U¤@ÂI¡A´N¬O¡u­Ú¦ì§A¤J¡v¡AÅý©s¤l§ðÀ»¦Û¤v¡A»¡»¡¥L¡u¦Ê¯a¤§¦v¡vµ¥ªº©s¤l°ò¥»ªk¡A³Ì«á¤ý«h·|ªí¥Ü¡uÄ@¦w©Ó±Ð¡v¡C¡m²ø¤l¡n©Ò¿×¡uª¾³½¤§¼Ö¡v¥ç¥¼¹Á¤£¦p¬O¡C¦ý³o»P¥¿±`ªºÅG½×±¡ªp¬Û¤ñ¡A¦ü¥G¤j¦³¤£¦P¡C

¡@¡@§åµû¡m½×»y¡n¡B¡m©s¤l¡nªº²z½×¦p¦ó¥Ù¬Þ¡A¤j·§±Æ¶¤¤]¨Ó¤£¤Î¡A¤wµ¹«e¤H»¡¹M¤F¡C´£¥X¤W¤åªºÆ[ÂI¡A«h¦b©ó·Q»¡©ú¥ý¯³½Ñ¤l®Ñ¦b¼g§@ªº°Ê¾÷¤W¡A¤]³\¦³¤@ºØª`©w®Ñ¤¤¥»¾Ç¬£Æ[ÂI³\³Ó¤£³\±Ñªº«e³]¡C§Ú­Ì¤£¥i¯à·Q¹³¡m©s¤l¡n®Ñ¤¤¡A·|¥X²{¤@¬q©s¤l³Q»é­Ëªº»¡¸Ü¡]³oùؤ£¥Î¡u°O¸ü¡v¡A¬O¶É¦V©ó¤l®Ñ¦h¬O¡u¼g§@¡v¡A¦Ó«D¹ê¿ý¡^¡A¬Æ¦Ü©s¤l¤£¥²³Q»é­Ë¡A¥u­n±ç´f¤ýªí¥Ü¥X¡u§Ú­ø§ï¡A§j«§¡H¡vªººA«×¡A©s¤l¾Ç»¡ªº»{¨ü©Ê¤]±N¤@¸¨¤d¤V¡C

¡@¡@©ó¬O¬°¤FºûÅ@¦Û¤v¾Ç¬£¡A¬°¤F±Ð¾Éªù®{¡A®Ñ¤¤¡u±jÃã¹Ü²z¡v¦ÓÅG³Ó¡A¤£¤@³e¡B¬Æ¦Ü¥X²{¬Û®¯©M¡u¯îÂÕ¡vªº±¡ªp¤]´N¦b©ÒÃø§K¡C¤@¨Ç³Q·~®vÀ¸ºÙ¡u»y¨¥¼É¤O¡vªº±¡ªp¡A¤@½ü©C»¡¡uµLÃãÅý¤§¤ß«D¤H¤]¡vµ¥µ¥ªº¥y¤l¤]´N±Æ¤s­Ë®üªº¥X²{¡A§Î¦¨¡m©s¤l¡n¤å³¹ªº®ð¶Õ¡C

¡@¡@·íµM°£¤F§@¬°¾Ç¬£ªºÅG½×±Ð¬ì®Ñ¥~¡A¹ï³o¨Ç®¯½×©Î²z½×¤£¤@³e±¡ªp¡A¤]¦³µÛ®Ñ¦¨²³¤â¡A°°°U©M¡u¿ù²¡vªº¦]¯À¡C³o¬Û«HÅÇ®v©M«T¯E¥S³£«D±`²M·¡¡A¤£ÂØ¡C

¡@¡@¬Ý¨ì¥Ø«e¬°¤îªº°Q½×¡A§Ú·Q¡A«T¯E¥Sªº·N«ä¬O¡A©s¤l»¡¡u·¨¾¥¤§¹D¤£®§¡A¤Õ¤l¤§¹D¤£µÛ¡v¡A¤¤¶¡¯Ê¥F¤F¬°¤°»ò¡u·¨¾¥¤§¹D¤£®§¡v¡A´N·|¡u¤Õ¤l¤§¹D¤£µÛ¡vªº½×ÃÒ©M²z¾Ú§a¡C¦Ó¯Ê¥F³o¨Ç½×ÃÒ©M²z¾Ú¡A«h¤£¯àªí¥Ü¥X³o¨Ç©RÃD©Î¡u±À½×¡v¤§¯à¦¨¥ß¡F³o¨Ç©RÃD©Î¡u±À½×¡v¤]´N¦³µÛ¡u¼²±m¡vªº¦]¯À¡C©s¤lªº²z½×¨Ã¤£ÄYÂԦӨϤH«HªA¡A¤]´N¼vÅTµÛ¨ä¡u»ù­È¡v¡C

¡@¡@«T¯E¥S¬O§_·Q«ü¥X¡A¦pªG©¿µø®Ñ¤¤²z½×ªº¥Ù¬Þ³B¡A©Î±j¬°¤§»¡¡AÂk¦]©ó¤¤°ê¤Hªº«äºû¯S²§¡A«h§ã±þ¤F¤@­Ó²z½×ªº´¶¥@»ù­È¡H§Y©Ò¿×ªº¡u"Àu´f"¾§®a, ¨ä¹ê¬O¦b½î½ñ¾§®a¡v¡C±q­õ¾Ç«ä¿ëªº¥ß³õ¥Xµo¡A©T¬O¡C¦Ü©ó¦pªG©Ó»{½Ñ¤l®Ñ¤¤¦³µÛ¥²µMªº¥Ù¬Þ±¡ªp¡A«h«ç¼Ë¬Ý«Ý©M¸ÑŪ³o¨Ç¥Ù¬Þ¡B¤°»ò¬O¦³¡]¨S¡^»ù­È¡B¤S©Î¬O¦b¤°»ò±¡ªp©Î¥ß³õ¤U¦³¡]¨S¡^»ù­È¡A´N¬O¨£¤¯¨£´¼¤F¡C¡]¤£¹L¡A°ÝÃDªºÀª§¼¤§³B¡A¤]³\´N¦b©ó½Ñ¤l®ÑÁöµM¤£¬OÄYÂÔªº­õ¾ÇµÛ§@¡A¦ý§Ú­Ì¦Ò¹î½Ñ¤lªº²z½×¤S¤£¯à¸õ¹L¥¦­Ì¡C¥Î­Ó¤£¤j«ê·íªº¤ñ³ë¡A´N¹³¨S¦³¡m¤T°ê§Ó¡n¦Ó®³µÛ¡m¤T°êºt¸q¡n°Q½×¤T°ê¾ú¥v¡C¡^

¡@¡@¥ý¯³½Ñ¤lªº«ä·Q©M¤åÄm¤£¬O§Úªº¾Ç³N¿³½ì©M±Mªø¡A¦b³o¸Ì»¡¤W¨â¥y¡AŧÅÇ®v¤§¨¥¡A¤]¥u¬O§Æ±æ¹ªÀy¾Ç³N°Q½×®ðª^¦Ó¤w¡C§Æ±æ³ßÅw°ê¾ÇªºªB¤Í¿ãÅDµo¨¥¡C
[> [> Subject: Re: ¤¯ªÌ¨£¤¯


Author:
½²«T¯E
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 16:32:17 03/22/07 Thu


¤Þ:
«ç¼Ë¬Ý«Ý©M¸ÑŪ³o¨Ç¥Ù¬Þ¡B¤°»ò¬O¦³¡]¨S¡^»ù­È¡B¤S©Î¬O¦b¤°»ò±¡ªp©Î¥ß³õ¤U¦³¡]¨S¡^»ù­È¡A´N¬O¨£¤¯¨£´¼¤F¡C

---> ³o¬O»ù­È¬Û¹ï¥D¸q, §Ú»{¬°"»ù­È", ¬O¥i¥H³q¹L«ä¦Ò¬ã¨s, §ä¥X¤@¦X²zªºµª®×ªº.

¤Þ:
¤]³\´N¦b©ó½Ñ¤l®ÑÁöµM¤£¬OÄYÂÔªº­õ¾ÇµÛ§@¡A¦ý§Ú­Ì¦Ò¹î½Ñ¤lªº²z½×¤S¤£¯à¸õ¹L¥¦­Ì.
--->¦b°Q½×¬Y¤@¤èªk¾Ç¤U, Ū½×»yªºµ²½×®É, ¬J¤£¯à¸õ¹L½×»y, ¦ý¤S¤£¯à¥u¤Þ¤@¨â¥y½×»y, ¥¿¬O§Ú­±¹ï¤½¥J¨ÐªºÃø³B
---> «Ü¦h¨ä¥LµÛ§@¤]¤ñ½×»yÄYÂÔªº.

¥t¥~, ¬°¤F»é­Ë¹ï¤è¦Ó¬G·NÁ¿¤@­Ó"stupid version", ¨ä¹ê¬O¤£¤Ó­t³d¥ô, ¥ç¨S¦³¥O¦Û¤vªº¾Ç»¡Åܱo§óÁo©úªº.

¦b¾Ç¬É, °µªº¬O¬Û¤Ï. ¥ý§â¹ï¤è¸ÑŪ±o³Ì¦X²z, ¦Ó¦A«ü¥X°ÝÃD©Ò¦b, ³o¤è¬O¨D¯uªº¥¿½TºA«×
[> [> [> Subject: ¦h¤@ÂI»{ÃÑ


Author:
³ßÅw«ä¦Òªº ' ÀÙ¥Á '
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 00:01:09 03/25/07 Sun

¤¤°ê­õ¾Ç²¥v


http://www.ebaomonthly.com/window/liter/philch/philch_cont.htm
[> Subject: ¤EÀÙ°óªGµM¤H¤~½ú¥X...........


Author:
§A¦ô¤U¥ý?
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 14:33:10 04/24/07 Tue

¤£ª¾¤£Ä±,¯uªº¤S¹L¤F¤T¦~¤F,¦b¦¹¥ý¦V¤½¥J¨Ð¤Î¶i¨B¥S°Ý­Ó¦n¡C

¬K¬î®É´Á,¦Ê®aª§»ï,¨C¤@®a§¡¦³¥Nªí¤Hª«,¦Ó¨C¤@®a§¡¦³©Ò¿×ªº¤j®v¡C¤p§Ì·M¬N,§Ú»{¬°¾§®aªº¤j®v¥s§g¤l,¾¥®aªº¤j®v¥s¹d¤l,¦W®aªº¤j®v¥sÅG¤h;¦Ü©óªk®a©M¹D®a,¤j·§³£¬O¨S¦³¤j®v,³oÂI®e«á¦A½×¡C

²@µLºÃ°Ý,¼vÅT¤¤µØ¥Á±Ú«ä·Q³Ì²`ªº,¤@©w¬O¾§®a«ä·Q¡C¾§®a´£­Ò©¾¡B§µ¡B¤¯¡B¸q,³o¨Ç«ä·Q©Î³\¬O¾§®a«ä·Qªº¤¤¤ß«ä·Q,¦ý§Ú¥²¶·±j½Õªº¬O,§Y¨Ï¨S¦³¤Õ©s¤§»¡,³o¨Ç«ä·Q©M¦æ¬°¬O§_´N·|¤£¦s¦b©O?¨Ó¨ì¥~°ê,¨Ã¨S¦³µo²{¥~°ê¤H³£¬O¤£À´©¾¡B§µ¡B¤¯¡B¸qªº¦i¨f,Ãø¹D¥L­Ì¤]¦³¼ôŪ¥|®Ñ¤­¸g¡B¤Õ©s¤§¹D¡B¤§¥GªÌ¤]¶Ü?¨S¦³¤F¾§®a«ä·Q,¥@¬ÉÁÙ¬O·|¦³©¾¡B§µ¡B¤¯¡B¸qªº,¾§®a«ä·Q¤j·§¥u¬O¤@ºØ¤HÃþ¦æ¬°ªº¶°¦XªÌ¡C

¾§®a­Ò¾Éªº«ä·Q¦æ¬°,´N¬O±Ð¤H¦p¦ó°µ¤@­Ó¤H,©Ò¥H´N·|¦³¡y­×¨­»ô®aªv°ê¥­¤Ñ¤U¡zªº±Ð°V¡C¨Ì§Ú¬Ý¨Ó,³o¥y¸Ü¤j·§¥u¬O¤f¸¹¦Ó¤w,¥j©¹¤µ¨Ó,¦³¬Æ»ò¥­¤Ñ¤Uªº¤H¬O¥ý­×¨­»ô®aªº©O?®e§Ú³±¿Ñ½×ªº»¡,³o¥y¸Üªº©¶¥~¤§­µ¬O,¯à±o¤Ñ¤Uªº¤H,¥u¦³¼ô²ß¾§®a¸g¨åªº¸t¤H¡C¥ç«ÜÅãµM,»¡³o¸Üªº¤H,µ´¹ï¥­¤£¤F¤Ñ¤U¡C

­YµM­n¥­¤Ñ¤U,¥²¥ý­nªv°ê;­n»ô®a,¥²¥ý­n­×¨­ªº¸Ü,¨º»ò¥­¤Ñ¤Uªº¤H¥²¥ý­n¹F¨ì¾§®a©Ò­n¨Dªº­×¨­,´«¥y¸Ü»¡,¯à¥­¤Ñ¤Uªº¤H,´N¥²©w¤w¬O­×¨­¤§¤H¡C¦p¦¹»¡¨Ó,¥»¬OµL¿à¦aµl,¤@¨­¬yª]®ðªºº~°ª¯ª¼B¨¹©M¥X¨­³h´H,·R²q§Ò¥\¦Úªº©ú¤Ó¯ª¦¶¤¸¼ý¤j·§¤]¥i¥Hºâ¬O­×¨­ªº¥Nªí§a¡C§Úª¾¹D³o¼Ëªº»¡ªk,¨ä¹ê¯uªº±jµü¹Ü²z©M¤£­t³d¥ô,¥i¬O³s§Ú¤@­Ó³o¼Ë¤ÖŪ´X¦~¸t½å®Ñªº¤H©|¥B¦p¦¹¥h·Q,§ó¦óªp¤@¨Ç¥Ø¤£ÃѤBªº³c¤Ò¨«¨ò©O?

³Ìªñ§Ú¤W¥îµØªº®Õºô,¬Ý¤F´X½g¤½¥J¨Ðªº¦­·|Á¿Ãã,·Pı´N¦ü¦^¨ì¥H«eªº¤å¾Ç½Ò¤Î¤½¥Á±Ð¨|½Ò,¨ì¤µ¤Ñ¤´¬OÅý¤p§Ì¨ü¥ÎµL½a¡C¾¨µM¤½¥J¨Ð¦h¥H¸t¸g±Ð°V¬°¨å,¦ý±q¦r¸Ì¦æ¶¡¤´¥i¥H¿s±´¥X¾§¬£­·­S¡C¹ï©ó¾§®a,§Ú¬O¬J¤£±À±R,¥ç¤£§Ü©Ú,©Î³\¦³¤Hı±o¾§®a±`±`¦Û¬Û¥Ù¬Þ,¦Ó¥B©T°õ©ëªd,¨±»G¹L®É,¦ý³o¨Ã«D¯u¥¿ªº¾§®a¡C¥H«e¦]¬°¤½¥J¨Ðªº½t¬G,¶}©l±µÄ²´ú¦r,³o´X¦~·Uµo¨I°gªF¤è®Ò¤§´ú¦r³N,´N¥BÅý§Ú­J§è¨â¥y¡C

¾§¦r,¨ä¹ê©MÀ¶®zªº¡yÀ¶¡z¦r¤Q¤À¬Û¦ü,±q²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤¤¤]¤£Ãø¬Ý¨£,¼ôŪ¸g¨åªº¾§¥Í¦h¼Æ³£¯Ê¤F¤@¥÷¾á·í,¨S¦³¤@¥÷¡y±Ë±o¤@¨­Ôl,´±±o¬Ó«Ò©Ô¤U°¨¡zªº¶Æ®ð,¥ç¦]¬°³o­Ó¦r,¦¨¬°¤F¤¤°ê¤H¥£©ÊªºÏEÂê¡C¤£¹L,³o¥u¬O¤H­Ì¿ù»~»{ÃѪº¡y¾§¡z,¯u¥¿ªº¡y¾§¡z¬O¥H¤H¬°¥»,¨Ã«D¥u·Q¤£°µ;¯u¥¿ªº¡y¾§¡zÀ³¸Ó¬O¡y¤H¡z¡y»Ý¡z,¬O¨C­Ó¤H³£»Ý­n°µ¨ìªº¡C¾§®a«ä·Q¤§©Ò¥H³Q»~¸Ñ,°ÝÃD´N¥X¦b³o­Ó¡y»Ý¡z¦r¤§¤W,¤@¨Ç»~¤Jª[³~ªº¾§¾Ç¤j®v,¤]´N¬O§g¤l,´N¿ù§â¡y¶·¡z¦r§@¡y»Ý¡z¦r¡C¥¿½Tªº¾§®a«ä·Q¬O¨C­Ó¤H»Ý­n°µ¨ì¬Æ»ò©M»Ý­n¨Ç¬Æ»ò,´N¬Odemand for¦Pask for;¦ý¿ù»~©Î¥t¦³©Ò¹Ïªº¾§®a«ä·Q´N¬O°Ç¥O¨C­Ó¤H­n°µ¨ì¬Æ»ò,´N¬Omust to do¡C¹ï©ó«áªÌ,´N¬O§Ú­Ì©Ò»{¬°ªºªk®a,¦ý²{¹ê¤W,ªk®a°ò¥»¤W´N¥´µÛ¾§®aªº¦W¸¹¥h±±¨î¤H¥Á,ªk®aªº¤j®v¥Ñ§g¤lÅܬ°§g¥D,©ÎªÌ¥i¥H¥s§@·íÅvªÌ¡C

§Ú­Ó¤H»{¬°¤½¥J¨Ðºâ¬O¥¿©vªº¾§®a,¼È¥B§â¤½¥J¨Ð·í§@¬O¾§®aªº¥Nªí¡C¦Ü©ó¶i¨B¥S,«h¤£§«³]·Q¬°­õ¾Ç«ä·Q¬£ªº¦W®a,­Y¤£¤¶·N¤p§Ì´¡¬ì°ªÃkªº¸Ü,´N®e§Ú¦ÛàH¬°¹D®aªº¥Nªí(­è¦n§Ú¤S¬O©m§ùªº)¡C°·¦¨¾Ç¥S¾ÇÃѲW³Õ,¯uª¾¨`¨£,¹ê¥O¤p§Ì¦½ÃC,¦ý»¡¨ì²ø©P¬°«Å¦Ñ¤l¾Ç»¡¦Ó¶C¯w¤Õ©s¤§®{,³o­Ó­Ë¤£´±­e¦P¡C

¥ý»¡¦Ñ¤l¤Î²ø¤lÁö¦P¬°¹D®a,¨ä¹ê¨âªÌ¤§·N¨ä¹ê¤j¤£¬Û¦P,¦Ñ¤l»¡ªº¬Fªv,²ø¤l»¡ªº«o¬O³p»»¡C¦Ñ¤lªí­±µL¬°,¹ê¬°¬X®z³±¿Ñ¤§­p,¦Ó²ø¤l«o¹ê¹ê¦b¦bªº»¡©ñ¶}¤@¤Á,³p»»¤Ñ¤U¡C½¬Ý<²ø¤l>,¥u¦³¤º½g¬O¥X¦Û²ø©P¤§¤â,²ø©PÅx²æ³p»»,¥L¤]»{¦P¤Õ¤l¾§®a¸t¤H¤§¦W,¦ó¬G¥L«o°¾°¾Á@¤£°_¤Õ¤lªº§Ì¤l©O?§Ú»{¬°­ì¦]µL¥L,²ø©P¥»¨Ó¤]¬O¾§®a¤§¤¤,¥L¥R¤Àµo®i´M¨D¤H»Ý­n¨Ç¬Æ»ò,¥L¤£Â_¦b«ä¦Ò¤HÀ³¸Ó­n°µ¬Æ»ò;¦ý¬O©M¥L¦b¦P®É¥Nªº¤H,«oª¼¥Øªº§â¾§®a±À¦V¤H¥²¶·­n°µ¬Æ»òªº¸ô¤W¡C©Ò¿×ªº¾§®a¤j®v¹ý©³¦a§â¾§®a«ä·Q·í¬O¾ÞÁa¤H¥Áªº¤u¨ã,¤ß¦Ç·NÃiªº²ø¤l¥u¦n­É¦Ñ¤l¤§¦W,Ä­ÂÃ¥L¨º³p»»,¹ê¦bªº¾§®a«ä·Q¡C

¸ò©s¤l¤@¼Ë,²ø¤l¨ä¹ê¤]¾Õ©óÅGÃÒ,¥ç«Ü·R¥Î¤ñ³ë,¥ç¦]¦¹½t¬G,±`±`¥O§Úı±o,©s¶a©M²ø©P¨ì©³¬O¤£¬O¦Pªù©O?¦A¨Ó»¡»¡¦W®aªº¥Nªí,´f¬I©M¤½®]Às³£¬Oªø©ó«ä¦Òªº¤H,¬O­õ¾Ç¬£ªº©l¯ª,¦ýÂk®Ú¨ì©³,¥L­Ìªº¾Ç»¡¨ì©³¬O­þ¤@ºØ«ä·Q©O?§Ú»{¬°,¥L­Ì¤]¬O¥Ñ¾§®a¤¤¤À³Î¥X¨Óªº,¥L­Ì¤j·§ºâ¬O¾§®a¤¤ªº·¥ºÝ¼f§P¥÷¤l¡C¦W®a«ä·Q®a±`±`·|¦b¸g¨å¤¤©M¥Í¬¡¤¤§ä´MºÃÂI¥h¤ÀªR©M§å§P¡C¡y¥Õ°¨«D°¨¡z©M¡yÂû¦³¤T¨¬¡z³£¬O¦W®a­õ¾Çªº«ä·Q,¥L­Ì¹ï¤£²z¸Ñ©M¤£¥¿½Tªº¨Æ¥h¤ÀªR©M§å§P,³o¤]¬O¡y¤H¡z¡y»Ý¡z,©Ò¿×¦n©_¤ß¨ä¹ê¤]¤£¹L¦p¦¹¡C

§ó¶i¤@¨BÅã¥Ü¦W®a¹ïª¾©Êªº°õµÛ,¥i¥H±qª¾³½¤§¼Ö¤¤¬Ý¥X,·í²ø¤l»¡¤ô¤¤ªº³½¯u¬O§Ö¼Öªº®É­Ô,´f¬I´N½è°Ý²ø¤l¦p¦ó±oª¾,¥L©úª¾¹D²ø¤l³o¥y¸Ü¥u¬O²æ¤f¦Ó¥X,¦ý¥L¤£©ú¥Õ¬°¦ó¤H¥i¥H§P§O³½¬O¶}¤ß©ÎªÌ¤£¶}¤ß©O?·í¦W®a¥Nªí´f¬I¸I¨ì³o­Ó¥L§¹¥þ¤£¥i²z¸Ñªº»¡¸Ü¬O,¥L´N·|¤£Â_½è°Ý©M°Q½×,·Q·íµM,³o¨Ç°õµÛ,¦ÛµM¤]³Q¤w§¹¥þ¨«¤Wª[³~,¤@¤ß¥u·QµÛ¤H¥²¶·­n°µ¬Æ»òªº¾§®a¤j®v­Ì©Ò´¬±ó±Æ¥¸¡C

¬JµM¾§®aªº¤H¥i¥H¦¨¬°¦W®a©M¹D®aªº«ä·QªÌ,¨º»ò¾§®a¤§¤¤,Ãø¹D´N¤£¯à¦³¼ç§t¥t¤@ºØ«ä·Qªº¾§¾Ç¤j®v¶Ü?­Y«D¦b¾§®a¤¤¦­¦³¼ç§tÄ­¾i,¤S«ç·|¥X±o¤F¤@­Óªk®aÁú«D¤l©O?

ªø½g¤j½×¤§«á,²×©ó­n¦^À³¤@¤U¶i¨B¥Sªº¥DÃD¤F¡C¾§±Ð«ä·Q¥»¨Ó´N¤£¬O¤@­Ó¤H¥i¥HÁ`¬Aªº,¦­¦b¤Õ¤l¤§«e,´N¦³©P¤½¨î§³]¼Ö;¦b¤Õ¤l¤§«á,ªñ¦³¦Ê®aª§»ï,»·¦³§º©ú²z¾Ç,«ä·Q¥Ù¬Þ¦Û¬O¦b©ÒÃø§K§a¡C§Ú¬Û«H¤£¤Ö¤H³£¦³Å¥¹L¦Û¬Û¥Ù¬Þªº¬G¨Æ,¬Û«H¨C­Ó¤H³£¦³¤£¦Pªº·P·Q,¦ý¥O§Ú¤Ï«äªº¬O,¬O§_¦]¬°¨º­Ó¤Hªº§j¼N©M¦Û¬Û¥Ù¬Þ´N§_©w¤F¨º¥Ùªº¾U§Q©M¬Þªº°í©T©O?¤×¨ä¦b²{¤µªºªÀ·|,¦³¯à¤Oªº¤H¤£¨£±o´N¤£§j¼N,¤£¥]¸Ë,ù³e¤¤µ§¤U¡y¤TÅU¯óĪ¡zªº¬G¨Æ¤£¤]¥¿¬O¦p¦¹¶Ü?

«ä·Q¤£¬O¤@ºØ¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì©M¤£ÅܪºªF¦è,¬Û¤Ï,¥L¬O¤@ºØÅܤ۪º¼é¬y¡C¦Û¬Û¥Ù¬Þªº¤£¬O«ä·Q¥»¨­,¦Ó¬O©P³òÀô¹Ò©M¼é¬yªºÅܤơC¾§®a«ä·Q¬O¤@ºØ«ä·Qªº°ò¥»·§©À,´N¹³¬O¤@­Ó¥j¦Ñªº¿ìªk,§A¤£¬O­n¥h¨Ï¥Î¥¦,¦ý·Q­n¦b¤@­Ó¥¿½Tªº·§©À¤U¶i¤Æ¥X¤@­Ó§ó¶i¨Bªº¤èªk¡C


[ Contact Forum Admin ]


Forum timezone: GMT+7
VF Version: 3.00b, ConfDB:
Before posting please read our privacy policy.
VoyForums(tm) is a Free Service from Voyager Info-Systems.
Copyright © 1998-2019 Voyager Info-Systems. All Rights Reserved.