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Adolescent Psychology Applied to Education

Subject: Parental Involvement


Author:
Christina V. Watkins
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Date Posted: 11:13:07 03/30/08 Sun

I found the information on parental involvement in chapter 10 interesting. Particularly the information outlined by Joyce Epstein on how to increase parental involvement in adolescents' schooling. While the book only outlines four strategies, Epstein actually developed six. The two that stood out to me the most were parenting and communication. Parenting refers to providing a home environment where children can effectively be students. This means providing health and nutrition, and having an appropriate learning environment. Communication refers to having successful means of transmitting messages to and from school and vice versa. This supports teacher-parent interaction.

This information was especially important to me because it seems that parental involvement becomes less and less as a student progresses through school. Teachers know that it is difficult to reach a child if there is little to no support from home. The tactics that Epstein outlined are easy to follow and have that "duh" factor. The next step is implementing them.
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Subject: The Boy Code and Masculine Ideology


Author:
Carolyn Brown
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Date Posted: 11:47:46 03/30/08 Sun

I selected my Unit 8 Reflection Question 7 because of a discussion we had in class about how adolescent males behave in school with bullying and other aggressive behaviors. I come from a predominantly boy family, have all sons, and one grandson, so I figured I knew something about boys. Two researchers, William S. Pollack and Joseph H. Pleck, studied issues of masculinity that affect adolescent males, the boy code, the behavior expectations, and masculine ideology, the societal norms and interactions required of males. Boys are taught a code from infancy to shake it off; to talk, walk, dress, and act certain ways; to avoid crying behind mama’s apron strings; to play with male toys; and to engage in male oriented activities. In traditional society, men should be strong, virile, in control, aggressive, and competitive. They should not cry, show emotion or weakness, be sissified, or reveal pain, but in sub-cultures of the main culture, variations of the masculine ideology might readily accept other features, such as musical, artistic, or feminine traits or responsibilities. The masculine ideology is shaped by specific cultural contexts, so black boys in New Orleans’ French Quarter and Hispanic boys in Memphis’ Raleigh-Egypt region internalize different standards of acceptable male behavior.Pleck was concerned about the conflict that existed between what society expected of males and what an individual male personally expected of and for himself. Male behavioral issues, such as abuse, risky sexual behavior, educational difficulties, and legal difficulties were more prevalent among adolescent males who rated high in this traditional masculine ideology. Young black males in Memphis’ Raleigh-Egypt region shun feminine responsibilities and attributes, resist admitting what they do not know, and embrace an aggressive sexual posture.
Boys learn what is acceptable of them by the time they reach middle school, a time when critical biological, emotional, and social changes also occur. Peer pressures, physical comparisons of body image, personal fable, bullying, and teasing reinforce the lessons of the boy code.
The masculine mask that Pollack studied as the boy code and the internalized male socialization processes that Pleck examined as the masculine ideology have negative impacts for the full emotional development of male adolescents. Both Pollack and Pleck are alarmed by the negative impacts and failings of the accepted way we teach boys to be boys and men to be men.
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Subject: Divorce and adolescent development


Author:
Kendall
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Date Posted: 21:55:10 03/23/08 Sun

I was very interested in the section on divorce in chapter 9. It brought back a lot of memories of my parents divorce. My parents got divorced when I was two years old, remaried when I was eleven and divorced again when I was sixteen. While I obviously don't remember the first divorce I do remember the second one. It seemed somewhat normal to me at the time because I had been use to my parents splitting up from time to time. But in reading about the adjustment problems that adolescents have after a divorce I started noticing some of those things in my life. My junior and senior year of high school were my worst academically, I skipped school a lot, was late almost every day, barely passed the classes I had to have and purposely failed the ones I new I didn't need. I had always attributed this behavior to adolescents in general as well as other things such as the new freedom of having a car and emotional issues with the death of my brother a year earlier. While all of those things obviously contributed to my behavior after reading this chapter I can see how my parents divorce had a greater effect on me than I had originally thought.
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Subject: Successful Middle Schools


Author:
Danielle Murphy
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Date Posted: 12:45:51 03/29/08 Sat

I found the points on how to make a middle school successful to be interesting. Although I do not teach, with my current graduate assistantship I spend a lot of time observing in middle and high school classrooms. This has given me the opportunity to visit a variety of middle schools in MCS and Nashville. The book pointed out that developing smaller communities within large schools can help lessen the impersonal nature that goes along with big schools. I have noticed that middle schools that are setup to have teams or separate wings often seem to run smoother and teachers have stronger rapport with students (I'm sure various other factors play a part, too). Splitting grades up into teams that rotate for core classes among a small group of teachers seems to allow students to have clearly defined expectations and a more structured routine each day. Teachers know exactly how each student is doing in each class because four or five teachers rotate the same group of students each day. This always allows middle schoolers to transition from elementary to high school more smoothly. Instead of going from having one teacher all day with the same group of classmates to having a different teacher for every subject and different classmates each period, students are able to build relationships with their classmates while still experiencing the concept of changing classes. Team teaching also helps to connect the subjects instead of having rigid, disconnected curriculum in each class. The school I have been in that employ these concepts seem to have more structure and have time and support to do less direct instruction and while trying out other instructional techniques.
Subject: reflections from class


Author:
Patrick Frett
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Date Posted: 19:36:17 03/16/08 Sun

I enjoyed both the Friday and Saturday classes. I really think our class has good chemistry and we are able to have really thoughtfull and insightful conversations. I have been thinking about how there is a difference between saying gay or the N word. I think I would have done the same thing as Jaclyn. Even using the correct context I would of only said gay and not the N word. I think this is based on how I was raised. I have been raised that I should never say the N word no matter what. No matter what the context, I don't feel comfortable using that word. Yet another event I have been reflecting on is teens and the rap culture. I am a big believer in freedom of speech and expression. I don't think we can tell music artists what and what not they can sing about. But, we need to find a way for our youth to realize that living the rap lifestyle imitates fantasy more then reality. I am not sure how we can do this and perhaps there is nothing to be done. If it is a phase, then perhaps it is a valuable developmental experience. But then again, probably not.
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Subject: Parenting Styles


Author:
Patrick Frett
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Date Posted: 17:27:01 03/23/08 Sun

I found the section on parenting styles in chapter 9 to be quite interesting. In fact,this section made me reflect on my cousins and the way that they were raised. I am very close with my cousins but, I always slightly resented them for their parents manner of raising them. My aunt and uncle are firm believers and followers of indulgent parenting. They were really involved but imposed very little with respect to commands and consequences. This in turn led to my cousins to being quite unruly and somewhat wild when they were younger.

Because of this, their family was often the butt of many jokes because their children were viewed as out of control. Now, fast forward ten years, their parenting style remains the same but their children have all developed into exceptional young adults. One is on her way to medical school. Another is on his way to Stanford. The other two are straight A students in high school. I find the transition my cousins made quite extraordinary. Perhaps, indulgent parenting has its benefits. I find it very interesting that this parenting style led to very positive development.

So my question is, can we really make assumptions about parenting styles and how they affect development? And, our my cousins just anomalies?
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Subject: continuity vs. discontinuity


Author:
Timothy R. Pruitt, Jr.
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Date Posted: 20:03:09 03/23/08 Sun

In chapter 9, the book addresses developmental construction of relationships. Specifically, the book talks about the continuity view of relationships and the discontinuity view of relationships. One emphasizes continuity and stability (specifically in regards to early parent-child relationships) while the other emphasizes discontinuity and change in relationships. The discontinuity suggests that adolescents learn how to relate to their peers through numerous interactions with peers, friends, family, and partners.

As I observe my students interact with one another I see a disturbing trend. It seems like my males students (ages 14-15) are very misogynistic and disrespectful in when they talk to my female students, but when these students talk to or about their mothers, they are very respectful.

On the surface level it would appear as if my male students were just being disrespectful to the female students and showing respect to the male students. After reading the section on the developmental construction of relationships, I wonder to what extend the continuity view or the discontinuity view would apply to this observed behavior. For example, are the male students treating their female peers in this manner because that’s what they observed in relationships with their parents (continuity)? OR are the male students modeling what they have learned through their previous relationships with females?

I realize that there are other factors that come into play, but I fail to understand exactly how the same student can show respect for his mother and show blatant disrespect for their female peers.
Subject: Personal Parenting Style - Part 2


Author:
Carmen Davis
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Date Posted: 19:54:48 03/23/08 Sun

As for my discipline methods, I use what I feel is effective for what they have done. I believe in talking to your child first about what they have done. It is not that you feel they know better, it is about letting them tell you why they did what they did. We often times do not listen to our children and they act out to get the attention. I express respect to my boys and I tell them as long as they show respect, they can demand respect. If I find that after I talked to them, they continue to do the same thing, I will spank them and it has been effective but when I spank my children, I explain to them why I did it and I assure them I love them, that is why I had to go to that extreme because if I didn’t love them, I wouldn’t care about what they did. I have told my oldest son to tell me when he is angry with me because just because I am an adult doesn’t always make me right…I have to allow him to be mad at me because I just spanked him and he didn’t like it. I am not going to let them suppress their feelings. A lot of people do not agree with my parenting style of the open relationship I have with my kids but I remind them that I am their mother not their friend but they know as being their mother, I am here to protect them and guide them. Part of protecting and guiding them is listening to them and giving them the same respect I demand from them. I am blessed to have to well mannered boys but it isn't easy raising them in this society.
Subject: Personal Parenting Style - Part 1


Author:
Carmen Davis (not feeling well)
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Date Posted: 19:50:12 03/23/08 Sun

I am going to talk about my personal parenting style and although I agree with a lot of the information in the book. I strongly feel because of each child's individual temperament, parents must discipline or utilize different parenting styles accordingly. My two boys are 7 ½ years apart but their attitudes are similar BUT I still cannot use the same parenting style because even after 7 years, the social construct is different and although I can use the same methods, their mentality is different because of what they have been exposed too during the different stages of age. I find myself having to explain more to my 7 year old now than I did to my 15 year old when he was that age. Sex, drugs and violence are more prevalent in our society today and my son sees things that need explaining. I am glad that I am an open minded person because I talk to my kids and I realize that there is a difference in how I would like for things to be compared to how things really are…we must educate our children and not be afraid to talk about the issues that they are faced with, primarily sex and drugs…as well as gangs. We are afraid of telling our children too much, when in fact, we are not telling them enough.
Subject: Parenting Styles


Author:
Danielle Murphy
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Date Posted: 18:59:43 03/23/08 Sun

Thinking back about the way that I was raised, I think that my parents used more of an Authoritative style than any other. This parenting style encourages children to be independent while still placing limits. These parents are described as self-reliant and socially responsible. They tend to talk and discuss problems rather than having strict punishments. I remember as a teenager if I did something wrong I would really end up punishing myself because of the guilt I would feel as letting my parents down. They wouldn't really have to ground or yell at me because the thought of me disappointing them was enough to make sure I never did whatever I did again. The other types of parenting style include: authoritarian, neglectful, and indulgent.
Subject: This week's reflection


Author:
Christina V. Watkins
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Date Posted: 18:55:28 03/23/08 Sun

Let me begin by saying that I've been very ill with a terrible sinus infection all week so I haven't had a chance to read chapter 9 yet. So, for this posting, I'll discuss some information I plan on including in my observation paper.

While observing a 7th grade class a couple of weeks ago at Douglass Middle School I noticed a lot of interesting things. Perhaps the most troubling was when a young girl was sent to the office for disrupting the class. Instead of leaving immediately, she kind of lounged around the classroom talking back and then left out swearing. I couldn't make heads or tails of her actions until I saw her again later. Apparently, her mother was called to come pick her up. The mother looked fairly young and was wearing tiny shorts and a cut off shirt, her mouth was full of gold teeth and her body plagued with tattoos. Trying not to stereotype her as they walked out of the building, it was what came out of the mother's mouth that shocked me the most. "Those bitches won't quit till they get you out this school," the mother said walking out the door. "The next time that teacher say shit to you..." as the door closed behind her. I could only imagine what the end of that sentence was like. Now, I have more of an understanding why this child acts the way she does.

Someone please tell me how any teacher can make progress in a classroom with things like this going on at home?
Subject: fidelity is strictly commitment


Author:
A.J. Stich (commitment means commitment)
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Date Posted: 16:24:53 03/22/08 Sat

When doing my presentation, I don't know why I automatically assumed fidelity meant "happiness" in the context of the research paper I wrote. But I've been thinking about it a lot because I, and others I've talked with about my presentation since Saturday, have expressed concern about associating positive human psychological attributes with happiness. One would assume that the process from low levels of identity development towards commitment would be an emotional development towards happiness, but there are some serious examples that dissuade that conclusion I drew. For instance, if an individual were to develop the identity of a psychopathic killer and reached commitment in doing so, that would probably wouldn't lead to happiness. Or would it? I don't know.

A very clear example of identity development that would not lead to happiness would be in the development of a pessimist. That pessimistic identity achievement would not be an achievement of happiness.

For some reason, and this may just be very naive of me (honestly), I think that psychology should evidently lead to more happiness and any psychological foundations that do not do so should be reconsidered for more practical studies that lead to satisfaction. That is why I automatically assumed fidelity correlated with happiness. This may very well be an ideological flaw of mine.
Subject: March Presentations


Author:
Carolyn Brown
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Date Posted: 21:52:00 03/16/08 Sun

I am sorry I missed the second half of Saturday’s discussion, but I found this week’s sessions thought provoking. I have to review what I see at school and what my response as a teacher will be. In addition, I have to reevaluate my understanding of my students going through “group pubertal responses.” I like the article presentations and our discussions! On my own, I would not have selected to read several of the articles presented in class this weekend, but after the discussions, I will go back to read a few of them for myself. I did have a question though. Timothy, I think you said you had to pay for your article, WHY? I haven’t paid for any of the ones I pulled up for this course.
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Subject: 1 in 4 girls


Author:
Danielle Murphy
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Date Posted: 15:06:26 03/16/08 Sun

After this weekend's class, I still find that 1 in 4 girls has an STD to be shocking. Even more stocking was the statistic that nearly 50% of African American girls has at least one STD. Something has definately got to change in the way we are teaching our youth about sexual activity. For one thing, the fact that cervical cancer caused by STDs can now be prevented with a vaccination is huge. This needs to be made available to more teen girls. Also, as was brought up in class, sexuality needs to be talked about more openly with our youth instead of being such a closed and taboo topic. Making sex bad and evil is not working when it comes to teaching abstinence. If students are presented with facts and encouraged to engage in open discussion, maybe they will be better equipped to make decisions about having sex and about how to do it safely.
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Subject: Self Understanding


Author:
John Estes
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Date Posted: 21:02:31 03/16/08 Sun

During the presentations, I brought up the situation I had in college with one of the top female students. I could easily appreciate her abilities inside the classroom setting, but could not understand how easily she could frustrate me. Her way of communicating to others was irritating to me. I always felt she was looking down on those who did not meet her standards. I didn't feel like she had much compassion for her fellow students. My fellow classmates did not help the situation, because they would help instigate the conflict be she and I. I can look back in retrospect. I did not try to know her better before making my own judgement. I followed a popular view and did not follow up on the information available. The head of the science department tried to help me see this. I was preoccupied with everything else to understand what he was saying. I have noticed that what you tend to do to others does come back to revisit you. I miss teasing her.
Subject: Class Discussion on Sexual Identity and Relationships


Author:
Melodie Miller
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Date Posted: 19:16:57 03/15/08 Sat

The class discussion and presentations today were very interesting to me. In particular, the information that was presented about the incidence of STDs, coupled with the information that was shared by a classmate about what happens in the bathroom at the school where she teaches is very disturbing. I agree with the sentiment that was expressed in class today that what is being done today is definitely NOT working. Although I agree that something different must be done, I am not sure about just what should be done. Although I am not a teacher, it seems that the expectation is that teachers will "do it all." Given the comments that have been shared by some of the teachers in the class (and other teachers that I know) regarding the amount of teaching that teachers are expected to do and previous posts from fellow classmates about teacher training, I wonder if this would be feasible. I really like Dr. Hagan's suggestion of having more counselors in schools who are actually able to talk to students.
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Subject: 3/16/08 Posting


Author:
LaFrance Hunt
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Date Posted: 15:41:31 03/16/08 Sun

I found the presentations and discussions very interesting. I especially found Timothy’s presentation on Social Identity Peer Relations, and Academic Competence of African American Adolescents interesting. The social identity and bicultural identity reminds me of W.E.B DuBois’ theory of double consciousness. Double consciousness is where an individual (in particular an African American) not only evaluates or looks at one’s self through their own eyes but also through the eyes of others (the dominant culture). This warring of twoness, two thoughts causes conflict within the individual. Therefore would drawing on and internalizing behaviors of other diverse groups create conflict within the student. To be expected to remain true to self and one’s own culture and also fit in with the mainstream seems to be a bit stressful for the student.
Subject: Adolecense Psycology Teacher Training


Author:
Patrick Frett
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Date Posted: 16:00:13 03/02/08 Sun

I want to begin first by saying, I am not even sure if I am supposed to post today. But, to be on the safe side I am going to go ahead and write a post either way. I was reflecting on the tools given to new teachers. I never went through a normal undergrad teaching program. Instead, my program was a quick lets get the essentials and the rest will work its self out kind of training program. Why is it that there is not more of a focus on teachers being trained in subjects such as adolescent psyc. I took the crash courses in classroom management and effectively teaching content, but there was never a focus on the actual mental state of the students I teach. I think knowledge of why certain actions take place is vitally important. Truly understanding the reasons for your students actions is necessary. Yet my training did not include any of this. Do we need to revamp how we prepare teachers for the classroom? What tools do teachers really need to be successful in the classroom? Perhaps we need to reevaluate how we teach and train our teachers. Yet again, sorry if this post was not supposed to happen but either way I think it is an interesting concept.
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Subject: Teacher Training


Author:
Carolyn Brown
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Date Posted: 20:04:49 03/02/08 Sun

As a parent and a teacher, I found out most of what I needed with on the job training. The advantage of taking the Psychology course now is that I can look back and say, "Oh, that's why that happened!" The responsibility I had as a teacher then was to guide my students toward intellectual independence. Much of my current teacher training is very helpful because I now teach adolescents. I see the merits of taking this type of course before a teacher sets a foot in the classroom. But this material would not fit so comfortably in the mini-workshops prior to Fall opening of schools, and, in that time-frame, teachers would not have time to reflect and to compare student behavior as we do in this class. I see my next year's students getting the benefits of the course.
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Subject: Emotions of Today's Youth


Author:
Carmen Davis
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Date Posted: 17:09:13 02/24/08 Sun

After reading chapter 5, I think I can appreciate and understand the emotional development of many of our teenagers today. However, I have noticed that many of our adolescents today are angry. They do not know how to deal with their emotions and channel their emotions into a positive attitude. Many of our students are stressed about things in their lives that they should not have to worry about which may be taking care of their younger sibling because mom has to work and daddy is no where around. Many of them must get jobs to try and help make ends meet at home and cannot focus on school like they should. Many of them are raising themselves which I think gives them that attitude that they are "grown" when in fact they are still kids. They are growing up too fast and dealing with too many issues which I feel society plays such a huge role in their emotional development.
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Subject: Emotional Development


Author:
Melodie Miller
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Date Posted: 16:43:42 02/24/08 Sun

The section of chapter 5 that addresses emotional development resonated with me. According to the text, adolescents might be very happy one moment and depressed the next. The text also states that adolescents may project their unpleasant feelings onto others. This inappropriate displacement of feelings can lead to conflict within family systems. In my experience as a counselor, adolescents sometimes struggle with this and parents sometimes have difficulty understanding that some degree of moodiness is normal. The challenge is helping adolescents learn emotional regulation and encouraging parents to be flexible (as appropriate). In my experience it can sometimes be difficult getting these two groups to “meet in the middle.” Has anyone else ever experienced this?
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Subject: Identity Crisis


Author:
John Estes
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Date Posted: 20:56:33 02/24/08 Sun

I have seen students struggling with how others precieve them especially their peers. I try to walk them through how relative others opinions should change them. If a person has many connections with that student, their influence can be a major factor in their development. The student needs to pull in as many resources as possible to help them through those difficult times. When a student is trying to change themselves, they need to consult those that they most identify with who they want to become. I try to give the students questions to ask those who they emulating. It is the meaning we give to our lives that can make the journey worth the travel. I find it strange that so many want to be their own individual, but copy behavior of their peers to fit in. I moved from school to school when I was in elementary and high school. I did not have time to fit in on a long term basis. I do miss that I don't have long term friendships like I wanted. I would like to see students able to show more of their individual characteristics rather than what others expect of them. It takes a long time to build up someones confidence to support their self esteem. If they develop their confidence, I think they will be able to show their individual identity more frequently.
Subject: Identity


Author:
Christina V. Watkins
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Date Posted: 20:12:09 02/24/08 Sun

The chapter on identity was interesting to say the least. I almost forgot how difficult it was being a teenager. I would say that my family played a huge role in the development of my identity. My mom was more of a democratic type, in that she encouraged freedom of thought and expression - her word wasn't always final. While on the other hand, my dad always had the final say so; there was no talking things through - he was more of the autocratic parent. I think much of my passion for freedom of speech and journalism comes from what my mother instilled in me.

I notice this a lot with the students I encounter at work. Sometimes I wonder why a child is the way he/she is until I meet their parent(s). While I think it's good to teach a child certain values, I think it limits their potential when parents force their viewpoints on their children. Families should be open relationships where children should feel just as respected as the adults. This encourages open conversations without the fear of being judged and it motivates the development of self identity.
Subject: Family Influence on Identity Development


Author:
LaFrance Hunt
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Date Posted: 19:59:22 02/24/08 Sun

I found the section entitled family influences on identity very interesting and so true. Parenting styles, support, family structure, and family relationships all exert influences on the identity development of adolescents. My parents, although they did encourage us to express our opinions, were more authoritative and taught us to follow the rules (theirs in particular) and not question authority. Therefore, according to Marcia’s four identity statuses my parents encouraged identity foreclosure. Due to this encouragement, for the most part, I found it hard to question authority rather right or wrong. Interestingly enough, I still find it somewhat difficult to question/debate authority.
Knowing that many factors (parenting styles, support, family structure, and family relationships) impact the identity development of adolescents, my question is what happens to the adolescents’ identity when these factors are not present (i.e. the child’s parents are not active in the child’s life/ the child’s parents do not support them, the family relationships are not stable and are chaotic) and how does one counteract the negative impact of these factors?
Subject: Self-Identity


Author:
Danielle Murphy
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Date Posted: 19:05:41 02/24/08 Sun

I thought some of the dimensions of self-understanding that adolescents display were interesting and made a lot of sense when thinking about this population. The idea of self-understanding being differentiated described how adolescents may have the tendency to view themselves differently depending on the setting. For instance, at home or around family a teen may present a set of characteristics that differs drastically from those displayed at school or around peers. The idea of real versus ideal selves was also interesting. Although Rogers views a discrepancy bewteen real and ideal self as maladaptive, others feel it is healthy and a way to strive for a balanced sense of self. I have always thought of the terms self-concept and self-esteem as interchangeable. However, as the text points out, these terms are very distinct and different from each other. Self-concept can almost be thought of as the parts that make up the whole self-esteem. Self-concepts are the evaluations of the domains that make up the global evaluation, which is self-esteem.
Subject: Self-Esteem: Perception and Reality


Author:
Patrick Frett
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Date Posted: 16:54:37 02/24/08 Sun

The section from the reading in chapter 5 titled "Self-Esteem: Perception and Reality" resonated the most with myself. The book writes, "an adolescent's self-esteem might indicate a perception about whether he or she is intelligent and attractive, for example, but that perception might not be accurate." Being teacher, I have began to realize that low self-esteem is an issue that is plaguing our school. There are tons of students at my school who have low self-esteem. I believe this leads to those students being perceived as not smart. This perception in turn leads teachers to lower expectations for these students. So, in the end these students are being held to much lower standards and they are not being academically challenged. This all happens when in reality the students are actually smart and can do the work. It is their low academic self-esteem that is the issue which prevents them from being successful. Teachers need to realize this and focus more on the students self-esteem while maintaining high expectations in the classroom.
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Subject: Part 2 of my post...it was too long...


Author:
Carmen Davis
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Date Posted: 17:10:28 02/24/08 Sun

I will use my son as an example for this chapter. He is still looking for his identity in school but he knows who he is at home. He is our son and a brother, so therefore he has to uphold to that. When he is in school, I feel he struggles because he doesn't want to be the "good, well-behaved student" and he tends to act out. As he reaches the middle of his teenage years, his attitude has changed and he is less emotional as he used to be but that concerns me because I often times wonder if he is dealing with his emotions or bottling them in. Although, I feel we have a good relationship, I am constantly letting him know that he can talk to me about anything, he can tell me how he feels. When I would chastise him and he would get angry, huffing and puffing, I would tell him to tell me how he feels right now. I would say, do you hate me, are you angry with me, if so, you have a right to be; I just spanked you (yes, up until he was 13, I would spank him if I felt the need cause sometimes words did not get the job done). He would say yes but I would then say, "well, you knew the consequences of your actions before you did what you did, so therefore, you have to deal with it and only be upset with yourself." I had to let him know that as his parent, it is my duty to discipline and sometimes take a different course of action but at the end, I would hug him and say I still love you and it's up to you to do what you are supposed to. It has been hard lately to deal with him emotionally because I don't know what is going through his head, but I offer my support daily in hopes he is okay.
Subject: Student Identity


Author:
Carolyn Brown
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Date Posted: 22:09:50 02/23/08 Sat

Discussions about adolescent identity have to go back to how students interact in social settings. For the last several days, I encountered different sides of individuals I had only known as faces in a hall or stairwell. I saw the individuals as young people who laughed, clowned, sagged, or yelled during class transition or in the cafeteria lines along with their friends. This week I saw them for the first time in the classroom. In the classroom interactions, I saw student behaviors that made me reexamine what I thought about particular students. Students who appeared in the hall as self-confident young males turned out to be bullies who used their bravado to cover academic insufficiencies and wimpy behaviors. The self-assured students whined at mere paper-cuts. They were different people in different settings and with different relationships. On the other hand, I saw new sides to students I thought I knew well last semester. One student last semester was a boiling cauldron of emotions but now functions calmly when stressed by the same irritant of last year; smiles replaced the glowering expressions and foul language. What happened in three months? This student is no longer an outcast and has been accepted in her peer group. She easily maneuvers from group to group without the attending conflicts and outbursts that characterized her moody behavior months ago. She manages to respond appropriately in the classroom setting with teachers. She shows none of the bruises from fights that were routine last year. She has reached an emotional competence in her responses at school. I do not know about her other experiences that may shape this new side of her identity, but at least I see a transition from an angry defensive person to a self-assured pleasant one.
Subject: Additional Readings


Author:
Tammy Ali-Carr
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Date Posted: 20:32:56 02/17/08 Sun

After reading the article "Is God all in your head?" I am still wondering if "God" exist or if people have just accepted "God". I struggle with religion as I have searched for any real meaning behind the man made institution. I appreciated Rhawn Joseph's statement on religious vs. spiritual. Just based on my own experiences I agree that "human beings are hard-wired for God."
I believe religion does serve a purpose as far as moral development just as with laws do. Religion provides more of a path, guidance, for how people are supposed to grow up and be productive in their society. Religion also reinforces the local laws.
I have also noticed in working with people who have mental illness that religion somehow sticks with them and is often their reason for doing some of the odd things they do. Many of the psychiatric assessments have the statement of either "God told me to..." or "The devil made me do..." It will forever amaze me how they can forget everything and everyone, but still reference teachings from religion. I have also noticed that people who think they are someone else usually think they are God, Michael Jackson or Elvis Presley or the child of one of them. Strange what the brain holds on to.
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Subject: Moral Identify


Author:
Timothy R. Pruitt, Jr.
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Date Posted: 21:49:33 02/17/08 Sun

As I read through Chapter 8, I found the section on moral identity particularly interesting. Shandrock suggests that “individuals have moral identity when moral notion and commitments are central to one’s life.” Augusto Blasi suggested that moral identity was influenced by will power, integrity, and moral desire. Blasi concluded that willpower and integrity were neutral unless they are attached to moral desire.

Under this premise I wonder what makes a moral commitment central to our students’ life. Last week I discovered that a student has been routinely erasing another student’s name and placing his on her work. When I asked him about his actions, he said that since his writing looked like the other student’s, he figured he would try to make an easy grade. Clearly, this student lacked the will power, moral desire, and integrity that would keep him from performing this dishonest act.

I wonder how to show my students (and this student in particular) the importance of developing a moral identity. We live in a world where professional athletes use steroids, corporate executives rob employees of their 401Ks, and public officials steal and misuse government assets. I wonder if our students’ moral identity parallels that of the adults in the media and in their close proximity.
Subject: Morality


Author:
Carolyn Brown
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Date Posted: 20:53:54 02/17/08 Sun

I stopped to re-read the article “Is God All in Your Head” before I sat down to write tonight. I was thinking about our discussion in class on personal beliefs that govern our behavior in relationship to our stages of development. Several of my students repeatedly say in class “God will punish you for saying that” in response to other students’ infractions of what is considered right behavior. The quick retort, “My bad,” often automatic but not necessarily apologetic, usually satisfies the judgmental students.
Yet I notice that the “keepers of morality” in my class tend to be outsiders or fringe people who budge their way into a group whereas “mainstream students” are more flexible in accepting individual faults and failures. As a result of dialogue or argument, students reveal varying levels of moral development. Some come from authoritarian households and talk about their parents rules as explanations for their behavior. Some say I did it because I wanted to- no other reason given for their behavior. Developing adolescent students do have a strong code of ethics and a sense of moral awareness that allow peer groups to resolves issues of social interaction. For some students, “God” is the supreme authority, but for others a more relaxed acceptance of the here and now, situational ethics, seems to operate.
Subject: Moral Development


Author:
John Estes
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Date Posted: 20:05:29 02/17/08 Sun

One of the things I like to observe is my two sons interactions with each other. Rob views the world as either wrong or right with no middle ground. Russ views are that there is a gray area that has to be weighed against a person's actions. They both were in the same enviroment, but have polarized concepts on several things. The twins started off with their own language after they were born and always worked together to accomplish some of their tasks. They never would be in the same mood at the same time, but would alternate as if they were teathered around a center point. Their view of what is wrong and right seams to have developed along the same line. I don't feel that I should force concepts on them, but I will try to mold an a series of constructs for them to build on. They are a joy to see develop and a wonder on how they strugle through what they consider challenging. Rob has strugled with why the Chinese are taking jobs away from Americans. He understands though that they need to work as well. I have explained how several Japanese manufactures are now producing their vehicles inside the United States. It will be interesting to see how they gain a concept of the complexity the world. I am still working on developing a better understanding.
Subject: Moral Development


Author:
Carmen Davis (Intgrigued)
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Date Posted: 12:19:47 02/17/08 Sun

I thought the test that we were given on last Saturday was very interesting. After we later discussed our responses, I did find it interesting how many of us were very empathetic in the situation with the ill wife. We all know that stealing is not the right thing to do but do our justifications for doing it, make it right? All of our lives, many of us are taught about what is right compared to what is wrong and often times we find our selves questioning what is right and what is wrong. When we put our religious views in tact, then we see things through God's eyes but when we look at it through our subconscious minds, we primarily go with our "gut feelings" and know that it just isn't right. After reading a little more regarding the stages of moral development according to Kohlberg, I can agree with much of what he saying and how we make decisions based on our moral values. However, I wonder how many of our children today really hold true to their moral values????
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Subject: Discipline and Moral Development


Author:
Danielle Murphy
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Date Posted: 18:37:21 02/17/08 Sun

Like LaFrance, I found the section on Parental Discipline to be very interesting. I have learned about moral development before, but had never heard about Hoffman's parenting styles for moral development: love withdrawal, power assertion, and induction. The book states that induction is viewed more favorably and seen as more effective in developing morals among adolescents. I can see how love withdrawal would be counterproductive, as well as extreme power assertion. However, it does not seem realistic that using only induction would solve behavioral problems from reoccurring. It is important to explain and talk out behaviors, but it can also be important to know that there may be consequences given when certain boundaries are crossed. As Hoffman eluded to in the chapter, induction may not be effective with all adolescents. Some children and adolescents may need more concrete consequences. This would be especially true for children still in the preoperational or concrete operational stages, as these children may have trouble connecting the abstract messages from a parent with the problem behavior. I feel that certain types of power assertion techniques are counterproductive, but things such as groundings or lose of privileges may work well for some children/adolescents.
Subject: Birth Order


Author:
Christina V. Watkins
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Date Posted: 18:29:18 02/17/08 Sun

I found the information on birth order refreshing in that it related to a previous course I had dealing with interpersonal relationships. Although that course didn't go into specifics about the affects of birth order on adolescents, it did discuss the role it played in relationships.

As I remember, 1st borns (just as the book said) tend to be more self-controlled and responsible. Researchers suggested that this was due to years of looking after younger sibilings. Last borns or the baby of the family tended to be more irresponsible and dependent. They've always been taken care of and watched after, so into adulthood they expect the same treatment. It was more difficult explaining the personality of anyone who fell in between the first and last born child. Depending on the number of children and how far apart they were, middle children can adopt traits of either first borns or last borns.

I believe this ties into adolescents because many of our personality traits are formed in the home environment. For example, being a last born (having only an older brother), I tended to have everything I wanted. If I pouted a little things would normally go my way. I did not have to worry about anyone bothering me because my brother would handle it. In school however, I found that it was not always best for me to get my way, although I didn't really understand why. In relationships I find that it is better for me to be with a first born. The ones I've encountered are generally more responsible than I am and a little more self-controlled. I find this to be a good balance in relationships.
Subject: Cults


Author:
Melodie Miller
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Date Posted: 17:47:39 02/17/08 Sun

I found the information in the chapter about cults very interesting. According to the text, most of the people who join cults are normal, everyday people who "...are in a transitional phase of life." The text also states that cults prefer intelligent, productive individuals. The information presented in the text resignated with me as one of my friends was a part of a cult when she went away for college. This situation was disturbing not only to her family but to her friends as well. It's interesting that my friend's experience is consistent with the information presented in the text. She is very intelligent and was in a transitional stage of her life...college.
Subject: Parental Discipline


Author:
LaFrance Hunt
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Date Posted: 16:35:31 02/17/08 Sun

I found the section on Parental Discipline (Chapter 8 pg 254) very interesting. I especially found the different discipline types suggested interesting. The one that I found most interesting was the Love Withdrawal technique. Even though I do agree that the fear of punishment and of losing parental love will affect children and their moral development, I feel that this type of discipline may play against the parent. While for me disappointing and being ignored by my parents was very hurtful and positively affected me, for some children who are already seeking attention from the parent, withholding attention or love from the child may cause he/she to act out even more. Therefore I believe that before deciding what technique to employ, the parent must know and understand their child.
Subject: Ruminations


Author:
Carolyn Brown
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Date Posted: 16:21:07 02/10/08 Sun

I thought about our four sessions so far, and I believe this class has been the most rewarding use of my time on a Friday evening or all day Saturday, the times when I usually unwind from the crazy work week at school. I understand how other classmates feel about teaching and the difficult battles we all face in the school system and how parents feel about their experiences with the school system I know from experience how it feels to be a “token,” but Christina’s discussion put a name to the ethnic stereotyping and its ramifications for my students. My friends used to call me “goody two shoes” when I was little because of how I functioned back then; I guess I am still a “goody two shoes” based on our discussion yesterday. At the end of the class sessions I’m mentally energized and think about where I can use all this stuff. Most of it won’t wind up in my school room this year because I’m in the survival mode until May, but if I’m teaching next year, I will have time for the ideas to settle and resurface as useful teaching strategies. I keep thinking of research I’d rather do instead of fighting uphill school room battles, and this course has offered some direction in that regard.
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Subject: Elkind's views


Author:
Danielle Murphy
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Date Posted: 21:00:26 02/10/08 Sun

It was interesting to read through Elkind's theories on adolescent development and egocentrism. His theories suggest that there are two types of social thinking involved in adolescent egocentrism: imaginary audience and personal fable. This phase can also involve a sense of invincibility. The idea of adolescent egocentrism can account for a lot of the hard to understand behavior that adolescents and teenagers exhibit. I can remember being in high school and being so self-conscious because I really did believe that everyone in school was looking at me. As an adult, you look back and realize how irrational those thoughts and feelings were, but at the time they seemed so real and overwhelming. No wonder I fought with my parents so much!
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Subject: Stage 6's


Author:
A.J. Stich (Why are there so few stage 6's)
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Date Posted: 14:03:06 02/09/08 Sat

Driving home from class, Tim, Jacklyn and I had a great discussion about Kohlberg's moral development stage. The brunt of our conversation focused heavily on stage 6's and why there are so few. We came up with a list of reasons why:

1. Stage 6's may only truly exist in expression as well as theory. By that I mean, a stage 6er may be the kind of person who is able to rationalize like a stage 5 and then live out the theory in day to day life. Dr. Hagan pointed out that moral development often runs parallel with cognitive ability. And as we learned from Carolyn Brown's presentation today, the best way to develop cognitively is to "teach" an application. Teaching, from my vantage point, is simply another way of saying "living" it from day to day. Therefore, the people who express the level 5 moral rationale, in their day to day living, learn it faster thus developing faster into a level 6. Just an idea.

2. Level sixes are always ostracized. Between Fowler and Kohlber, It seems like every mention of a level 6 is an individual who was assassinated or marginalized. Ghandi, Christ, and King were all killed for their representation of universal beliefs. As a more recent model of a potential level 6, maybe Benazir Bhutto was likewise killed for her beliefs.
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Subject: Abstract Thought


Author:
Melodie Miller
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Date Posted: 20:25:01 02/10/08 Sun

This weekend’s class discussion was very interesting to me. I was particularly interested in the comments regarding abstract thought. After class I began to think about possible implications of this in the classroom and how the concepts of concrete and abstract thinking might impact classroom learning and instruction. In my job as a counselor, I have sometimes mistaken a client’s failure to “follow through” as resistance and later discovered that this was not resistance, but that the client did not fully understand the question/suggestion because the information was presented in a way that was too abstract for him/her to understand. This line of thinking prompted me to wonder if this happens in the classroom. If so, it would seem that this could possibly impact the learning process, just as it does the therapy process. Has anyone ever experienced this?
Subject: Moral Development


Author:
John Estes
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Date Posted: 19:47:05 02/10/08 Sun

I have been interested in the view of dealing with a social structure that without a moral base. If you see man as just another animal with ability to communicate, survial of the fittest is the driving force behind your social structure. Man should become a stronger species from combining the winning attributes. This would more than likely undermine social structure and create far too competive enviroment. Children in the preconventional stage show a need to be nurtureed. This responsive behavior helps to model how well they will nuture others. From the beginning of most of our lives, we are given examples of how to care for those who are weaker. The young experience from the previous gereation a constuct of how we precieve the stuggle with the fittest. The struggle we try to overcome is how to strengthen the weakest link in the chain.
Subject: Posting #4-Chapter 5- ( The Self Esteem and Success in School section)


Author:
LaFrance Hunt
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Date Posted: 17:01:48 02/10/08 Sun

It was interesting to read the piece on Self Esteem and its link to success in school. The text suggests that self esteem is only moderately correlated to school performance and high self esteem does not produce better school performance. Interestingly enough, I learned, at one of the sessions (Risk and Resiliency: What You Can Do in Your Schools) for the conference that I attended (National Association for School Psychology), that self esteem is related to competence (academic, behavioral, social, and emotional competence) and student performance. The presenters suggested that those students who have low self esteem usually have a lower sense of competence; academically, behaviorally, socially, and emotionally. Consequently, these students do poorer in school and usually act out in the classroom. They proposed that in order to build students’ competence and counteract negative factors in the environment, educators and those who work with students should seek to build the students resiliency (capacity to recover from adverse circumstances) and esteem through increasing pro social bonding, providing caring and support, setting and communicating high expectations, providing opportunities for meaningful participation, and setting clear consistent boundaries. Therefore, contrary to what the text suggests, improving a students’ self esteem increases the students’ competence (academically) therefore increasing the students’ performance at school (academically and behaviorally).
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Subject: Inferiority Complex in Memphis City Schools


Author:
Timothy R. Pruitt, Jr.
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Date Posted: 16:55:35 02/10/08 Sun

Online Posting #4 for 2/10/2008

I really enjoyed Christina Watkins’ presentation. The findings from her article, coupled with the finding from Friday’s video, caused me to think about its application to Memphis City Schools students’ performance. As I understand, the students at Stanford are the “cream of the crop” for both Black and White communities. As Dr. Hagan said, these Black students should have less of a reason to feel inferior because they were enrolled in the same school as their White counterpoint.

I wonder how this study would work if we tested two students of different races from different schools in MCS. As it stands now there are schools in MCS that are perceived to produce “top-tier” students. An interesting study could compare two students, one White and one Black with identical or similar standardized scores, who attend different schools within the MCS system.

What would be the result if we tested a white student from a “good school” with a Black student from a “poor school”? Conversely, what would be the result of performance if the Black student attended the “good school” and the White student attended the “poor school?” Would the student from the “good school” perform better without variation? Would the Black student perform better without variation? Would the students’ performance change if they had to tell their counterpart where they attended school?
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Subject: Cognitive Development


Author:
Carolyn Brown
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Date Posted: 20:52:08 02/03/08 Sun

I thought about Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development and how those stages apply to my fourteen year old students. My students are generally not learning disabled; some actually are honors students, and most are typical teens. Based on the Piagetian principle my students should be approaching the formal operational stage of cognitive development. Why is there a seeming cognitive delay?

I thought of my own childhood, my children’s experiences, and my students’ world to search for answers. For me, the radio, books in the library, classes at school, and conversations with immediate relatives and neighbors informed my world. Television was a late arrival in my household, and I was twelve when I saw the screen in color.
My children were the first in the neighborhood to have a computer, and they could not maneuver the ancient advertisement laden portal to the web. But my children mastered gaming, such as Pac man and Atari, and came back to the computer and learned something along the way.

My current students live in an explosive environment; they are bombarded by information from all over the universe. How they respond to the stimuli really depends on how equipped they are to encode information, process it automatically, and apply the knowledge in problem-solving responses to their environment. My students have no difficulty relating to the latest newsflash on Chris Brown but struggle with reading and discussing a newspaper editorial. Their cognitive development, their decision making process, and their responses to their environment are uneven and interconnected, somewhat like hair that grows longer on one side of the head than on the other. Struggling with basic skills and functioning on varying levels of proficiency in content areas, these same students take mandated tests and assessments that have little bearing on their interests and everyday world. Shaped by family members, peers, teachers, and the media, these students need more practice thinking critically in an academically challenging, creative, and productive environment.

I find that no one theory accounts for the complexity of cognitive responses in my adolescent students. Vygotsky, Sternberg, and other psychologists add missing parts of the puzzle that Piaget assembled. To be successful, my students must work harder to assimilate and accommodate elements of a twenty-first century socio-cultural environment, but they must reach their developmental milestones at a pace and in a fashion consistent with their personal and cultural needs.
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Subject: Sleep patterns in adolescents


Author:
Peter V.
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Date Posted: 16:47:06 01/27/08 Sun

I found it interesting to read that a few studies have suggested that high-school aged students have trouble functioning and being ready for school at 7:25am. They said that one school saw some improvement when they moved to a later start time. One example is by no means a comprehensive study, but I do notice that getting students to school on time and getting them to work well in the first period class can be difficult.

Often I blame this on "bad decisions" on their part--staying up too late, not catching up on sleep during weekends etc. But, perhaps blame is not the best way to handle it--especially since it seems that many in their mid-to-late teens have trouble being "morning people".

I have a question and a thought: first, what can I do to help students engage and learn in those early-morning hours? Second, I wonder if morning grogginess will decrease in the coming weeks as the sun rises earlier? I'mm always curious about this... especially because I don't remember having as much trouble with arrival-to-school tardiness at the beginning of the year.
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Subject: Emotional Intelligence


Author:
Timothy R. Pruitt, Jr.
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Date Posted: 20:48:08 02/03/08 Sun

Online posting #3 for 2/3/2008

As I read through chapter 4 I was particularly interested by the section on emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence, as I understand it, is the ability to perceive and express emotion.

This inability to express and understand emotions and feelings is often the fuel for conflict and confrontation at my school. In many cases I see students arguing merely because they do not know how to describe their feelings. When these conflicts are discussed and mediated, I often find that a lack of adequate communication was the key to the misunderstanding.

As part of a sex awareness course, the school has hired a woman to come to my class and talk to them about the dangers of premarital sexual activities. This class is designed to provide an open forum for discussion amongst the students and the facilitator. The trend I have notices so far is that many of my students show a willingness to express themselves to the group, but they could not accurately describe their emotions.

I know that there can be many reasons for this occurrence. Students of this age (14-17) are going through a time where their minds and their bodies are developing. Confusion about this process can lead to an inability to express their emotions. Some students have trouble articulating

I have come to believe that many students have trouble describing their feelings and emotions because we as educators are not asking them to express themselves freely. Emotional intelligence seems to be a learned ability but students that do not learn how to communicate their feelings grow into adults with the same problem.
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Subject: Multiple Intelligences


Author:
Danielle Murphy
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Date Posted: 21:28:10 02/04/08 Mon

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences consist of logical-mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-kinethisetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. Gardner feels that these intelligences are largely independent from each other, meaning that individuals are likely to exhibit different levels of skills in each domain. I think my skills would be higher in the musical and interpersonal skills than they would be in the bodily-kinethistic or linguistic domains. As of now, there are no systematic evaluations to test for Gardner's intelligences, but I think it would be neat to see a norm-referenced intelligence battery that could test these domains.
Subject: Levels of Intelligence


Author:
Christina Watkins
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Date Posted: 10:04:51 02/03/08 Sun

The readings this week were quite interesting. I found Sternberg and Gardner's theories of intelligence enlighting. While reading, I began pondering how I could include their ideas of multiple intelligences in the classroom. I know that it would take a lot of preparation to come up with a lesson plan that not only introduces the material but would engage the various levels of intelligence of all students.

In observing classrooms where I currently work, I've seen more of a conventional approach to teaching rather than catering to the various types of intelligences. I think it's important for us as educators to realize that students learn in various ways and therefore we should teach in various ways too.
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Subject: Self Image in the Formal Operational Stage


Author:
John Estes
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Date Posted: 20:19:56 02/03/08 Sun

I have seen more students develope abstact thoughts on self image than on any other line of thought. Most thoughts are driven by peer pressure, but over a period of time they move towards questioning their validity. Students that are exposed to a greater variety of social behaviors have more options to choose, but the reinforcement of peers takes time to overcome. It is one of the joys of seeing a adolescent mature as they become aware of their own importance and how they can influence their own enviroment. If they are reinforced at this point of awakening, they can become greatly motivated to a higher level of achievement.
Subject: The Use and Misuse of Intelligence Tests (Posting #3)


Author:
LaFrance Hunt
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Date Posted: 19:31:49 02/03/08 Sun

I found this chapter on Intellectual Development & Creativity very interesting and informative. The most important thing to remember and what this section fails to do completely is stress the fact that the scores provided by IQ tests are not the only measures used in determining if a student is eligible for special education. Interviews with parents/guardians, current academic performance in the class, and adaptive measures are also considered in determining if a child is eligible for special education. I find that sometimes people are too hard on IQ tests and would like to totally disregard IQ tests as measures to determine eligibility because they assume that IQ test is the only determinant for special education. IQ tests are important in helping to determine the levels at which children function and what areas the child is strong/weak in. Keeping this in mind, please everyone remember that IQ test are important in the eligibility process and that there are many factors, besides IQ testing, that go into determining if a child qualifies for special education.
Subject: Chapter 2 My Students and Behavioral Theories


Author:
Carolyn Brown
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Date Posted: 10:22:16 01/20/08 Sun

One concern I noted when I began teaching middle school students last fall was the number of thumb suckers in my eighth grade classes. At first I thought the habit was just a quirk, but after several weeks, I realized that the behavior was a daily activity for some students, male and female. Now considering the Freudian psychosexual stages in Chapter Two, I think the overall behavioral challenges and anxieties those particular students face are eased by the stress reducing thumb sucking behavior. The students generally respond as normal 14 year olds and talk about music, sex, and relationships. But when agitated or dealing with conflicts with class mates, the thumb suckers put in one or two fingers or a thumb in their mouths during class, in the cafeteria, or in the hallways, often oblivious to the reactions of others. I began thinking about what I have learned from those students about their lives and their expressed feelings, and I believe confusion about identity, family issues, and peer interaction account for most of the anxiety.

On the other hand, students who face similar anxieties have another coping mechanism, aggression. Both males and females in this aggressive group reveal, when given the opportunity, a highly charged family environment. Facial bruises and obvious physical injuries inflicted by family members or as a result of family conflicts are often noted in this group of students. After-school neighborhood conflicts spill over into the school experience. In school, the aggressive response learned at home and in the neighborhood is expressed in verbal and physical challenges with teachers and classmates. This group of students tends to have medical concerns or social services involvement in their lives. Where siblings are also students at the school, often a familial pattern of aggression is noted. During some parent conferences, I get another view of the source of the aggression. I see the social cognitive theory and the ecological contextual theory as theories to account for aggressive student behavior.

But by the time I finished Chapter 2’s discussion of theories, I realized I didn’t have all the answers and genuine research would probably give more accurate explanations than my thoughtful but limited observations about my students.
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Subject: The Freedom of Creativity...Or the lack thereof


Author:
Christina V. Watkins
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Date Posted: 17:30:05 01/27/08 Sun

Coloring within the lines was never my thing. As a child, I was always doodling and writing on anything I could touch - even the walls in our house. I loved to express various thoughts that seemed to flow from abstract places beyond the realms of my mind. So naturally, when I came across the creative thinking portion of chapter 3, it sparked my interest.

The book points out some interesting ideas on how to help adolescents become more creative, but who are we kidding? The school system does more to suppress creativity than it does to encourage it.

Creativity is an expression of ones self. It comes from our innermost feelings which translates into an extension of you. A teacher cannot grade "creativity" nor teach it. For example, I having no formal training of the violin could perhaps reproduce some lines of music if I were taught properly. But does simply being able to reproduce someone else's creativity in turn make me creative as well? Or would it be creative of me to take those fundamentals I learned and produce my own music?

I was a creative child, who suffered in school. I could never understand (and still don't) why I was forced to sit in a classroom for hours, listening to lectures, taking notes, taking tests, and doing projects. On tests, there are always going to be right answers and wrong answers, on essays there will always be a general guide to the type of answer you're looking for, and in writing - at least at the high school level - your sentences must always be parallel. Can a child really be creative in such a structured environment?

I believe my creativity only flourished because my parents encouraged it. Please share your ideas with me.
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Subject: Equilibration and Adolescence


Author:
Peter V.
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Date Posted: 13:49:21 02/03/08 Sun

Several things jumped out at me in the reading for this week, but the one I kept thinking about was this concept of "Equilibration", which is a part of Piaget's theory of assimilation and accommodation. I'm continually amazed when I think about the number of things that adolescents are processing, trying to understand, and deciding on. They are simultaneously trying to sort through who they are, who they want to be, what they believe, what really matters, what is right, what is wrong, what true friendship looks like--the list goes on and on. Yes, they are sorting through all this--and they are also supposed to be learning the content of several academic subjects--some of which may seem unimportant and inapplicable at the time.

Wow. There is a lot of information processing going on here! They already have a worldview and a modus operandi, but they daily encounter claims, thoughts and situations which cause cognitive conflict. Some of this cognitive conflict might even come from me, their teacher, as I challenge them to consider that education is power and that it will leave them with lots of options later in life! I have seen several students this year that are slowly starting to put more effort into their work as I win them over. But, I guess I should not be so surprised by the vacillation that I see as students struggle to decide between their current understanding of what is important and what others (coaches, teacher, gangs, parents, friends, pop culture, etc.) tell them is important.

This applies to my job as a teacher in several ways. First, I can expect that when I'm working with a student on behavior and/or academic motivation, they are going to be torn between incompatible perspectives. For this reason, I should no longer be surprised when a student comes to me, tells me that they have decided to change, work hard and "do the right thing", has a good week and then reverts to old behavior patterns a week later. This is just part of the equilibration process in which the siren calls of friends, culture and academic success seem to compete. I suppose that I should also not be surprised when a great student suddenly decides to cut class every other day, break dress code, and do absolutely no work. Somehow they were offered another perspective on life, and they are going through the disequilibrium of deciding if that one is actually the "right one".
Subject: Nature vs. Nurture


Author:
Kendall Nash
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Date Posted: 17:41:16 01/20/08 Sun

I enjoyed the conversation we had this weekend on Nature vs. Nurture. I have always been intrigued by these theories and as most people, believe that our development and who we are is probably a mixture of the two. Originally I disagreed with the statement Dr. Hagan made, that children who are shy would always be shy. I was a shy child when I was young. My Brother and I were very close in age and we had a good deal going; he did all the talking for me and anytime something needed to be done, I took care of it for him. My mom ended up splitting us up a lot so I would learn to talk for myself and he would learn to do for himself. Apparently it worked because it didn't take to long before I began to talk for myself. I have no problem talking and socializing with people now though and hadn't really thought of myself as a shy person. In fact I teach Sunday school, and preach in front of small and large congregations often. I even enjoy it. But after the discussion the more I thought about it, the more convinced I was that I am still a shy person. While I have gotten use to talking in front of people and being the center of attention, it is not something I crave and I too find myself needing that alone time as well. I find it interesting that no matter how many times I get up in front of people to speak, I am still just as nervous, although I think I have learned to control those nerves a lot more than before. In fact, I think a little nervousness helps keep me from being over confident and boring. So apparently Dr. Hagan has convinced me that I am a shy person after all, although as you can tell I am definitely not at a loss for words.
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Subject: Popularity Discussion


Author:
LaFrance Hunt
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Date Posted: 14:47:07 01/20/08 Sun

I definitely found class to be entertaining and enjoyable. I found the discussion on popularity to be especially interesting. During class, I could not think of who the two most popular people were. At my high school, I can’t really say that there was any one person who was the most popular but maybe a few popular people. Due to some segregation at times(by classmates), popularity was divided by race. The blacks who were popular were those who had expensive material possessions (i.e. the nicest car, clothes, house, shoes, etc…). Also for black females you were popular if you were neat, outgoing, and had nice hair and body. For black males you were popular if you were an athlete. For white females, those who were popular had well developed bodies, considered pretty by others, thin, and either on the cheerleading squad or dance squad. For males, the most popular people were the athletes. All in all, it is interesting to note that each culture has different values and ideals that shape the way they view things, things as simple as popularity.
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Subject: Schema and every day life


Author:
A.J. Stich
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Date Posted: 15:21:06 01/26/08 Sat

This week I've been pondering and integrating the idea of "schemas" into my every day life. It needs to be said, that I'm very excited to actually have a utilitarian word for the processes by which I develop context for objects, ideas, words, etc. I have found the word "schema" very pragmatic especially in discussing my theological developments from my teen years to now.

When I was younger I took more of a fundamentalist approach to my religion's ideas of "salvation." Now that I'm older, I hold more of a progressive approach to it. Thus I can conclude my "schema" for the word has developed.

I think it's a wonderful word that doesn't lack in pragmatism.
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Subject: Sleep Patterns in Adolescents


Author:
Timothy R. Pruitt
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Date Posted: 20:54:04 01/27/08 Sun

Online posting #2 for 1/27/2008

I was also intrigued by the information suggesting that students' performance is negatively influenced by early start time in schools.

I have observed sluggish students in my 2nd period classes. This class begins at 7:30 and many students enter the classroom groggy. I can conclusively say that this morning grog has a negative affect on their learning ability. I have, however, noticed that this morning grog can be influenced by my approach to instruction in these morning classes. I have to make a conscious effort to plan energizing activities for these students. I also have to make a conscious effort to teach with more enthusiasm in these morning classes. My students also participate in more group activities than my later classes. I have noticed that these activities are (for the most part) well received and once the students wake, their participation and performance is increased.

Many of my students do not realize the importance of a good night's sleep. Some of my more sluggish students confess to irregular sleeping patters. Some of them take 2 or 3-hour naps after school and cannot get back to sleep until late in the night. Others would stay up late watching television, playing video games, or talking on the phone. I know that these practices are common for many of my students. But it is very difficult, if possible, to regulate their sleeping patterns.

I find it interesting that Memphis City Schools is considering starting their classes later in the morning. I understand the research that suggests high school students could benefit from a later start time. I believe that active lessons and the promotion of healthy/regular sleeping patterns would provide a more adequate solution than a systematic change in the start time of our high schools.
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Subject: Formal Operational Stage Of Congitive Development


Author:
John Estes
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Date Posted: 20:00:00 01/27/08 Sun

During last week, a student approached me concerned about how the rest of the students thought of him. The student was acting up to gain approval of other students. He was upset about having to change his behavior to maintain his enrollment at the school. After questioning him, he knew what he had to do, but was very reluctant to make the changes. He would reason why he needed to keep his misconduct in place by using the enviroment he was in. I listened to him list the reasons why or why not to change. He had all the agruements lined up and could see how the scale was balanced towards making the changes in behavior. One agruement was working instead of studing his assignments. When asked why, the need for money stemmed from trying to gain social status for what the money could do for him. After thinking about his long term goals, he was able to see how this could slow him down. I asked him to see his guidence counselor for possible options of working out his situation with the school. It was not a surprise to me of how we can logically find the answer, but following through can be an entirely different journey.
Subject: Adoptive Study


Author:
Tammy D. Ali-Carr
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Date Posted: 17:35:09 01/27/08 Sun

Reading about Heredity-Environment made me remember that my brother was adopted. He came to our family when he was three months old. I am ten years older than he is.

I remember when he was around six years old I told him that he acted the way he did because he was adopted. This broke his heart because he did not know until then that he was adopted.

As years have gone by I see a lot of my dad in my brother. They way my brother walks, talks and some facial expressions and mannerism are a lot like my dad's. I am not sure if my brother's disdain for household chores is environmental or heredity (my dad always had us doing something around the house, garage or yard). So it could be that my brother decided he would never do house work when he got older.

We never knew who his biological parents were so it is impossible to tell how much my brother got from heredity or environment but I would say environment appears to have played a large role.
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Subject: high school students (post #2)


Author:
Patrick Frett
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Date Posted: 18:30:34 01/27/08 Sun

I want to continue on the thoughts of Peter and his post concerning studies showing that students in high school are not ready to mentally function in the morning.

I also found this idea quite interesting. Could a simple improvement with big effects on our education system just be a later start time. This seems simple enough. In my own experience, the results of the studies do not match my own observations. I track all of my classes based on state objectives. I teach three regular chemistry classes. My data shows that my classes later in the day do not perform as academically well. I know this could be for other reasons, but I find it interesting that my experience does not reflect the data.

I am pretty sure that MCS is pushing their school start time back next year. It will be interesting to compare my data from this year and next year to see if in fact the late start has had some positive academic affects.
Subject: Heredity-Environment


Author:
Danielle Murphy
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Date Posted: 18:07:49 01/27/08 Sun

Reading about heredity-environment and the adoptive studies this week made me ponder characteristics and traits that my sister sometimes exhibits. My sister and I are half-sisters through the same mother. My father adopted my sister when she was three and my sister has never spent any time with her biological father (she knows his name, but knows nothing about him or his whereabouts). There are certain physical traits that we share and are obviously handed down from our mother. But there are other traits that she has (such as her dark thick hair and body build) that no one else in our family exhibit. I often wonder if some of her unique personality traits came from her biological father or if other environmental factors have played a stronger role. Although having a half-sibling is not the same as a truly adoptive sibling, it does raise questions about missing pieces of the biological puzzle when one parent is completely out of the picture.
Subject: Chapter 3 Early, Average, Late Bloomers


Author:
Carolyn Brown
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Date Posted: 17:29:13 01/27/08 Sun

I have been thinking about my middle school students in a different way after reading chapter three. When I was a teenager, I remember how it felt to be ten, twelve, and fourteen. When my own children were teenagers, I remember the issues I had to face with them. But now as a teacher of middle school students, I am beginning to understand the complexity of the biological and social factors that affect them. The easy answer used to be hormones when I sought explanations for teen behavior. That is no longer true.

I teach eighth graders, but my duty responsibilities daily keep me involved with sixth, seventh, and eighth graders. In each grade, I can see the differences in student interaction when early bloomers dominate a classroom or a school activity. Usually, the larger, muscular, competitive, athletic boys rough house more and intimidate the late blooming males; the athletic boys spend less energy on school work, see arena style athletics as their future, and respond to females in a predatory manner. The less aggressive males spend more time talking to male and female classmates, studying, and exploring their varied interests, like art, computers, or music. In a class where most of the smaller males make up the majority population, the class dynamics was less stressful and the academic performance was better than the situation in a class full of early blooming males driven by high testosterone levels. Many factors account for academic differences, but I notice that the smaller males practice as much communicating their ideas as they practice hoop shots.

Many of the early blooming girls are already moving toward obesity, are taller, or are fully shaped. In that category, I see multiple behaviors: defensiveness, moodiness, and withdrawal from others; aggressive behavior and loud talking; or average teen responses to boys, clothes, and music. The older, larger, or sexually mature girls tend to move in their exclusive groups; their interactions with males are often confrontational. On the other hand, the younger, average, and late blooming females are less likely to be the ones involved in disciplinary actions, but they will be the source of the playful banter among the groups of average and late blooming male and females. Their interests vary and they seem less moody. Overall, the outfit (belt, jewelry, and shoes), lip gloss, a make-up mirror, and a comb are often as important as paper and pencil for most of the females, so image is important.

My observations, however, take note of the obvious behavior I see at school. I do not know about the students’ hereditary and environmental influences. In many cases, I know nothing about their parental relationships and educational backgrounds. I read articles about stereotypical, overgeneralizations about particular populations, and I do not want to contribute to ethnic gloss in my discussions.
Subject: Reinforcement schedules that don't kill teachers


Author:
Peter V.
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Date Posted: 13:41:38 01/20/08 Sun

Yesterday's class caused me to consider several practical issues in reinforcing excellent work and good behavior. For me, I have found that I often stay very busy as a teacher and while I have come up with several incentive programs for my class (relating to warmups, homework and punctuality), I get hung up on the amount of work involved in doing my part of the deal on a weekly or daily schedule. Also, I have found that my fixed-interval schedules don't work for motivating some students because two weeks is "too long to wait".

For example, I put into place a punctuality and attendance incentive saying that any two week period in which a student was present and on time each day for the two weeks, he or she would get a homework pass and some extra credit. I started getting behind, however, because of the work involved in checking my roll by hand to see who should get one and also filling out all of the homework passes and putting the extra credit in my grade program.

Also, some students will accidentally be tardy the first day of a two-week fixed-interval for this program, and then they will realize that they have already lost their chance for the homework pass and will not be motivated at all for the rest of the two weeks.

Does anyone have ideas relating to any sort of reinforcement system that is working for them? Does anyone have ideas for how I could improve mine?

Thanks!
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Subject: My Connection with Piaget's Theory and More!


Author:
Tammy Elliott
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Date Posted: 21:54:49 01/20/08 Sun

I enjoyed class on yesterday. Dr. Hagan touched on a lot of areas that I have been able to identify with in my students and my teaching.

From the class discussion and my reading, I find that the third and fourth stages of Piaget's Theory, are very evident in my acadumically wide range of students. I teach Honors Physical Science and General Science. The Honors students display the characteristics of the Formal Operational stage, whereas, they think "outside of the box". Their thought process, ability and approach in solving problems are logical. A select few of my General Science students display the characteristics of the Concrete Operational stage. These students can not grasp a new concept if they can not relate physcially. They have to be able to see or feel something. For them it has to be real. They need to be able to go through or have gone through the process to make sense of the concepts or skills presented in class.

Another subject from class discussion that hit home with me was the Key Factors in Observational Learning: Attention, Retention, Reproduction and Motivation. This opened a window in my thoughts on how to present new skills and monitor for comprehension. I really learned something during this part of our group discussion.

As I said earlier, I connected with many areas of Dr. Hagan's lecture and class discussion. Looking forward to learning more from the classmates and Dr. Hagan during our nezt meeting.
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Subject: Outside effects on sexual development.


Author:
Patrick Frett
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Date Posted: 08:54:39 01/21/08 Mon

I was reflecting on my own life and my own development. Biologically speaking I was a late developer. However, due to genetics, I was still a large kid. Because of this, I was able to play football. I found that my involvement with this sport helped alleviate some of the disadvantages of being a late developer. Biologically we develop when we develop, but in terms of the disadvantages and advantages of development, I wonder if there are outside factors which which have more effect then genetics?
Subject: First Posting


Author:
Tammy D. Ali-Carr
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Date Posted: 20:52:36 01/20/08 Sun

I really enjoyed the class this weekend.
I took this class mostly to help me better understand my youngest son as he goes through his adolescence and navigates through the school system.
He is 12 years old, 6'4" (wears a 19 shoe), has completed puberty - facial hair, and has Asperger's Syndrome (High-Functioning Autism)with an IQ measurable to 130. He is much larger than the other children in the school as well as most of the teachers.
With my two older boys things seemed to progress smoothly (well we had our bumps in the road but I could say they were pretty much text book).
I am now having to experience adolescence through his concrete thought process. Discipline has to be very creative, spanking is not a task I would want to tackle.
The readings, class discussion and views from those of you who are teachers really helps. I look forward to seeing everyone again in February.
Subject: edpr7112 first posting


Author:
Johnathan Hayes
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Date Posted: 19:40:53 01/20/08 Sun

I developed early in my adolescence. For this reason I became the starting corner back for the football team and a star on the track team. I ended up in the so called "in crowd" because I was good at sports and taller than most of my peers. I fall into the norm in the fact that because I developed early, I became good at sports and therefore became popular. I also wanted to say that the girls that developed early in my high school and were athletic did not have a harder time with dating. I found that most of the guys that were athletic dated the athletic girls.
Subject: Male Sexual Maturation


Author:
John Estes (Late Developer)
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Date Posted: 18:50:02 01/20/08 Sun

During the classroom discussion on male sexual maturation, I had said that I was late in developing. I did not gain weight until the first year of college. While my family moved around quite frequenlty, I thought the exclusion from my fellow students was because I was new. The males at every location were always seeking a pecking order, but curiosity always got the better of me. I don't remember having trouble talking to anyone of my classmates. I even believe that the confrontations that I went through helped me empathize with others that were left out.

There may have been another aspect to why I was not bothered during our move to my second high school, I knew the students at the second high school. It was almost like a reunion. I actually missed the first high school, because of my first love and my girlfriend. I had also developed alot friendships at the school and neighborhood that I felt lost without. If I were to change anything, I would of liked to have spent more time with everyone building a stronger relationship. Maybe it's never too late. I have a twenty-fifth high school reunion coming up. Which one do I go to?
Subject: Retention vs. Reproduction


Author:
Timothy R. Pruitt
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Date Posted: 18:36:14 01/20/08 Sun

Online posting #1 for 1/20/2007

In class we spent a great deal of time discussing Social Cognitive Theory and more specifically the relationship between retention and reproduction or production process as presented in the powerpoint. Ultimately I believe that as a class we decided that retention is what you know and reproduction is how you show what you know.

In attempt to gain a greater understanding of this relationship, I tried to apply it to my experience teaching and coaching. In class I notice that my students have the ability to retain information (i.e. definition for simile, metaphor, or personification), which is, as I understand it, retention. I noticed, however, that they struggled when I later challenged them to create their own similes, metaphors, and personifications, and thus demonstrating their cognitive reproduction of the information.

I know that memorization and recitation are lower levels of Blooms Taxonomy than original creation, but I wonder if or whether cognitive retention and cognitive reproduction operate under different or differing levels of Blooms.
Subject: Puberty Discussion


Author:
Christina Watkins
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Date Posted: 17:10:10 01/20/08 Sun

Our discussion about puberty yesterday caused me to think about my menarche. I was an early developer, first reaching puberty at about 10 years of age. I can remember gaining lots of weight (although I was fairly active), having horrible acne, and dreading all of the side effects that came along with my monthly cycle. Needless to say, I was teased for being heavy and having acne (and oh yea, the braces did not help!). During my pre-teen years, I was a recluse. Specifically, I can recall staying at home for the first few days of my cycle each month because I feared everyone would notice something different about me and that I would not "fit in." It was not until middle school that I began feeling more confident in myself. The braces came off, my body developed nicely, and the acne - well, it partially went away. My peers accepted me more as I began looking "normal." However, it wouldn't be until later in my college years when I realized that your beauty can only be defined by you.
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Subject: pre-organization learning


Author:
Adam Stich
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Date Posted: 13:57:18 01/20/08 Sun

Class was entertaining. I know we're supposed to pose an original thought, but I just wanted to say that first before I get into the academia.

Alright, now for my original thought. I will start by saying this thought is extremely original; however, I've pristinely aware that many educators, after having taken adolescent psychology courses, have probably had the same idea. The idea is that I, as an educator, need to incorporate more concrete teaching strategies in order to teach abstract english ideas. There is a lot of abstract stuff (technical term) in high school english. For example, simile's and metaphors are abstract principles. My students probably struggle with them so much because many, I assume, are pre-organization learners.

That said, I'm convicted. Instead of giving my students meaningless definitions to explains abstract principles, I will try and explain them in more concrete operations.
Subject: Hello


Author:
Carolyn Brown
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Date Posted: 20:33:31 01/18/08 Fri

I am looking forward to getting to know everyone this semester, and I hope all this helps with my teaching in the Memphis school system.
Subject: 2nd welcome


Author:
waldon
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Date Posted: 16:25:54 01/18/08 Fri

Again
Subject: Hello


Author:
Carmen Davis (Anxious)
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Date Posted: 13:13:08 01/18/08 Fri

Hello, I am Carmen Davis and I will be taking this class as part of my requirements for my Master's in School Counseling...I am looking forward to the course work and meeting my class mates.

Thanks
Carmen
Subject: Welcome


Author:
Waldon
[ Edit | View ]

Date Posted: 15:09:47 01/08/08 Tue

Welcome to EDPR 7/8112 Adolescent Psychology Applied to Education...I'm probably going over the syllabus at this point, and I certainly hope you're as excited as me.
OK Let me show you how this works.
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